Hurumende yeSouth Africa yakanyatsotsigira Russia here, sezvakaonekwa kwete chete mumitambo yakabatana yemauto yaFebruary (padivi peChina) asiwo mukupomerwa kutengesa zvombo kuMoscow kupera kwegore rapfuura? Hukama huchatadzisa Mutungamiri Cyril Ramaphosa kuti Vladimir Putin asungwe pamusangano weJohannesburg, mukupera kwaNyamavhuvhu, weBrazil-Russia-India-China-Johannesburg bloc - sezvinodiwa neInternational Criminal Court kusunga (nekuda kushungurudzwa kwevana vakatapwa veUkraine) ? Uye chimwe cheizvi zvinhu chichatyisidzira chikamu chimwe chikurusa chekutengeserana kunze kwenyika kweSouth Africa, African Growth and Opportunity Act pasina mutero kuUnited States, inokosha mabhiriyoni anoverengeka emadhora gore rapfuura chete?
Munguva yemhute yehondo iripo, pamwe chete nemauto ekuita purofiti, zvinofanotaurwa zvachose kuti vezvematongerwo enyika vekuSouth Africa vatange kudyara makore ekusahadzika. Gurukota rezvemari, VaEnoch Godongwana, ndivo vakanyanya kunzvenga nzvenga musi wa14 Chivabvu kukanganisa Dhipatimendi reUnited States rine hasha rinoti vanhu vekuSouth Africa vakatakura zvombo zvaienda kuRussia mungarava yeLady R, pachiteshi chemauto cheCape Town muna Zvita 2022: vagadziri.โ
Ndiani angaita misikanzwa kubva mukutengesa zvombo zvinouraya, uye ndezvipi zvakanyanya mhedzisiro yehupfumi?
Mutungamiriri wemauto anotungamira pasi rose anoramba ari United States. Uye zvisinei neWhite House neDhipatimendi reHurumende rhetoric nezve "hondo pakati pemademocracy uye autocracy,โ vekupedzisira vanofarirwa vatengi vezvombo nehutungamiriri hweMutungamiri Joseph Biden. As The Intercept's Stephen Semler akapedzisa svondo rapfuura mushure mekuongorora zviri pamutemo 2022 data yekutengeserana, Biden "yakabatsira kuwedzera simba remauto renhamba huru yenyika dzine hutongiโฆ IUS yakatengesa zvombo kune inokwana makumi mashanu nenomwe muzana yenyika dzepasirese muna 57." Zvinoda zveSaudi Arabia, Israel neEgypt zviri pamusoro pechinyorwa. Mukuita kudaro, Zvinonzi Axios, "US yakaverengera makumi mana muzana ezvese [zvombo] zvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva 40-2018, kubva pa2022% mumakore mashanu apfuura, nepo Russia yakaderera kubva pa33% kusvika 22%.
Vamwe vanoita misikanzwa nemauto vanosanganisira vatengesi vezvombo vekuSouth Africa, vachitungamirwa nebazi rehurumende reDenel neParamount Group. Asi mutevedzeri wemukuru weAfrican National Congress Foreign Policy Committee, VaObed Bapela, vanoti havasi kuzopinda musarudzo apo United Nations ichavhota kurwisa Russia. vakati paSAfm national radio, โNdaive nevakuru veDenel, ndaivepo svondo rapfuura Chishanu. Denel yanga isati yagadzirwa kwemakore matatu apfuura. "
Muchokwadi, Rheinmetall-Denel Munitions (RDM) mubatanidzwa mukuru muSomerset West uyo kugadzira nekutengesa zvishoma zvezvombo zvinouraya, kusanganisira mumavhiki achangopfuura. Panguva iyo firm inoramba kupa Putin zvombo (sezvo RDM's sezviri pachena isingaenderane nepfuti dzeRussia), according to DefenceWeb kwave ne "kukwira mubhizinesi, zvichida nekuda kwehondo muUkraine. Muna Zvita 2022, semuenzaniso, RDM yakazivisa odha yenyika yeNATO yepfuti zana nemakumi mashanu neshanu dzeAssegai.
Anozvitutumadza maneja weRDM Jan-Patrick Helmsen, "Tinofara zvikuru kuti vatengi vaviri - kusanganisira nhengo yeNATO uye nyika isiri yeNATO - vakaisa chivimbo chavo muhunyanzvi hwedu hwepasi rose hweAssegai husina kunanga moto." Dรผsseldorf-based Rheinmetall inogara kwenguva refu mubatanidzwa wehurumende dzinodzvinyirira; aimbove mutengesi wezvombo wechipiri waAdolf Hitler, uyezve akange asina kukahadzika pamusoro pekutengesa kuhurumende yerusaruraganda.
Nhasi, "RDM inotumira kunze kwe80% yekugadzirwa kwayo, kunyanya kuSaudi Arabia neUnited Arab Emirates, ayo ari maviri anozivikanwa nekutyora kodzero dzevanhu," anopikisa mauto Terry Crawford-Browne. akayeuchidzwa mushure mekuputika kwegore ra2018 pafemu yeCape Town plant kwakauraya vashandi vasere nekuda kweiyo RDM manejimendi kushomeka. Akaenderera mberi achiti, "Kunzvenga mirau yekuGerman yekuburitsa zvombo kunze kwenyika, Rheinmetall inotora nemaune yakawanda yekugadzirwa kwayo munyika dzisina kusimba."
Pamusoro pekudzvinyirira Middle East oiligarchies, kwave nekutengesa kwakawanda kwemauto eSouth Africa kunyika dzeNATO, kusanganisira vatengi vanomwe vachangobva kutenga kusanganisira United States, semubatanidzwa wemauto. Armscor inobvuma mumushumo wegore rapera. Sachigaro wesangano iri, VaPhillip Dexter, vakazvipira zviri pachena โkutengeseranaโ kwemabasa ekutorwa kwezvombo uye nepo mubatanidzwa uchiita basa rekutarisa neNational Conventional Arms Control Committee (NCACC), hurongwa uhu hwakakanganisika zvikuru.
Sezvineiwo, Dexter ndemumwe wevanonyanya kubuda pachena vezvematongerwo enyika muSouth Africa, ane pro-Putin tweeted mukupera kwaApril, โTinotarisira kugamuchira nekuchengetedza Mutungamiriri weRussian Federation. Imperialists uye kuseka kwavo kweICC ngavatukwe. Vanofanira kutanga vasunga matsotsi avo ese ehondo tisati tavatora zvine musoro. Kunyange zvakadaro tichadzivirira Putin. "
Zvakadaro Armscor yakasimbisa kutengeswa kukuru kwezvombo kuSouth Africa kuGermany neBritain, kusanganisira midziyo inogona kuwana nzira yekuenda kunhandare yehondo yeRussia-Ukraine. kudivi rekuMadokero. Izvo hazvingashamise, nekuti muna 2021, iyo Kubatsirwa neNhamo Chirevo cheNGOs Open Secrets and Lawyers for Human Rights chaisanganisira rondedzero inoodza mwoyo yeNCACC inotadza, kusanganisira kubvumidza zvombo zveSA kupinda Yemen kuburikidza neSaudi Arabia neUnited Arab Emirates.
Ivor Ichikowitz iri muJohannesburg inomhanyisa Paramount Group, ine Mbombe motokari dzezvombo dzakawana nzira yadzo kupinda muLibhiya yakanga yasakadzwa nehondo kuburikidza neJordan muna 2019. Zviri pachena kuti anotenda mukufadza mativi ose ari muhondo, kunyora gore rakapera, โRussia, yave mutambi kwenguva refu muAfrica kuburikidza nerutsigiro rwayo rwemauto nezvematongerwo enyika emasangano erusununguko, uye pakupedzisira kuburikidza nekupa zvidziviriro nevapi vamazano vemauto kunyika zhinji dzakazvimirira, yakatanga kurwisa nemaune muna Chikunguru mushure mekupinda kwayo kwakaipisisa. yeUkraine.โ
Uye gore rino, Ichikowitz enthused mberi mukati MuAfrica mutsva, โZvisinei nekushoropodzwa kwepasi rose kwekupinda munyika yake kuUkraine parizvino, mumiriri wepamusoro weRussia anoisa pamberi pehukama hweRussia neAfrica. Gore rakapera mabhiriyoni makumi maviri emadhora ekutengeserana pakati peRussia neAfrica angave anoratidza zvakawanda; kuwedzera kwe20% kupfuura gore rapfuura, asi chikamu chidiki chekuzvipira kuri kuita mamwe masimba, uye netambo shoma dzakabatanidzwa."
Vhiki rapera, Ramaphosa naPutin vaive nerunhare rwehushamwari "kusimbisa zvisungo zvinobatsira mune zvakasiyana-siyana." Mazuva apfuura, mutauriri wezvekune dzimwe nyika Clayton Monyela zvakafanana kukwadzirwa "hukama hunobatsira uye hwehukama huripo pakati peUnited States of America neSouth Africa," panguva imwe chete ichiratidza "kusafara" nemumiriri weUnited States Reuben Brigety's May 11 kuputika pamusoro pekutakura kwe Lady R: "Tine chivimbo chokuti zvombo. zvakatakurwa muchikepe ichocho uye ndaizobhejera upenyu hwangu maererano nekururama kwechirevo ichocho.โ
Kuvimbika kwaBrigety kunoyeuchidza nezveMunyori weUnited States, Colin Powell, uyo akabheja (uye akarasikirwa) miriyoni imwe chete yeIraqi anogara aine chivimbo. murandu kuti Zvombo zvaSaddam Hussein zveMass Destruction zvakaruramisa kupinda kweUS muna 2003. Kwete, mauto eWashington aigara haana kumbowana maWMD iwayo.
Saizvozvowo, mhute yehondo inoda kuti Godongwana adaro dzokorora, sezvaakaita muParamende svondo rapfuura, kuti โmutemo wedu hausi kutengesa zvombo kana zvombo kune chero bato riri mumhirizhonga yeRussia neUkraine,โ nekuti vanotyira kuti South Africa yave pedyo kubviswa muAfrica Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA).
Asi kana izvozvo zvikaitika, tinogona kutarisira zvikuru Western Multinational Corporations Kuda kudzikisa zvinoshamisa kugadzirwa kwakanangana nekutengesa kunze kwenyika pabazi ravo rekuSouth Africa, kunyanya re AGOA-zvine njodzi zvigadzirwa: mota (iyo US yakaunza kunze kwenyika $1.6 bhiriyoni yemitero yemahara pasi peAGOA muna 2022), masimbi nezvicherwa ($463 miriyoni), zvigadzirwa zvekurima ($458 miriyoni), uye makemikari ($360 miriyoni).
Aya ndiwo mapazi emuSouth Africa anonyanya kukoshesa mari, uye zvibereko zvawo zvakakura maererano neCO2 uye methane emissions, zvichikonzera matambudziko akadai saKubvumbi-Chivabvu 2022. Durban Rain Bombs yakauraya mazana mashanu, kana Cyclone Freddy iyo akagurwa vanopfuura 1000 vekuMalawi masvondo mashoma apfuura. Zvisinei neAGOA, mafemu aya achakurumidza kukwezva zvirango zvemamiriro ekunze kuEurope pasi peCarbon Border Adjustment Mechanism nekuda kwehutsi hwawo hwakanyanya kunyudza CO2.
Uyezve, makambani makumi maviri nemanomwe eEnergy-Intensive Users Group guzzle Chikamu che40% chemagetsi ekuSouth Africa kunyanya kune aya anotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Mukuita kwekunyungudutsa zvicherwa, vanopedza hupfumi hwezviwanikwa zveSouth Africa - kusvika padanho remambure. mari yehupfumi yemugodhi inodarika mabhenefiti - uye kugadzira kusvibiswa kwakawanda.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kunyanya BHP Billiton's South32 aluminium smelter muRichards Bay, mutengo wemagetsi unobhadhariswa femu yekuAustralia chikamu chidiki chezvinobhadharwa nevanhuwo zvavo vekuSouth Africa. Chinonyungudusa icho chete chinoshandisa chikamu chinosvika 5% chegetsi renyika, asi chinodaidzira kuti magetsi apiwe kune hupfumi hwenyika - akaitwa kunyange nemukuru weStandard Bank. Derek Cooper panguva yekutanga dambudziko rekudzima Eskom muna 2008 uye Business Day munyori wenyori Michael Avery gore rakapera - hazvina kuteererwa zvakapihwa hukama hwesimba huripo.
Saka kana Washington ikagumisa AGOA uye mhedzisiro yacho ishoma kunyunguduka uye nekudaro kuwanda kwemagetsi kuwanikwa kumabhizinesi madiki nedzimbawo zvadzo, chingave chikomborero chehupfumi mukuvanzika - nenzira imwecheteyo kunyorwa kwegrey kwemabhanga ekuSouth Africa neFinancial Action Task Force mu. February atova nea mugumisiro wakanaka pamusoro pemutemo uye mutemo unopesana nekubata mari zvisiri pamutemo.
Kana mune imwe nyaya yakasanganiswa yemari-uye-mamiriro ekunze zvirango, Xi Jinping yaGunyana 2021 divestment chiziviso - kuti Belt & Road Initiative mapurojekiti haachakwanisa kusanganisira zvidyarwa zvemagetsi emarasha - munguva pfupi reverberated kupinda muSouth Africa Musina-Makhado Special Economic Zone (uye inogona kududzira kufa kwayo).
Asi zviripachena maitiro anobatsira kune ruzhinji rwevaSouth Africa - senge kudzikisira zvinobuda nekunyungudutsa simbi pamwe chete. zvimwe zvirango zvezvemari nezvekutengeserana zvakagara zvanonoka vachipesana, kunyanya, maextrative-industry capitalists - vanoramba vachivanzarika nevanoita misikanzwa yehondo. Kunyanya kune avo vari muPretoria muzinda wehurumende uye kumahofisi eJohannesburg neCape Town vanogadzira zvombo, kusarerekera ingano iri nyore, sezvavanoramba vachitengesa zvombo mativi ose munzvimbo ine mhirizhonga inotyisa.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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