Mumazuva akatevera kudengenyeka kwepasi kwakaitika kuEcuador musi wa16 Kubvumbi, mitsetse yekubhadhara pazvitoro zvikuru yaive yakareba. Vakajairwa maEcuadorian kubva kumatanho ese ehupenyu vakaungana kuzotenga chikafu, mvura yekunwa uye zvimwe zvakakosha zvevakabatwa. Yakanga iri njodzi yomusikirwo yakaipisisa munyika mumakore 70, yakasiya vakawanda se1,000 10,000 vafa, vanopfuura 3 XNUMX vasina pokugara, uye yakakonzera ngozi inopfuura mabhiriyoni matatu emadhora.
Kudengenyeka kwenyika kwakaitika apo nyika yakanga ichipinda mukuderera - mitengo yemafuta epasi rose yasvika padanho idzva uye hurumende yakatofanira kuderedza mari inoshandiswa neveruzhinji, kunyanya mumapurojekiti ekudyara. Zvisinei nekusatarisika zvakanaka kwehupfumi, Mutungamiri Rafael Correa vanoramba vari wezvematongerwo enyika ane mukurumbira.
Chikonzero chekuzivikanwa kweCorrea, kunyanya pakati pevarombo venyika, iri nyore. Kubva paakasarudzwa muna 2006 hurombo hwakada kusvika nepakati, kubva pamakumi mana nemashanu kusvika pamakumi maviri neshanu muzana uye kusaenzana kwadzikira zvakanyanya. Pamwe chete nemitero yakakwira yevapfumi, kwave kuchiwedzera kushandiswa pakubhadhara dzimba, kutamisa mari yevarombo, uye kupeta kaviri kwemari yedzidzo yevoruzhinji. Zvakare, zvivakwa munyika yose zvave nani, nekuvandudzwa kwemigwagwa mitsva yakawanda, mayunivhesiti uye zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji.
Correa yakaunzawo kugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika. Pakati pa1996 na2007 Ecuador yakapfuura nevatungamiri vasere uye matambudziko maviri ezvematongerwo enyika uye ehupfumi. Panosvika Correa achasiya chigaro chemutungamiri wenyika muna 2017, achange atonga kwemakore gumi, nguva refu kupfuura chero mutungamiri wenyika kubva kuna Eloy Alfaro, mumwe wemadzibaba akatanga nyika, akasiya chigaro muna 10.
Imwe nharaunda iyo hurumende yakatarisana nezvinetso munguva pfupi yapfuura ndeyehukama hwayo nemasangano emagariro. Chikamu chakakosha chebato rinopokana, mapato madiki akati wandei ekuruboshwe, mapoka ezvemamiriro ekunze, uye chikamu chesangano remubatanidzwa vakashoropodza Mutungamiriri nekudzoka pazvivimbiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvebudiriro uye kutonga zvine chiremera. Vanoti akundikana kubva pa "extractivism" uye kutsamira pamafuta, kubva mukuchengetedza zvine simba zvakatipoteredza, uye kubva mukusanganisira masangano emagariro mukuvandudza marongero ake. Chakanyanya kukosha pamapoka aya isangano revagari vemunyika, iro, zvisinei nekukamukana kwemukati menyika, rinogona kuti rinomiririra zvikamu gumi kubva muzana zvehuwandu.
Nyika inotsamira zvakanyanya pamafuta. Inenge hafu yemari yeEcuador inotengeswa kunze kwenyika inobva kune oiri kunze kwenyika uye, dzimwe nguva, zvichienderana nemutengo wemafuta, izvi zvinopa chikamu chechina chebhajeti rehurumende. Pasinei nedambudziko rehupfumi hwenyika muna 2008, Ecuador yakakwanisa kuchengetedza avhareji yakasimba pagore GDP kuwedzera kwezvikamu zvina kubva muzana pakati pa2000 na2012. Zvakadaro, chokwadi chekuti nyika yakagamuchira US dhora semari yaro zvichitevera kudzikira kwehupfumi muna 2000 kunokanganisa mutemo wehupfumi zvakanyanya.
Kunyangwe Ecuador iri nyika inogamuchirwa kune vekunze, vamwe vanoionawo seyakachengetedzeka uye yakavharwa. Kubvisa pamuviri, somuenzaniso, hakubvumirwi nomutemo muanenge mamiriro ezvinhu ose. Zvakare, subservient class-based maitiro achiri kupararira. Asi nyika inogona kuzvirova dundundu kuti yaisanganisira pfungwa yechivanhu yekuti kurarama kwakanaka (kurarama kwakanaka) mubumbiro rayo ra2008 uye zvakabatsirawo kunhaurirano dzepasi rose pamusoro pekuti tingawana sei nzanga isingatengesi vatengi uye ine ecology ine hutano.
Mamiriro akasiyana-siyana eEcuador - anosanganisira Amazon, mahombekombe akanaka, masango emakomo, zvitsuwa zveGalapagos uye makomo anoputika - pamwe nehuwandu hwayo hwakasiyana-siyana uye zvematongerwo enyika, zvinogadzira nyika isingambode kunakidza. Izvozvi mauto anochengetedza muLatin America ari kuyedza kudzoreredza iyo inonzi 'pink tide' yedunhu, vavariro yavo inotevera ingangove Ecuador uye pasina mubvunzo ichatonyanya kunakidza.
Greg Wilpert
Mutungamiriri | Mutungamiri Rafael Correa Delgado. |
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upfumi | GNI per capita $6,090 (Peru $6,360, United States $55,230). Ecuador yakatadza kubhadhara chikwereti chayo muna 2008 uye yakazomisa zvibvumirano zvekudyara mari, kusanganisira imwe neUS. Correa yakatendeukira kuChina pachinzvimbo: muna Zvita 2013 akabvumirana chibvumirano neBeijing chinofukidza 9.9 bhiriyoni emadhora ekutanga kutengesa kwemafuta uye kutsigirwa kwebhajeti. Nyika inoramba ichivimba neoiri zvisina hutano, zvikuru nemitengo yepasi rose yakadzikira. |
Main exports | Petroleum, mabhanana, maruva akachekwa, shrimps, cocoo, kofi, huni, hove. |
Mari unit | US dollar (kubvira 2000). |
vanhu | 15.9 mamiriyoni. Chiyero chekukura kwegore ne1.5%. Vanhu pa square kilometer 64 (UK 267). |
utano | Kufa kwevacheche 18 pa1,000 yevana vanozvarwa vapenyu (Peru 13, US 6). Njodzi yeupenyu hwese yekufa kwaamai 1 mu440 (US 1 mu1,800). Huwandu hwehutachiwana hweHIV hunosvika 0.3%. |
mhepo mvura nenzvimbo | Ecuador ine zvipenyu zvakawanda paskweya kiromita kupfuura chero imwe nyika pasi rose. Ndiyo nyika zvakare ine bumbiro remutemo rinocherechedza kuti zvisikwa zvine kodzero yekuvepo uye kubudirira. Muna 2007 hurumende yeCorrea yakapa chirongwa cheYasuní- ITT, chemari yepasi rose kuchengetedza chikamu chakakosha cheAmazon kubva mukushandiswa kwemafuta. Danho rakakundikana, zvakadaro, uye kuongorora kwemafuta kwakatanga muYasuní National park muna 2016. |
mutauro | Spanish ndiwo mutauro unonyanya kushandiswa munyika, uye Quechua ndiwo unonyanya kutaurwa pamitauro yeko. Pamwe chete naShuar, Quechua inosarudzwa 'mutauro wepamutemo wekudyidzana kwetsika'. |
chitendero | Katorike 74.0%, Evangelical Protestant 10.4%, Zvapupu zvaJehovha 1.2%, vamwe kana vasingadaviri kuvapo kwaMwari 14.4%. |
Human Development index | 0.711, 98th yenyika 188 (Peru 0.737, US 0.914). |
Kugoverwa kwemari | Kusaenzana uye urombo zvakaderera zvakanyanya mumakore gumi apfuura. Nyika ichine rwendo rurefu rwekufamba, zvakadaro. |
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rusununguko | Rusununguko rwekutaura, kuungana uye kushamwaridzana zvinovimbiswa zvachose. Nekudaro, kusvibiswa kwevakuru vakuru vehurumende kunogona kutungamirira kumhosva, sezvakangoita kune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda pasi rose. |
Chinzvimbo chevakadzi | Chimiro chevakadzi chave kuita nani zvishoma kubva kuma1990. Zvisinei, kubvisa pamuviri kunoramba kuri kunze kwemutemo. |
Kuverenga | Pa94.5%, kuverenga nekunyora kunowanzokwira, asi mitengo ichiri yakaderera pakati pevagari veko. |
Makore ekurarama | 76 makore (Peru 75, US 79). |
Vepabonde vashoma | Muna 2016 Ecuador nguva pfupi yadarika yakapa mvumo yepamutemo kumubatanidzwa wevanhu vakaroorana. Kusarura pamusana pekuda kuita zvepabonde hakusi pamutemo. Bato reLGBT rinoshanda uye rinoronga mafambiro epagore eGay Pride munyika yose. |
Kuongorora kweNI (Politics) | Sarudzo yeCorrea muna 2006 yakamiririra shanduko yakakosha kuEcuador. Zvematongerwo enyika zvenyika zvakatonyanya kugadzikana, huwori nehutsotsi hwakaderera, masangano ehurumende ari kushanda nesimba, uye kupinda mune zvematongerwo enyika kwakasimba muzvikamu zvese. Anoramba akanyanya kutarisisa kudunhu reLatin America kupokana neoliberalism - Union yeSouth America Nations yakamisa HQ yayo muQuito. Mutungamiriri, zvakadaro, anogona kutaura nehasha kune vanomushora, kungave kubva kuruboshwe kana kurudyi. |
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