Lenín Moreno, mutauri anokurudzira ari pawiricheya uye aimbove Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weEcuador (2007-2013), akakunda musarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika yeEcuador neMuvhuro wapfuura ne51.2 muzana yemavhoti. Kwekanguva, zvaiita senge neoliberal mupikisi wake Guillermo Lasso aizokunda. Asi mumavhiki mashoma apfuura emushandirapamwe, sarudzo dzakatanga kuchinja mushure me Allianza País bato rakaratidza kuti Lasso akabatsirwa kubva kuEcuador's 1999 dambudziko rezvemari uye ichiri kuvanza mamiriyoni emadhora munzvimbo dzokuti mutero. Sarudzo dzakaratidza shanduko mumavhiki mashoma apfuura emushandirapamwe, kubva kuLasso ichitungamira nemapoinzi mashoma, kuenda kuMoreno achitungamira kuhwina sarudzo.
Nekudaro, kunyangwe paine mukana wakanaka we2.3 muzana mapoinzi, kana zviuru mazana maviri kubva pamamiriyoni gumi mavhoti akakandwa, mushure mekudaidzwa kwesarudzo, Guillermo Lasso akati zvakabuda pachena ndezvekunyepa uye kuti kuverengerwa kwemavhoti anosvika mazana matanhatu ezviuru kunofanirwa kuitika. Nyangwe Alianza Pais vakaramba zvichemo, vakabvuma kuverengwa patsva kwemavhoti aya. Uchapupu hunoratidza kuti Lasso yakaratidza hutsotsi hunogona kunge hwave hushoma, zvakadai sekushayikwa kwemasaini pamafomu ekuvhota uye kugadziriswa muhuwandu hwevhoti yenzvimbo dzekuvhota. Kuverengerwa patsva kwenzvimbo dzekuvhotera dziri kupikisa kunofanirwa kunge kwagadzirira pamberi paChivabvu 24, apo mutungamiri mutsva achagadzwa pachigaro.
Kune vamwe vanoongorora, zvinoshamisa kuti Moreno, uyo akavimbisa kuenderera mberi nehurongwa hweakafanofarirwa, Rafael Correa, haana kuhwina zvine mutsindo. Zvisinei nekukura kuri kuita hupfumi hwenyika uye nekupasiswa kweBumbiro rezvematongerwo enyika pasi paRafael Correa, mumakore achangopfuura hutungamiriri hwake hwakapokana nemamwe mabhesi akakosha emagariro akamupinza pachigaro, izvo zvakaita kuti vamwe vatungamiriri vebato varambe pachena kutsigira Moreno. Pamusoro pezvo, mumwedzi ichangopfuura, huwori hwakati wandei hwakazvidza Correa nebato rake. Zvakadaro, kuhwina kwekupedzisira kwaMoreno kunyangwe zvinhu izvi zvinoratidza kuti muvhoti weEcuadorian haana kugadzirira kuenda kune kodzero yezvematongerwo enyika, sezvakaita vamwe vavakidzani vayo.
Correa's Contested Legacy
Makore gumi eCorrea ari muhofisi (2007-2017) akaratidzirwa nekugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kwehupfumi, zvichitevera makore gumi ehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika (1997-2007), akaratidzirwa nematambudziko ehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika. Pasi peCorrea, urombo hwakaderedzwa neanopfuura chikamu chetatu uye hurombo hwakanyanya hwakacheka nepakati. Avhareji yemari yegore rega rega yakakura zvakapetwa kaviri nekukurumidza panguva yehutungamiriri hweCorrea sezvayakaita mumakore makumi maviri nematanhatu apfuura (26 muzana pagore zvichipesana ne1.5 muzana). Uyezve, Correa yakawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri mari inoshandiswa munharaunda uye mari yezvivakwa, maererano nedata rehupfumi kubva kuCentre for Economic and Policy Research.
Kunyange zvazvo hurumende yeEcuadorian yakabatsirwa nemitengo yepamusoro kusvika muna 2014, Correa yakagadzirisawo kuderera kwehupfumi kuviri panguva yematambudziko emari epasi rose e2008-2009, pamwe nekudonha kwemitengo yemafuta mushure megore ra2014. Pakati pa 2014 na 2016, nyika yeEcuadorian yakagamuchira zvishoma. hapana mari yemafuta nekuti mafuta ayo akaderera uye anodhura kugadzira. Uku kuderera kwemutengo wemafuta pamwe chete nedhora rekuAmerica rine simba, mari yeEcuador, zvaireva kuti kutengesa kunze kwenyika kweEcuador, kwakava kudhura zvakanyanya kune zvinhu zvakafanana kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Kuti ibhadhare zvinhu zvayo kubva kunze kwenyika, Correa yakaunza mutero wenguva pfupi usingafarirwe unosvika makumi mana neshanu muzana kuitira kudzikisa zvinhu kunze kwenyika. Gwaro iri rakabudirira padanho rehupfumi, asi rakakuvadza vazhinji vekuEcuador mumabhuku avo ehomwe. Asi Ecuador yakakunda dutu racho zvakanaka: Urovha hwakaramba hushoma yakatenderedza 5 kana 6 muzana uye kunyangwe chikwereti chayo chakakura, Chikwereti cheEcuador chekunze chichiri chimwe chezvakaderera muLatin America.
Zvematongerwo enyika, zvakaitwa nemutungamiri weCorrea zvanetsa. Correa haina kupokana kwete chete nekurudyi chete, asiwo akawanda akakosha anofambira mberi magariro eEcuador, kunyanya mafambiro echivanhu uye kufamba kwezvakatipoteredza. Mafambiro aya akatanga achitsigira Correa paakatanga kusarudzwa muna 2006, uye akarumbidza kubudirira kwekutanga kwehutungamiriri hwake, sekupasiswa kwebumbiro idzva rinofambira mberi muna 2008, rekutanga pasi rose kusimbisa kodzero dzechisikigo pasi pechisungo chenyika. rekuti “sumac kawsay,” kana kuti “kurarama kwakanaka,” zvichireva hupenyu hunoenderana nemasikirwo, nharaunda, uye cosmos. Bumbiro remutemo iri rinonyatsosimbisa rudzi rwakasiyana rwebudiriro.
Pasinei neizvi, hurumende nemasangano evanhu zvakaparadzana kubva kune mumwe. Correa akaona chero kushoropodzwa kwemaitiro ake kune zvakatipoteredza kana kune yepasi sekutengesa uye se "infantile.” Correa paakatendeudzira marongero ake ehupfumi akananga pakutsamira kukuru pakuchera zvicherwa, senge apo ane mukurumbira kusiiwa kweYasuni-ITT chirongwa muna 2013, kuratidzira kwechivanhu uye kwezvakatipoteredza vachipokana neCorrea kwakawedzera uye nechisimba. Mukupindura, Correa haina kuzeza kushandisa mauto edziviriro kudzvinyirira kuratidzira. Pakupedzisira, mazhinji ezvikamu zvakakosha zvekufamba uku, senge bato rekuzvarwa Pachakutik, iyo yanga iri pamberi pakuramba hurumende dzakapfuura, yakaramba kutsigira kukwikwidza kwaLenín Moreno.
Zvichakadaro, munzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika epasi rose hurumende yeCorrea yakaramba yakasimba mumusasa unopokana nemaimperiya wehurumende dzekuruboshwe dzeLatin America. Ecuador yakabatana neALBA, Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our Americas, muna 2009, pamwe chete neVenezuela, Bolivia, neCuba. Akataura pachena achipokana nemakambani emunyika, uye akasundidzira matanho akakosha, sekurambidzwa kwepasirese kunzvimbo dzemitero uye kuyedza kubata masangano ekunze ane mhosva yekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu, panguva yehutungamiriri hwake.
Asi kuenderera mberi kwehuwori, kuenderera mberi kwevanopesana nevezvenhau, uye kudzikira kwehupfumi kwa2014-2016 zvese zvinogona kunge zvakakonzera kukunda kwaMoreno. Huwori zvirokwazvo hachisi chinhu chitsva muEcuador uye Correa inoita kunge yakagadzira mabasa mazhinji everuzhinji, zvichiita kuti huwori husanyanya kuwanda mukudyidzana kwezuva nezuva nehurumende. Nekudaro, nyaya dzakati wandei dzehuwori hwepamusoro dzakabuda pachena mumakore mashoma apfuura, kunyanya sezvo dzaisanganisira kambani yekuvaka yekuBrazil Odebrecht, iyo inofungidzirwa kuti yakashandisa. mari inosvika mamiriyoni makumi matatu nematatu emadhora echiokomuhomwe panguva yemutungamiri weCorrea. Vezvenhau vakashuma nyaya dzehuori dzepamusoro-soro muEcuador mumakore mashoma apfuura, dzinosanganisira aimbova gurukota rezvemafuta, Carlos Pareja uye aimbova maneja wePetroecuador, Alex Bravo, pakati pevamwe vakawanda. Kunyangwe mukoma waCorrea, Fabricio, nemutevedzeri wake, Jorge Glas (uyo achashanda seMutevedzeri weMutungamiriri pasi paMoreno) vakabatanidzwa.
Kuderera kwehupfumi munguva pfupi yapfuura uye kuwedzera kuoneka kwenyaya dzehuori hwepamusoro zvakaramba vatsigiri vazhinji veCorrea, Moreno, uye. Alianza País. Vakasimba vanopesana neCorrea uye vanopesana neMoreno vezvenhau vepamhepo vakaratidza matambudziko aya nguva dzose munhau, izvo zvakabatsira vanopikisa zvakanyanya mumushandirapamwe wesarudzo. Vimbiso isati yazadzikiswa yekutsigira vezvenhau munharaunda, inova chikamu cheBumbiro reMitemo ra2008, yakashandawo mukupokana nekufambiswa kwemamiriro enhau akasiyana.
Kunyange zvakadaro, pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, Lasso haana kukunda. Akamhanya semuzvinabhizimusi akabudirira aizoziva nzira yekuvandudza hupfumi - asi maitiro ake ehupfumi hwekare akazomushora semumiriri asina simba wevanopikisa.. Lasso aive Gurukota reEconomy muna 1999, achitevera dambudziko guru rebhanga rakamanikidza vanopfuura miriyoni vekuEcuador kuti vabude munyika. Segurukota, aive aine chikamu chegwaro remutemo waibvumidza mabhanga kutenga zvikwereti zvisina kunaka nechikamu chemutengo wavo uye ndokuzowana 100% yehurumende yekubhadharisa zvikwereti. Zvakare, mumavhiki mashoma apfuura emushandirapamwe, pepanhau reArgentina Pagina12 yakaratidza kuti Lasso inodzora zvimwe zvinhu uye makambani ari kunze kwemutero wePanama. kupfuura zvaifungidzirwa pakutanga. Zvakazarurwa nezvekuita kwaLasso's Panama uye kuburitswa kwezviitiko zvake zvichitevera dambudziko rebhanga zvakapotsa zvamurwadza kumiririra.
Zvinorevei Kuhwina kwaLenin kuEcuador
Chekutanga, Kuhwina kwaLenín Moreno pachigaro chemutungamiri weEcuador kunoreva kuti nyika haisi kuzodzokera kumitemo isina kudzorwa neoliberal iyo Argentina neBrazil ichangobva kumbundira pasi pekutonga kutsva kwekodzero. Pane kudaro, Moreno akavimbisa kupa rubatsiro rwehurombo katatu, kuwedzera kuvakwa kwedzimba dzeveruzhinji, penjeni yakapetwa kaviri yevarombo, nekudyara mukugadzira mabasa emabasa mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu ezviuru. Kuti zvese izvi zvaizopihwa mari sei munguva dzemabhajeti akaomarara haana kumbotaura. Achaendesa mari yenyika here kana kuti achawedzera mitero kune vakapfuma?
Nekudaro, munharaunda imwe chete Moreno akatosaina kuti achave akasiyana neakafanotangira: anozotsvaga kuyananisa zvakanyanya kune vanomupikisa. Ndinovimba izvi zvichareva kudzoreredza kuparara kweCorrea pakufamba kwevanhu, uye kwete hukama hwepedyo nekirasi yebhizinesi reEcuador. Pasi rose, Moreno akatozvibvisa panzira yekupokana kwaCorrea kuenda kuUS nguva pfupi yapfuura sarudzo Moreno akasanangura mumiriri weUS kuEcuador kuti amugamuchire noushamwari mumusangano nevamiriri veEcuador uye akati anotarisira kuve nehukama hwakanaka hwekushanda US Zvakare, kunyangwe akataura kuti haazobvisi hupoteri hwaJulian Assange weWikileaks, anga achigara mumiriri weEcuador muLondon kwemakore mashanu apfuura, akatsiura Assange nekusekesa nyoro pamusoro paGuillermo Lasso. Izvo zvicharamba zvichionekwa kana zviri kuitika izvi zvingareva shanduko yakanangana nepakati pehurumende itsva.
Asi pamwe mhedzisiro yakakosha yesarudzo yaMoreno, ndeyekuti yakakanganisa shanduko chaiyo muLatin America zvematongerwo enyika. Sarudzo yake ichakurudzira mamwe masangano anofambira mberi uye mapato kuti asaore mwoyo pakati pekodzero dzichangobva kuitika mudunhu. Nesarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika dzakarongwa muMexico, Chile, Colombia, Brazil, Paraguay, neVenezuela, takaona kukunda kwaMoreno kuchipa mukana wekudzoka kuruboshwe muLatin America muna 2018.
Gregory Wilpert inyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu uye mutori wenhau akanyora zvakanyanya nezveLatin America zvematongerwo enyika uye nzanga. Parizvino anogara kuQuito, Ecuador, uye anoshandira The Real News Network.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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