Uphando lwamva nje lwezimvo zoluntu lwase-US kuqhanqalazo lwase-Occupy Wall Street (OWS) lucebisa inqanaba eliphezulu lovelwano loluntu ngale ntshukumo. Nangona zonke imiboniso yeendaba Abaqhankqalazi njengeqela labantwana abamhlophe โabakhalela kwanto ingakumbi,โ uluntu ngokubanzi kweli lizwe luvelana nombutho we-OWS. Ngokunikwa umoya woluvo loluntu, abaququzeleli bentshukumo banethuba elikhulu lokudibanisa inkitha yabantu kwiinyanga ezizayo.
I-OWS kunye noluvo loluntu
Iivoti ezine ezichukumise kwi-OWS, ukusuka Ipsos, Isidumbu, NBC/Wall Street Journal, yaye IXESHA imagazini, zonke zaqhutywa phakathi kwe-6 kaOktobhath kunye no-Oktobha 10th. Isiphumo sokuqala esibalulekileyo kukuba intshukumo ye-OWS ibambe ingqalelo yoluntu. Phantse iiveki ezintathu kuqhanqalazo, ngokutsho kwe-Ipsos, iipesenti ezingama-82 zelizwe โbabekhe bevaโ ngentshukumo, kwaye iipesenti ezingama-50 bazithatha โkakhuluโ okanye โngandlelโ ithileโ abaziqhelileyo. Uphando lwePew lufumanise ukuba iipesenti ezingama-42 zilandela intshukumo โngokusondeleyo kakhuluโ okanye โngokusondeleyo ngokusondeleyo.โ
Ingakanani inxalenye yoluntu lwase-US oluxhasa intshukumo ye-Occupy Wall Street? Kwi IXESHA I-poll, i-54 ipesenti yabaphenduli babenombono "oncomekayo kakhulu" (i-25 ekhulwini) okanye "ngandlel' ithile" (i-29 ekhulwini) imbono yentshukumo. Bangama-23 ekhulwini kuphela ababenembono โengathandekiyoโ ngalo mbutho, ngoxa abanye abangama-23 ekhulwini bathi โabakayazi ngokwaneleyoโ okwangoku. Esi siphumo sithetha ukuba ngokufutshane Abantu abazizigidi ezili-167 kweli lizwe bawujonga ngendlela efanelekileyo umbutho we-OWS. Ukuba i-1 okanye i-2 ekhulwini yaba bantu inokuba ngabathathi-nxaxheba abakhutheleyo, iya kwenza intshukumo enkulu kunayo nantoni na ebonwe kweli lizwe ukususela ngo-1960s, kwaye mhlawumbi ukususela ngo-1930s.
I-Ipsos kunye ne-NBC/WSJ Uvoto lukwanika imiqondiso yethemba yenkxaso yoluntu kwi-Occupy Wall Street. Ngokweziphumo ze-Ipsos, iipesenti ze-38 zinembono "ethandekayo" ye-OWS, ngelixa i-35 ipesenti "engaqinisekanga"; kuphela ngama-24 ekhulwini anembono โengathandekiyoโ. NBC/WSJ uhlolisiso lwafumanisa ukuba abangama-37 ekhulwini โbadla ngokuxhasaโ olu qhankqalazo, ngoxa li-18 ekhulwini kuphela โabadla ngokuluchasaโ. Nangona isezantsi kakhulu kune-54 pesenti kwi IXESHA kwi-poll, i-37-38 ekhulwini yabemi isaguqulela ubuncinane kwi-114 yezigidi zabantu. I-poll ye-Pew ifune kuphela ukulinganisa umdla woluntu kwaye ayizange icele uvandlakanyo lwabaphenduli malunga nentshukumo.
Njengoko bonke abahlalutyi bezimvo zoluntu begxininisa, ukuchazwa kwemibuzo yokuvota kubalulekile. I-Ipsos kunye ne-NBC/WSJ uvoto ngokungathandabuzekiyo ngamanyathelo athembekileyo angaphantsi kweemvakalelo zoluntu kune IXESHA kwi-poll, ngenxa yezizathu ezibini. Okokuqala, umbuzo we-Ipsos malunga ne-OWS awuzange unikeze abaphenduli ngayo nayiphi na ingqiqo yenjongo yentshukumo, ngaloo ndlela iqinisa i-media media. mantra ukuba OWS Unayo akukho njongo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i IXESHA Umbuzo wokuvota unike abaphenduli ngolwazi olusisiseko malunga nomyalezo we-OWS, uphawula ukuba abaqhankqalazi babechasene โnemigaqo-nkqubo abathi ixhasa izityebi, ibheyile yebhanki karhulumente, kunye nefuthe lemali kwinkqubo yethu yezopolitiko. La magama ayenyanisekile ngokufanelekileyo, nangona engenabubele ngokugqithisileyo kubaqhankqalazi njengoko ebeka uluvo lwemigaqo-nkqubo exhasa ubutyebi njengelizwe. Kleyima yentshukumo endaweni yokwenyani enenjongo. NBC/WSJ umbuzo wokuvota unike inkcazo emfutshane yomyalezo woqhanqalazo. Kodwa apho iziphumo zinokuba ziphenjelelwe lichibi labaphenduli, elalimhlophe ngokungafaniyo (ipesenti ezingama-77 zabaphenduli, ngokuchaseneyo. 72 ekhulwini kubantu base-US).
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukukhutshwa kweendaba okulinganiselweyo kolu luhlu lonyulo, kunye nezishwankathelo zabavoti beziphumo, ziye zalahlekisa kakhulu. Isishwankathelo se-poll ye-Pew yayinesihloko esithi "Uqhanqalazo lwaseWall Street lufumana ingqalelo elinganiselweyo," kwaye ababhali bagxininisa ukuba kuphela i-17 ekhulwini yabaphenduli bathi balandela i-OWS "ngokusondeleyo." Ubani ufanele aye kwiphepha le-11 lale ngxelo ukuze afumanise ukuba ama-25 ekhulwini awongezelelekileyo athi ayewulandela lo mbutho โngokusondeleyoโโnto leyo ethetha ukuba iqela elikhulu (ama-42 ekhulwini) kawonke wonke sele linikele ingqalelo. A Washington Post blog isithuba esibanjwe kwiziphumo ze-Ipsos kunye ne-Pew ukuxoxa ukuba i-Occupy Wall Street "igqithiselwe," ichaza ukuba umdla woluntu kwi-OWS ubonakala usezantsi kunomdla kwi-Tea Party kwisigaba esithelekisekayo ekuphuhlisweni kwayo ngo-2009. Kodwa ibali ngokunjalo aliphumelelanga xela zombini amanani aphezulu angama-42 epesenti okanye ukulungelelanisa iziphumo ngayo nayiphi na indlela enentsingiselo. Enye intwana ebalulekileyo yomxholo luthotho loshicilelo olubi oluthe lwafunyanwa luqhanqalazo, ngokwahlukileyo kumkhukula we ukhuseleko olulungileyo weQela leTea; kuqwalaselwa ngolu khanyiso, zone ii-polls zibonisa umgangatho ophezulu ngokumangalisayo wenkxaso yoluntu kwi-OWS, kwaye ibubungqina bokukwazi ukucinga komntu ngokuzimeleyo. Ezandleni zeengcungela zeendaba kunye nabavoti abanobuhlobo obuphezulu, iziphumo zokuvota ezibonisa uvelwano olubanzi lwentshukumo ye-OWS ziguqulwa ngandlel' ithile zibe bubungqina bokungakhathali koluntu kunye / okanye ukuchasana nayo. Kodwa ujongo olusondeleyo lwezona ziphumo zovoto kunye namabinzana emibuzo kunika umbono owahlukileyo.
Umfanekiso obanzi
Ukuvota okuninzi, kubandakanywa nolona lwakutshanje, lukwenza kucace gca ukuba kukho umsindo oxhaphakileyo oxhaphakileyo eWall Street, amaqumrhu, kunye nokungabikho kwedemokhrasi yezopolitiko kweli lizwe (kunye nezinye izinto, kodwa le miba ibangela umsindo othile). I IXESHA i-poll ekhankanywe ngasentla ibonelela ngedatha yamva nje ekhoyo. Kwabo baphendulayo bebezicingela beqhelene noqhanqalazo lwe-OWS,
ยท Iipesenti ezingama-86 zicinga ukuba โiWall Street kunye nabameli bayo banempembelelo enkulu eWashingtonโ
ยท Ama-79 ekhulwini acinga ukuba โumsantsa ophakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu eUnited States uye wakhula kakhuluโ
ยท I-71 pesenti icinga ukuba โabalawuli bamaziko emali anoxanduva lokudodobala kwezimali ngo-2008 kufuneka batshutshisweโ
ยท abangama-68 ekhulwini bacinga ukuba โizityebi zifanele zihlawule irhafu engakumbi,โ yaye abangama-73 ekhulwini kubo bonke abaphendulayo bakhetha ukunyuswa kwerhafu koosozigidi.
Uvoto lukwafumene inqanaba eliphezulu lokugxeka malunga nezopolitiko zase-US: iipesenti ezingama-60 zithi "ingxoxo yezopolitiko eWashington namajelo eendaba ayimeli" iinkxalabo zoluntu, ngelixa sisi-4 ekhulwini kuphela "abaziva benethemba ngemeko yelizwe. namhlanje.โ Abaphenduli banokungawathandi okumandla kuwo omabini amaqela amakhulu, kwaye bayawathiya amaDemokhrasi kuphela kancinci kunokuba athiye amaRiphabhlikhi. Oku kuphelelwa lithemba kwakuyenye into eyenza ukuba iQela leTea lifumane uvelwano olubalulekileyo loluntu ngo-2009-10. Kodwa kulo nyaka uphelileyo okanye kunjalo kubonakala ngathi kukho ukwehla okumandundu kuvelwano kunye nenkxaso yeQela leTea njengoko abantu beze kubona ngobuninzi bayo, ifaรงade โyangaphandleโ. Ngo-Agasti 2010 poll yafumanisa ukuba ama-52 ekhulwini โavakalelwa kukuba anovelwanoโ kwiTea Party, yakutshanje IXESHA uhlolisiso lwafumanisa ukuba kuphela ngama-27 ekhulwini anembono โencomekayoโ ngayo, yaye sisi-6 ekhulwini kuphela esizigqala โnjengamalungu okanye [abalandeli].โ
Ezi ziphumo zamva nje ziyahambelana novoto lwangaphambili, olubeka uluntu kude ngasekhohlo kwawo onke amaRiphabhlikhi e-Congressional kunye neeDemokhrasi ezininzi kwimiba emikhulu. Uluntu lunoburhalarhume ukungawathembi amandla oshishino kwaye ucinga ukuba abasebenzi kufuneka babe ngaphezulu kakhulu ingeniso, ukhuseleko emsebenzini, yaye impembelelo yezopolitiko kunokuba benza. Uninzi olunamandla lukholelwa ekubeni urhulumente unoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uyafikelela ukutya, imfundo, kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo. Kwimiba yerhafu kunye nenkcitho, ukuvota baye baqinisekisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba abantu abaninzi bathanda ukuthotywa okukhulu kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lomkhosi, irhafu ephezulu kwizityebi, kunye nenkcitho yokhuthazo karhulumente ukuze kudalwe imisebenzi; lo mkhwa ubambe inyaniso ukuvota ukusuka kwiinyanga ezimbini zokugqibela. Nangona kunjalo, ukucaphuka koluntu kukungameleli kwezopolitiko zase-US kunye nento u-Edward Herman noDavid Peterson abayibiza ngokuthi "ubuzwilakhe obungakhethwanga bemali" buphezulu kakhulu. Ngo-2010 omnye poll kwiNkqubo yeZimo zengqondo zoMgaqo-nkqubo weZizwe ngeZizwe ufumanise ukuba abantu abangama-81 ekhulwini bacinga ukuba ilizwe labo โlilawulwa yiminqweno embalwa emikhulu.โ
Amandla
Intshukumo ye-OWS yagqabhuka kwindawo ngexesha lokuxhaphaka kweemvakalelo ezichasene ne-elite kunye ne-anti-authoritarian, kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba kwimeko yenkqubo yezopolitiko yase-US kunye nezithembiso zobuxoki ezingapheliyo zezopolitiko. Ngenxa yale meko, intshukumo inamandla amakhulu, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezimbini eziphambili: inokuqhubeka ifundisa uluntu malunga nokungabikho kokusesikweni okwahlukeneyo apho iWall Street ingumfuziselo-ukusuka kwi-capitalism ukuya kwimfazwe, ubuhlanga, kunye ne-patriarchy-kwaye inokukhuthaza abantu abaphakathi. bakholelwa ukuba iindlela ezizezinye zokwenyani zinokwenzeka, hayi ngokuvota kodwa ngentshukumo esekelwe kwisininzi nezimeleyo yenkqubela phambili.
Omnye wemisebenzi ephambili yemibutho yezentlalo yimfundo, yamalungu ayo kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Imibutho yeGrassroots ubukhulu becala isazi ngezentlalo uMichael Schwartz siyibiza ngokuba โzizixhobo zokunciphisa ukungazi. Okona kulungileyo, banokukhanyisela oonobangela kunye neziphumo eluntwini kwaye bakhuthaze uhlobo lophando olubalulekileyo oluyimfuneko ukuze abantu baphuhlise ukuqonda okuqinileyo nokuhambelanayo kwengcinezelo kunye nendlela yokujongana nayo. Banokunceda shift uluvo loluntu ngokubhentsisa ngokumangalisayo ubume bentswela-bulungisa nokunyanzela uluntu ngokubanzi ukuba lujongane ngokwasengqondweni neenyaniso ezicinezelayo. Banokuguqula iingqondo zabantu abangachatshazelwa ngokuthe ngqo luhlobo oluthile lwengcinezelo, njengakwimeko yesimo sengqondo sabamhlophe malunga namalungelo abantu abamnyama. Njengoko uBenjamin Page kunye noRobert Shapiro bebhala kwincwadi yabo ye-1992 Uluntu olunengqiqo, umbutho wamaLungelo oLuntu waba negalelo kwinguqulelo ephawulekayo kwindlela abantu abacinga ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha: โUtshintsho kwisimo sengqondo sabamhlophe ngokuphathelele ukwahlulwa kwezikolo luphawuleka ngokukhethekileyo. Ama-31% kuphela awayethanda abantwana abantsundu nabamhlophe abafunda kwizikolo ezifanayo ngo-1942 akhule ukuya kutsho kuma-50% ngo-1956, ama-66% ngo-1963, ama-71% ngo-1965, ama-76% ngo-1970, ama-88% ngo-1980, kwaye 93% ngowe-1985.โ Kwiminyaka yakutshanje kukho utshintsho oluthile oluthelekisekayo kwiimbono zoluntu ngamalungelo amafanasini, zombini kwi eunited States kwaye kumhlaba jikelele. Ukuba i-OWS intshukumo inokuqhubeka nokwakha isantya kwaye ikhuphe umyalezo wayo, inokuba nefuthe elifanayo kwinxalenye enkulu yababukeli "abangenasiphelo" phakathi koluntu, abanokuqala ukuza ngeenxa zonke ngenxa yoko.
Kodwa mhlawumbi okubaluleke ngakumbi kwimeko ye-OWS ngamandla eentshukumo zentlalo ukukholisa ababukeli ukuba into eyahlukileyo inokwenzeka ngokwenene, kwaye izenzo zabo zinokuba negalelo kwinguqu yentlalo. Kumashumi ezigidi zabantu abasele bekuqonda kabuhlungu ukungabikho kokusesikweni kunye nengcinezelo iWall Street emele yona, eyona mpembelelo inamandla yentshukumo ye-OWS ingabakhuthaza ukuba bakholelwe kubuchule babo bokufaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwezinye iindlela. Ngenxa yokuphelelwa lithemba okuxhaphakileyo kunye nokugxeka kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, i-OWS ngokuqinisekileyo ilwa idabi eliphakamileyo kulo mba; nokuba uluntu luyijonga kakuhle le ntshukumo, iipesenti ezingama-56 basacinga ukuba โziya kuba nempembelelo encinci kwezopolitiko zaseMelika,โ ngokutsho IXESHA uvoto. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-30 ipesenti sele ithi iya kuba "nempembelelo enhle," kwaye abantu abaninzi abangazange bahlanganyele kwi-activism yezopolitiko ngaphambili sele bephefumlelwe ukuba bajoyine intshukumo. Akukho ngqiqweni ukulindela ukuba amakhulu amawaka okanye izigidi ezingakumbi zinokulandela. Le ntshukumo yangoku inentsingiselo ngakumbi kuba kukho ukuxhathisa okunamandla ukuxhaswa yiDemocratic Party; xa kuthelekiswa no-2008, abantu abambalwa nabambalwa abazimiseleyo ukubeka ikamva labo kwizandla zoosopolitiki abanenkqubela phambili, oluluphuhliso olusempilweni ngokwenene.
Mininzi imingeni ephambi kwentshukumo ye-OWS, njengoko kukho nayiphi na intshukumo emele abacinezelekileyo nabahluthwayo. Okokuqala, inkolelo yabantu yokuba ezinye iindlela zinokwenzeka ziya kuhlala kuphela ukuba intshukumo iyakwazi ukuguqula ngokubonakalayo imeko yezopolitiko kwaye iphumelele uhlaziyo oluncinci endleleni. Kodwa iziphumo zovoto ezichazwe ngasentla zibonisa ukuba abahlali banonxulumano olubalulekileyo kuluntu ngokubanzi. Ixesha livuthiwe lentshukumo yesininzi.
U-Kevin Young ulilungu loMbutho we-Free Society, elinye lamaqela ancedisa ukuququzelela intshukumo ye-Occupy Wall Street. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi, bona www.afreesociety.org.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela