Angangove mutungamiriri mutsva weUnited Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - sangano repasi rose rakahwina Mubairo weSainzi network - anogona kunge ari mukuru wekanzuru yeDurban kwenguva refu. Debra Roberts, achifunga kuti ahwina sarudzo ichaitirwa muNairobi mukupera kwaChikunguru. Zvakadaro kusamira zvakanaka kwemamiriro ekunze kweDurban kunoratidza kuwacha kwegirinhi kusvika kure zvekuti kwaive kwakatonaka kubereka zvakare mushumo yeIPCC ya2018 inoti: โSomuenzaniso, hutungamiriri hwezvematongerwo enyika muhurumende yemanisipala, hwakanzi hunoita kuti pave nemutemo wekugadzirisa maadapter ekutanga muQuito, Ecuador, neDurban, South Africa.โ
Muchokwadi, kwete chete hutungamiriri hwezvematongerwo enyika muDurban, asi kudzikisira nekugadzirisa kweguta, kwave kuratidzwa nemamiriro ekunze. inkururamisira (uye zvakafanana ndezvechokwadi kune reQuito kanzuru) uye kusakwanisa. Nyika yakatanga kuona izvi muna Kubvumbi-Chivabvu 2022 pakafa vanhu mazana mashanu nekuda kwechiitiko ichi kushaikwa kwekanzuru yekudzivirira mamiriro ekunze panguva yekuputika kuviri kwemafashamo ayo akakanganisa zvakapetwa kaviri nekuda kwekubuda kwegreenhouse gasi.
Chinonyanya kunetsa pamusoro pekukwikwidza uku ndechekuti mumakore makumi matatu apfuura, vakuru vekanzuru yevachena vanobhadharwa zvakanaka vane mabasa ezvemamiriro ekunze, hutano hweveruzhinji uye mamiriro ekunze (kwete Roberts chete) vakanyanya kufuratira nharaunda yeDurban inotamburira kupedza kusvibiswa kunouraya kwehupfu nemagasi egreenhouse anoburitswa ne mafemu enzvimbo dzepetrochemical uye zvekunatsa. Izvi zvanyanya kujeka muSouth Durban uko vanorwira kodzero dzezvakatipoteredza vanocherechedzwa pasi rose kurwisa hudofo hwemakambani nemanisipala, asi apo zvisingadzivisiki, vezvematongerwo enyika nevakuru veguta vari kuvaderedza, zvisinei nekuvakazve mushure memafashamo. rhetoric kupesana.
Durban's Climate Action Plan greenhouse-gas kudzikamisa haina kungove isina kukwana. Pamusoro pezvo, hurongwa hwekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze hwakaisa zvakanyanya kukoshesa kuchengetedza kwe Durban Metropolitan Open Space System (D'MOSS), yakakura (95 000-hectare) seti yenzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa dzine midzi yenguva yerusaruraganda muna 1982 yairatidza nhoroondo yekusagadzikana kwemarudzi pakati penzvimbo dzinogara vachena nevatema. Ichi ichokwadi chisingaite, chisingawanzo taurwa, asi zvitatu zvinosarudzika ndezvekuparadzanisa (black African) Cato Manor taundishipi kubva kunharaunda (inotongwa nevachena) yakabatana neYunivhesiti yeKwaZulu-Natal; iyo (yakare-yeIndia) nzvimbo ye Kenville muDurban North; uye vapfumi (vachena) Upper Highway suburbs.
Munzvimbo dzakadai, vagari vakapfuma vanokoshesa D'MOSS kwete nekuda kwekuchengetedza chete, asi - kana ichidzivirira vatema vanotambira mari shoma - nekuda kwekuita kwayo kupatsanurwa kwemarudzi. Mumwe mugumisiro, kunyange magwaro okuronga ekanzuru yeDurban pachake grants, โmwero wakakwirira wokusarurana kwenzvimbo dzebasa nedzimba nokuda kwemiitiro yakapfuura yokuronga yaikurudzira kushandiswa kwevhu uye kuganhurwa kwemarudziโฆ [izvo] zvakadzivisa zvikuru kuvandudzwa kwemhoteredzo dzekushandiswa kwakavhengana.โ
Pasi pemamiriro ekunze aRoberts Utungamiri, kanzuru inewo simuka paโKushanda paNziziโ mapurojekiti madiki-diki ekuedza kuchengetedza nzizi dzisina tsvina. Asi sezvinoratidzwa nekusvibiswa kwakanyanya kunosvika kumahombekombe mushure medutu guru rega rega, idzi dzaive nhamburiko dzenhando maererano nekukura kwekuderera kwenzira yemvura uye kuvharika mumamiriro ekusakwanisa kwemvura yemadutu.
Marara anoyerera achienda kugungwa muchidimbu nekuda kwekutadza kuunganidzwa kwemarara kwekanzuru. Kuputsika kwekusavimbika kwebazi reDurban Solid Waste kwakave pachena zvekuti zvakazoita kuti vaimbova meya (2016-19) vaZandile Gumede. kupomera pamhosva dzinodarika 2000 dzehuori, huori nekutyora mutemo weOrganised Crime Act and Municipal Systems Act.
Asi kwakanga kunewo tsvina yetsvina yakapararira kuputsas, muchidimbu nekuda kwe neoliberal utsanana mitemo izvo zvakagadzira yakakwira zvakanyanya E.coli concentrations munzizi nemunzizi nguva isati yasvika Kubvumbi 2022 Rain Bomb yakaparadza mapaipi nenzvimbo dzekupomba mukati meguta. Maneja wemvura weDurban Neil Macleod (zvakare muchena mukuru anopembererwa pasi rose) aive nazvo muna 2014. yakagamuchira Stockholm Water Industry Award asi kumbiri yake akabvuma kuti kirasi 'kusiyana' rakanga riri mutemo wehurumende wemaguta, umo โchimbudzi chinogezeswa nemvura chinoonekwa kuva chevapfumi uye utsanana hwakaoma hunoonekwa sechigadzikiso kuvanhu varombo.โ
Kubva ipapo, kuora kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kwakamisa zvivako zvakakosha zveDurban, semumwe mutori wenhau. Zvinonzi, โmushonga wechitatu mukurusa wokurapa muguta hauna kushanda zvakanaka kubvira mafashamo aApril asati aitika uye pari zvino ndiwo manyuko makuru etsvina inoyerera ichipinda muRwizi Umngeniโ uye kubva ipapo, ichienda mugungwa, ichiparadza mahombekombe anodiwa eguta.
Kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze kuDurban kwaifanirwa kunge kwakaunza kutarisisa zvakanyanya kune aya masosi ekushatisa kwezvakatipoteredza, kazhinji basa rekusakwana kwebhajeti remanisiparati izvo, kunyangwe isiri mhosva yevakuru vemamiriro ekunze, zvaizotungamira mukuzvininipisa kukuru mukati mematunhu epasi rose-anotonga kwezvakatipoteredza uko Roberts. yakazvivakira mukurumbira une simba.
Semumwe muenzaniso, 500-mapeji 2016 XNUMX World Bank report yakarumbidza kwete chete Roberts' "kuronga kuchengetedza" hutungamiri uye "kurongeka kwekugadzirisa kugadzirisa kwemamiriro ekunze." Pasinei nekurekodha kukanganisa kukuru mukugadzirisa kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwemaguta, chirevo cheBhangi chakataura "basa guru rinoitwa neTheku munyaya yekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda yemaguta muAfrica neNyika" - mu mashoko acho wemumwe (muchena) wekuSouth Africa, Roland White, Global Lead webhanga reCity Management, Governance and Financing.
Vamwe vatyairi vemamiriro ekunze emanisipala vanosanganisira kudzikisira marara akati wandei 'methane emissions, asi nenzira yaisanganisira kushanda pamwe chete neWorld Bank. Chirongwa che'privatization of the air' chakasimudzirwa naRoberts - kureva. kuvimba nemisika yepasi rose kabhoni kupa mari (zvishoma asi zvinodhura) methane-to-energy poping and jenareta - zvakakonzera bviro huru yekukonana uyezve kushorwa nenharaunda pedyo nenzvimbo huru yeAfrica, Bisasar Road yekuDurban (iri munharaunda yevatema sezvaiitwa nerusaruraganda).
Mushandirapamwe wekuvhara Bisasar wakatungamirwa kubva kutanga kwa1990s Sajida Khan, uyo muna 2007 akafa negomarara rakakonzerwa netsvina yemarara mhiri kwemugwagwa kubva pamba pake. Bato rake rezviuru zvakakundwa nevakuru vekanzuru - kunyanya vachena vaviri, maneja weguta Mike Sutcliffe uye mutungamiri weprojekiti Lindsay Strachan โ vaiva vane nzara nokuti carbon credits. Kuenderera mberi kwekanzuru yeBisasar Road kwaisanganisira kuizadza kusvika pamazinga epamusoro kuitira kuti vatengese mamwe makiredhiti, asi mihoro yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya kuparara kwemitengo-yekutengesa mitengo mushure mekudonha kwehupfumi hwenyika muna 2008, zvichiratidza kutsamira kweDurban pahupfumi hwepasi rose panzvimbo iyi yakaoma yekuyedza.
Asi pasinei nekukundikana ikoko, kwete chete kwaivapo ane hasha manisipala greenwashing pamberi peDurban kuzoita 2011 musangano weUnited Nations COP17. Makore mashoma gare gare, kuitira kuhwina mubairo weWWF "Ndinoda Maguta" mukurumbira wekudzikisa gasi regreenhouse muna 2014, gurukota rezvekudyidzana neveruzhinji - Carver Media - kubiwa international Twitter accounts kuitira kuti kubiridzira vhoti, zvakare ine methane mitigation pilot project.
Chikumbiro chemubairo weWWF muna 2014 nekanzuru chaive pakati pehurongwa hwemusika wekabhoni: nekuda kwe (chishoma) "7.5MWh yemagetsi anogadzirwa kubva mumarara, Durban ine kodzero yekudada nekuita kwayo simba rinogonekazve."
Zvino, vachisimbisa kunetsa kwemamiriro ekunze pamusoro pezvinhu, Gumede - uyo achangobva kutumidzwa zita remadunhurirwa rekuti โMeya weGraft" nebepanhau reCityPress - raive muna 2018 paakavapa mubairo wepasi rose weWWF โOne Planet City Challengeโ pamusangano wepasi rose wegore iroro muSan Francisco wakakokwa naGavhuna weCalifornia Jerry Brown. Panguva iyoyo, akanga achiri kunakidzwa nechimiro che Vice-Sachigaro weC40 network inotsigirwa naMichael Bloomberg, ichiburitsa zvakare nzira ine njodzi, gimmicky marongero eDurban anonyengedza vanhu vepasirese.
Kusavimbika kunoramba kuripo kwerudzi urwu kunoratidza kusuwa kweguta (uye vamiriri vepamusoro) kuve neDurban. Kuonekwa kuve mutungamiri wenyika uye wepasi rose wemamiriro ekunze chero muripo. Uye zvinoburitsa pachena, muenzi wemusangano waDecember 2023 United Nations mamiriro ekunze muDubai, Sultan Ahmed Al-Jaber, ndangoyedza hunyengeri hwakafanana nezvakaitwa kuDurban, nemaakaundi e Twitter emanyepo, asi zvakadaro pachena kutanga kwemwedzi uno na muchengeti vatapi venhau.
Zvichakadaro, zvinonyanya kukosha, kusakwana kwekudzivirira kwemamiriro ekunze kwenzvimbo dzine mari shoma yeDurban kwainyanya kufuratirwa. Izvi zvakaratidzwa mukuwedzera kusimba kweMabhomba eRain akarova guta mukati October 2017, April 2019 uye kaviri muna 2022, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwekufa kwevanhu uye kukuvara kukuru kwezvivakwa nguva yega yega. Vakuru vekanzuru' kushaya hanya kumigero inokosha yemvura yemadutu, kuva nechokwadi chokuti kuvakwa kwedzimba dzakanaka kunoitika munzvimbo dzakachengeteka (kwete zvitangwena zviri pamakomo ane materu kana munzvimbo dzine mvura yemafashamo), pakuvaka migwagwa yakasimba zvikuru nemabhiriji, uye kugovera rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi, zvose zvakaratidza kuuraya.
Zvichakadaro, kana zvasvika kune zvematongerwo enyika emamiriro ekunze, kuvimbika kwemamaneja epasi rose epamusoro ndiko kudonha. Iyo 2023 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) mutungamiri, Al-Jaber, ari zvakare mukuru wekambani yemafuta mu Abu Dhabi. Zvese zvinoratidza kuti ane chinangwa chose kuchengetedza nguva yefossil fuel kuenda kureba sezvinobvira. Vashandi vake vanga vari mushishi kuedza detox peji rake reWikipedia, uye kambani yemafuta yeAl-Jaber akatora kutonga yeUNFCCC tsamba.
Simba rinonyanya kuomesesa mukati meUNFCCC rinoramba riri mubatanidzwa wemakumi maviri nemaviri echinyakare anosvibisa Western neiyo zvino yanyanya kusvibisa Brazil-Russia-India-China-China-South Africa BRICS hupfumi - uye munguva pfupi, iyo inodaidzwa. "BRICS +" kabhoni-yakapindwa muropa nechisimba. Zvido zvevatungamiri vavo zviri muzvose zviri zviviri kwete kucheka zvinobuda zvakakwana, uye mukati kuramba kubvuma chikwereti chavo chemamiriro ekunze kune vakabatwa nemamiriro ekunze akanyanya "kurasikirwa & kukuvadzwa" uye yezvinodhura zvinogadziriswa-zvivakwa zvinodiwa (pamwe nemubhadharo wenyika dzine urombo wakakodzera kusaburitsa mune ramangwana, zvichipihwa West + BRICS 'kushungurudzwa kwenzvimbo yemhepo) .
Nheyo yesimba iri inowanikwa mu mubatanidzwa wakatangwa muna Zvita 2009 muCopenhagen, mumusangano wakakosha weUS-China-India-Brazil-SA. Asi nhengo nyowani dzeBRICS + dzinogona kusanganisira Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Iran, Bahrain, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Indonesia, Egypt, Algeria neNigeria uko kune tarisiro shoma yekuzvidavirira uye uko vamiriri vezvemagariro uye nharaunda vanowanzoisa njodzi mujeri. mazwi, kana kuipa.
Al-Jaber anofanirwa kunge achisimudzira kudzikisira kwakadzikama, sekumisa Abu Dhabi hurongwa hwekuwedzera mafuta, asi masimba emamiriro ekunze eUNFCCC emamiriro ekunze haana kugadzirira kumumanikidza kuti adaro, panzvimbo pekubvumidza "mhinduro dzenhema" - senge Carbon Capture. uye Kuchengetedza uye carbon offsets - kuti iparadzirwe kubva pahutungamiriri hwake kusvika pamwero zvekuti aimbove munyori weUNFCCC nguva pfupi yadarika. akataura pamusoro pake.
Saizvozvo, kana Durban ikapihwa kumwe kucherechedzwa kweIPCC kuburikidza nekugadzwa kwemukuru mukuru kuti atungamirire dare panguva yekuparara kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuparara kwekanzuru, zvinoburitsa pachena kuti manejimendi ezvemamiriro ekunze ari kunze kwenyika. chokwadi - sezvakangoita IPCC kugara achitsoropodzwa nokuda kwemukati mekuchengetedza kwayo apo nguva nenguva ichipa fungidziro dzekukanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze dzine tariro yakawandisa.
Varatidziri vemamiriro ekunze eDurban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa nepasirese vanokodzera kuremekedzwa zvakanyanya, kungofanana nekupona kwepasi kunoda nzira nyowani, inopindirana nezvematongerwo enyika ekutonga kwemamiriro ekunze, kwete hunyengeri hweDurban.
(Patrick Bond ndiye Muzvinafundo Anoremekedzwa weSociology uye Mutungamiriri weCentre for Social Change paYunivhesiti yeJohannesburg; ichi chikamu chekuvhura kiyi yekupa hurukuro kune Zvematongerwo enyika Ecology Network musangano muDurban, 27 Chikumi 2023.)
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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