Pamberi pemusangano waNyamavhuvhu 22-24 muJohannesburg wakasimudzira tarisiro yesimba idzva rekuenzanisa mune zvematongerwo enyika pasi rose - uye zvakarova kutya mumoyo nemupfungwa dzevazhinji vekuMadokero - zvinhu zvishanu zvakaderedza Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa. BRICS) bloc kune acrimonious paralysis. Zvakadaro, mamiriro achinja mugore rapfuura, uye kutaura nezve 'BRICS+' ine nhengo itsva dzinosvika gumi nembiri uye 'de-dollarization' ajenda yakasimudza chimiro chetiweki iyi kusvika payaive isati yamboitika - uye isingaite zvachose -.
Kubva panguva iyo kupokana kwemukati kwakaratidzika kukonzera 'spalling' - umo rusvingo rweBRICS rwakaswedera pedyo nekupunzika - zvinobatsira kurangarira kuti chii chaiitika:
- kudzivirirwa Vatungamiriri veBRICS kubva pakuita misangano mu-munhu kana kubva mukudaidza mazana evamiriri vehunyanzvi, bhizinesi, vedzidzo uye masangano everuzhinji anga aratidzwa mune ecosystem yebloc.
- vetoed kunyanya nevaEurope vakamirira maindasitiri avo ezvinodhaka muna 2021-22, Angela Merkel naBoris Johnson vanofanira kunge vaine kukoshesa Bolsonaro's joining Vatungamiri vashoma vari kuramba zvikumbiro zvakadzokororwa neMutungamiriri weIndia, Narendra Modi uye Mutungamiri weSouth Africa, VaCyril Ramaphosa, vakataurira nyika dzinopfuura zana apo vaida kuti mishonga yakakosha ionekwe se“zvinhu zvepasi rose.”
- kwakaputika yakakwira muHimalayas, ichiratidza kushomeka kwekugadziriswa kwemuganho kubva kutanga kwema1960s, zvichitungamira muna 2020 kusvika pakufa kwemauto akawanda mukurwa kwemaoko. Iko hakuna magumo mukuona kune mauto ehondo pamusoro penyika yegomo uye - nekuda kwekuwanda kwekuvakwa kwedhamu reChinese - pamusoro penzizi dzinoyerera dzekumaodzanyemba. Imwe nzvimbo yakawedzera yekupokana inoenda kumadokero kuenda kuPakistan kubva kuKashmir, uko kupokana kwenzvimbo kunoenderera kunopesana nekutonga kwakasimba kweDelhi uye Islamophobia, pamwe nechishuwo cheBeijing chekutonga Kashmiris muChina. Kupfuurirazve kumadokero, Beijing iri kupa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi matanhatu neshanu emadhora emukoridho zvivakwa kubva pachiteshi chePakistan cheGwadar kuenda kumadokero kweChina, iyo yainoona ichinyanya kukosha nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwekutengesa muStrait yeMalacca, uye kuti iwane nekukurumidza Belt uye Road Initiative kuwana mafuta kunze kwenyika kubva. Persian Gulf. Asi iyi nhanho yekuzvipira kwehupfumi kuIndia yekutanga muvengi nyika - kusanganisira nzvimbo yehutongi hunokwikwidzwa mukati mePakistan - inotsamwisa zviremera zveDelhi, izvo zvakaramba zvichivhara mari dzemakambani eChinese uye kuratidza huwandu hwakanyanya hweSinophobia yenyika.
- kusungwa waranti (yekupamba makumi ezviuru zvevana veUkraine), aifanira kusvika iye pachake pamusangano we2023 Johannesburg. Ramaphosa akateterera mutungamiri weRussia kuti apinde mumusangano uyu sechikamu chechibvumirano chehutungamiriri hweSouth Africa hwemusangano werunyararo weKiev-Moscow usiri kushanda nevatungamiriri vakati wandei vemuAfrica muna Chikumi 2023. Ramaphosa akakumbirawo pachena mutungamiri weRussia kuti adzorere kupinda mugungwa kuUkraine. kutengeswa kwezviyo kunze kwenyika kunoda kuita chikamu chegumi kubva muzana chezviyo zvepasi rose, asi Putin haana kukoshesa chikumbiro ichi, asi akapa mahara ezviyo zvake kunyika dzakawanda dzine hurombo dzine vatungamiri vakapinda mumusangano wekuSt. Petersburg Russia-Africa mukupera kwaChikunguru.
- Ita kumukira kwaJanuary 2023; muna June 2023 mutiny naPutin aimbove shamwari yepedyo Yevgeny Prigozhin uye wake Wagner Group of mercenaries; zvakavanzika kunyangarika weChina Gurukota rezvekunze, Qin Gang muna Chikunguru pakati makuhwa anotenderera nezve nyaya neBritish spy kana kungoita zvisina basa; uye muSouth Africa, vaRamaphosa pedyo-kurega basa muna Zvita 2022 nekuda kwekubvunzurudza kunotyisa pamusoro pehuori hwevanhu. Nepo mutungamiri weChinese Xi Jinping, Modi naPutin vachiita sevakabatanidza masimba avo, maviri asina kusimba maBRICS haana kugadzikana: Lula. zviso Congress ine hutsinye yeBolsonarite uye inovimba nekuzviremadza mibatanidzwa nevaneoliberal pamusoro pehurumende yake; nepo Ramaphosa aine mari yake uori case uye kusavimbika yemutevedzeri wemutungamiri wenyika (tisingataure zveakamutangira kusungwa kwenguva pfupi musi waNyamavhuvhu 12 - pamhosva dzine chekuita nechiokomuhomwe chemutengesi wezvombo wekuFrance - ichiteverwa nekuregererwa kwekare), pamwe nekupararira. kudzimwa kwemagetsi, zvinogona kuita kuti bato rake rirasikirwe neruzhinji uye kubatanidza hurumende yemubatanidzwa mushure mesarudzo dzepakati pa2024.
Asi kunyangwe paine mhirizhonga yakaitika muchirongwa ichi, hupfumi hwenyika hutatu hweBRICS - Brazil, Russia neSouth Africa - hwakaita zvirinani pane zvaitarisirwa kubva pakati pa2020 mushure mekuvhunduka kukuru, semitengo yezvicherwa nefossil. yakatanga kudonha asi ndokuzokwira kurekodha mazinga, uye zvakare kubva munaKurume 2022 mushure mekupinda kwaPutin, apo mitengo yezvinhu yakakwira zvakanyanya kweinenge mwedzi mishoma.
Kunyange Russia yaigona kudzoka zvinokatyamadza nekukasira kubva pazvirango zvezvemari zvekuMadokero uye kutorwa kwemari inodarika mabhiriyoni mazana matanhatu emadhora muzvinhu zvemhiri kwemakungwa zvehurumende nemaoligarchs - zvirango zvakatumira mashoko akasimba kune vaimbove vadzvanyiriri vekuMadokero kunyanya kuMiddle East. Zvinhu zvekuMadokero zvakanga zvisina kuchengetekawo.
BRICS + inobuda
Chokwadi chirango chemari chakaitwa negurukota rezvemari reUS Janet Yellen muna Kurume 2022 ndicho chikonzero chikuru chevazhinji veBRICS+ vari kuda kujoinha remangwana rakabviswa mari. Vese vanocherekedza kusasimba kwehukama hwezvematongerwo enyika neDhipatimendi reHurumende reUS rinowanzo bhururuka, uye kwete chete nekuti "paleo-conservative" Make America Great Again ideology yaDonald Trump yakatsiviwa negwaro rekunze raJoe Biden "neo-conservative" umo " zvedemocracy” uye zveupfumi neoliberalism zvinoiswa kana zvichidikanwa, nechisimba.
Zvisinei netarisiro yekuti VaTrump vadzoke pamasimba kutanga kwa2025, dambudziko revadzvinyiriri nderekuti Washington dzimwe nguva inoisa nekutsiva vatungamiriri vevatengi, pasina pfungwa. Kunyange zvazvo iyo yave iri tsika yenguva refu, shanduko yehurumende yekunze yave yakaoma zvikuru nekuda kwesimba rezvirango zvemari.
Kunyanya kuburitsa chiitiko chaive neSaudi Arabia, kutanga muna 2020 semumwe wevamiriri vemutungamiri weUS, Joe Biden's main policy-rhetorical targets (se 'pariah'), akapihwa Riyadh's bone-saw kuurayiwa kwemutori wenhau Jamal Khashoggi muna 2018. Mukutanga kwa2021. Biden zvakaziviswa Hondo yeSaudi paYemen inofanira kumira, asi shifted tack ndokunyarara mukati megore, sezvo mitengo yesimba yakakwira, Biden U-yakatendeuka uye pachangu vakashanyira Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman ('MBS') kukumbira Riyadh kuti iwedzere mafuta ekubuda (kudzikisa mitengo), izvo mutungamiri weSaudi akaramba.
Chokwadi kutanga kwa2023, mune imwe chiratidzo chekusaremekedza kwakajeka kuWashington, Riyadh haina kungoita chibvumirano chekutanga cherunyararo neIran, yakabhurwa neChina, asi yakatanga hurongwa hwekutengesa 'petro-yuan' kuderedza dhora rehegemony. Mukutanga kwaNyamavhuvhu, Washington yakaedza kuita dzosera iyo inonyanya kukosha de-dollarization nepasuru yaisanganisirawo nguva yaTrump-Abraham Accord chinzvimbo - 'kugadzirisa' hukama hweIsrael-Saudi hwakafanana neUAE muna 2020 - iyo yakamiswa nemutungamiri weSaudi kudzamara guruva ragadzikana pamusangano weBRICS uye nhengo itsva dzeBloc dzinosarudzwa.
Iine BRICS+ itsva iri kutanga kuitika, zvinhu zvinonyanya kushamisa zvevavhoti vava kutariswa kunyanyisa kabhoni uye hudzvinyiriri hwezvematongerwo enyika, hunofananidzwa neMBS. Rondedzero yakazara yevamiriri vekutanga kupinda muBRICS, yakadomwa kutanga kwaNyamavhuvhu, negurukota rezvekunze kweSouth Africa, Naledi Pandor, iAlgeria, Argentina, Bangladesh, Bahrain, Belarus, Bolivia, Cuba, Egypt, Ethiopia, Honduras, Indonesia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Morocco, Nigeria, State of Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela neVietnam.
Ihodgepodge isina ideology inonzwisisika, asi inofashukira ne-anti-social, anti-ecological uye nemari $-inoculated kuzvifarira. Mibairo mikuru yeChina neRussia, ichifambisa kuwedzera, ingave Saudi Arabia neIran. Kana vese vatsva makumi maviri nenhatu vakabvumirana, nyika makumi maviri nesere dzeBRICS+ dzinogona kuongororwa maererano nekurerekera kwadzo kwaPutin (kuvhota vachipokana nezvisungo zvekubviswa kweUnited Nations) kana kusarerekera kumavhoti, sezvakaita South Africa achifarira Ukraine.
Mumusasa wekupedzisira mune 14 nyika dzakakwikwidza kuwedzera kuBrazil: Argentina, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Egypt, Honduras, Indonesia, Kuwait, Morocco, Nigeria, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Thailand neUAE.
Kusiyana neizvi, kune gumi nenhatu dzeBRICS neBRICS+ hurumende dzaipikisa kana kuramba kubva pachisungo chaFebruary 13: Algeria, Belarus, Bolivia, China, Cuba, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, South Africa, Venezuela neVietnam. Nekudaro, kubva pareshiyo yechina kune imwe muboka rinopokana-kana-kurega pasi peBRICS iripo, reshiyo ingangochinja kubva pa2023 kuenda pa13.
Kana zviri izvo zvinganzi ndeechokwadi, mademokrasi asingarambiki, kune chaizvo chete Argentina, Bolivia neHonduras, inobatana neBrazil neSouth Africa. Nechikonzero chakanaka, kwave netsika - inokwana makumi maviri nerimwest-century - yakasiya hukama nevamiriri veBRICS + Bolivia, Cuba, Palestine neVenezuela, kunyangwe iyo yekupedzisira yadzikira mukufambira mberi mukati memakore gumi kubva pakufa kwaHugo Chavez, uyezve kune kwasara kushuva kwasara kwema1960-nguva yekurwisa koloni. yeAlgeria neVietnam.
Zvekunetsa, zvakare, idzo dzinoita hutongi dzakashanda kwenguva yakareba mukati meWestern sphere yesimba: Indonesia, Kuwait, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Thailand uye UAE. Argentina inogona kujoinha matinji avo kana sarudzo yaGumiguru ikaguma nemukundi wemhando yeBolsonaro (Javier Milei). Dzimwe dzekuchinja kwavo mukuvimbika kubva kuMadokero kuenda kuBRICS, mune yega yega, inodzoreredzwa zvichienderana neiyo geopolitical conjuncture.
Uye mune zvakawanda, iyo ine njodzi yakanyanya kuchengetedza yeinogona bloc nyowani ndiyo inoshamisa dhigirii iyo vavhoti vari. carbon addicted. Yazvino data yekuenzanisa kubva muna 2021 inoratidza kuti kwete chete iyo inoburitsa yekuzvifarira ichakwira, ko neIran, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Kazakhstan, Egypt neUAE ichiwedzera 3.375 bhiriyoni matani epagore CO2 kubva kusimba neindasitiri, kune iripo BRICS bloc's 16.9 bhiriyoni matani. Kune, nekuwedzera, dzimwe nyika dzakakwikwidza dzine mari yekunze inobva kumafuta negesi: Algeria, Argentina, Bahrain, Kuwait, Nigeria, Senegal, neVenezuela.
Zvakadaro mukuita kwekuwedzera, yakajairwa kutaura-kuruboshwe kufamba-kurudyi diplomacy inogona kutarisirwa. Sezvo Pandor akazvipira, "Chokwadi ndingazvidzivirira kubva kune chero nzira yekuwedzera iyo ingatitungamira munzira iyo isu tinowedzera mhirizhonga munharaunda yepasi rose kana chero chikamu chenyika."
Kudzokera kubva kushanduko dzepasi rose - sezvakaita BRICS' sub-imperial basa
Tichifunga mibatanidzwa isina kugadzikana uye muunganidzwa wemotley wenhengo dzevamiriri, kana iyo BRICS iripo kana BRICS + bloc inogona kutora danho rakanangana nehurongwa hwepasirese hwavanowanzo taura nezvahwo. Semuyenzaniso, zvirevo zvemusangano weBRICS zvinowanzo tsanangura zvishuwo zvekuvandudzwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, pamwe nehurongwa hunogona kuitika hwekubatana kwemasangano, kwezvokurapa uye kwemari uko kwaisazovimba nenyika dzekuMadokero. Asi migumisiro yacho haigutsi.
Imwe nyaya iri pachena yaive denda rekuvandudza vaccine, yakakosha muna 2020-22 apo Covid-19 akauraya pakati pemamiriyoni manomwe (yehurumende) nevanhu 7 miriyoni, zvichienderana '.kufa kwakanyanya' fungidziro (iyo muIndia, Brazil neSouth Africa yakaverengera kanenge katatu nhamba yekufa kwepamutemo). Uye zvakadaro apo iyo 2018 Johannesburg Summit akapikira nzvimbo yekudzivirira yeBRICS yakavakirwa muguta iro, asi iyo chete materialized mune tokenistic, virtual mode munaKurume 2022.
Mibvunzo yakasara pamusoro pe efficacy yeChinese neRussia majekiseni mukuenzanisa neWest's mRNA tekinoroji (South Africa kunyangwe kubvumidzwa Sputnik nekuda kwenjodzi kune vanhu vanorarama neHIV/AIDS). Ipapo kwaiva nefarious US state-inotsigirwa (uye kubva 2014-17 kurambidzwa) Chinese "kuwana basa" tsvagiridzo yakamiririra Big Pharmaccorps. Mushure mekunge VaTrump vatora masimba muna 2017, izvi zvakatangwazve muWuhan - mune “Leky” rabhoritari - nokuti biohazards dzainzi dzine ngozi zvikuru yeNorth Carolina's Research Triangle saiti. MaChinese marekodhi eongororo yeWuhan - uye yezvekutanga nyaya dzehurwere dzakaitika murabhu mukupera kwa2019 - zvinoramba zvisingagoneke kuwana, asi hukama uhu hunoratidzika, zvakare, hunoratidza tenzi uye sub-imperial serf.
Rimwe basa rehutongi nderekutevedzera marongero emari epasi rose. Nekudaro, tarisiro dzenhema dzechokwadi dzeBRICS dzimwe nzira dzesimba rehupfumi hwenyika dzakawanda dzakabva mukushungurudzwa neInternational Monetary Fund kutonga kwenyika dzine urombo uye kuisa dzidziso dzeneoliberalism, kuomesera uye privatization - pasina kupikisa kwechokwadi kweBRICS:
- simba IMF, nekumanikidza vanokwereta veBRICS avo vaida kuwana zvinopfuura makumi matatu kubva muzana ezvavakwereta (semuSouth Africa mabhiriyoni matatu emadhora) kuti vatange vasayina kuchirongwa cheIMF chekugadzirisa, zvichisimudzira kuwedzera kwemari yeWashington.
- akaenda kuIMF, kwete CRA - saka 'imwe nzira' iyoyo haina kungoshambadzwa zvenhema chete, asi inongowanikwa pabepa.
Muchidimbu, mushure memakore gumi umo – kubvira kuDurban 2013 BRICS summit – mari yebudiriro yepasi rose yanga iri pamusoro pechirongwa chevatungamiri, huzivi hwezvehupfumi hwepasi rose hwe'Washington Consensus' hausati hwachinja. Kanawo maBretton Woods Institutions 'anopambadza maitiro ekukweretesa.
Iwo ecology- uye anoparadza magariro - uye nehuwori - maitiro zvakare pachena mukubudirira kukuru kweBRICS, Bhanga Idzva Rekuvandudza (NDB), iro senge CRA, rakakurumidza kuve mubatanidzwa weWorld Bank.
Saizvozvo, neaimbova mutungamiri Dilma Rousseff achangobva kugadzwa semutungamiri weBRICS NDB, yaive chiratidzo chenguva pana 26 Chikunguru 2023 kuti, achangobva kusangana naPutin, iye tweeted, "NDB yakadzokorora kuti haisi kuronga mapurojekiti matsva muRussia uye inoshanda ichitevedzera zvisungo zvinoshanda pamisika yezvemari nemisika yemari. Kufungidzira kupi nokupi panhau yakadaro hakuna maturo.” Iyewo akazvipira kungoita 30% yenzvimbo yechikwereti chechikwereti panosvika gore ra2030, chinangwa chekuchengetedza zvakanyanya zvisinei nekukuvadzwa kwakaitwa nezvikwereti zvemari yakaoma.
Pakange paine hype yakakura nezve mukana wekuchinja kubva mudhora rehegemony, nezvikonzero zvakanaka:
Pakazosvika 2023 vatsoropodzi vekuwedzera kwemadhora vakaona kuti mbiri dzehurumende yeUnited States yakabhuroka zvikuru-yakamboita 2023 kutanga kwaXNUMX. Muna Kukadzi, mutori wenhau weBrazil Pepe Escobar. musoro tweet ine mukurumbira, "BRICS IT UP, BABY" nekuti "Kana China, Russia neIndia vakabvumirana pamari inotsigirwa negoridhe, ndiko kupera kwefiat dollar… Mari itsva inozokonzera kushomeka kweakaundi yeUS - $18 trillion - kukanganisa dollar."
Asi manyepo akadai akange asiri echokwadi, saka muna Chikumi, mushure mekuungana kwemakurukota ekunze eBRICS, kumukira kwemari kwakavapo. squelched nemumiriri weSouth Africa, Anil Sooklal: “Hatina kumbotaura nezvekubvisa dhora. Zvatakaita, izvo zvisiri zvitsva, takasaina chibvumirano makore akati wandei apfuura, chibvumirano cheinterbank, chichigadzira nzira yekutengeserana nemari yeko. Asi iyo yekupedzisira ichave yakaoma kuenda, nekuda kwekusaenzana kukuru kwekutengeserana mukati meBRICS, pamwe nekutonga kwakasimba kweChinese neIndia izvo zvinoita kuti kudzorera mari yekutengeserana kunetse.
Saka, Escobar zvakanyanya kungwara akafanotaura mukutanga kwaNyamavhuvhu, “BRICS haisi kuzozivisa mari itsva muSouth Africa, kutanga nekuti havasati vatombodzidza nezve. Hazviite. Chechipiri, nekuti haugone kutanga mari nyowani saizvozvo. Inzira inogona kutora nguva yakareba semakore gumi. Zvavari kuita uye zvavachatanga kuvandudza, kugadzirisa kutengeserana vachishandisa mari dzavo dzenhengo dzeBRICS, vowedzera kuBRICS +.
Escobar Yakataurwa zvinogona kutora makore gumi kuti zvigadzirwe uye zvobva zvasanganisira, “pamwe, mari itsva inozova mari yekutengeserana kwete mari yakaita senge, semuenzaniso, Euro kana British pound. Chimwe chinhu chakasiyana zvachose: dhizaini yekugadzirisa inokwanisa kudarika iyo US dollar ecosystem iyo, iwe unoziva, iri pasirese. Zvakaoma zvikuru kutiza.”
Saizvozvo, Vijay Prashad weDelhi-based Tricontinental Institute akabvuma kumusangano wepaUniversity yeJohannesburg muna Nyamavhuvhu: “Hapana munhu iye zvino anoda kutsiva dhora. Ndakabvunza vanhu vePeople's Bank of China, 'renminbi ichatsiva dhora here?' Havasi kuzozviita. Sei? Nekuti maChinese anozvitutumadza nekutonga mari uye kutonga mari yavo. "
Ndiyo pfungwa yakakosha zvikuru, yakapihwa kugona kweChina kunonoka kubhururuka kwemari mushure mekuparara kwemusika wemasheya wa2015-16 uchishandisa zvidzoreso izvo, uye kurambidzwa kwayo kunorumbidzwa kwemari yekriptoval.
Prashad akabvunza, "Tichapinda muchikamu chekuti tine tswanda yemari? Munoziva, pamwe yave nguva refu iri kuuya, saka vanhu vari kufara pamhepo nezve dedollarization vanofanira kudzikama. "
Izvo zvinonzi goridhe bugs uye vamwe vanofarira veBRICS vanogona anti-imperial hunyanzvi hunofanirwa kucherekedza kuti vatongi vanochengetedza zvakanyanya munharaunda dzese dziri mumapazi ezvemari nemabhanga makuru - uye maBRICS ndiwo akasiyana.
Uye ndiri pamusangano kumaruwa eChina kusiri kure nemuganhu weMongolia musi waNyamavhuvhu 18, ndakapfuura nemhiri kwaJustin Lin, kwete chete aimbove (2008-12) World Bank Chief Economist, asi mumwe wevaongorori vezvematongerwo enyika. Ndakabvunza kana paine chero mumatunhu ake akange ataura chero chinangwa chekuti renmimbi itsive dhora, ingave iri tandem neRuble, rupee, rand uye chaiyo - uye akangodzungudza musoro.
Kusamira kweBRICS kurwisa hwaro hwesimba remari hwema imperialism kunofanira kunge kusingashamisi, nekuti kana zvakadaro, kusanganisira UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - kutanga muna 2009 kumusangano weCopenhagen uko Barack Obama. akabatanidzwa Lula, Wen Jiabao, Manhoman Singh naJacob Zuma status quo-chibvumirano chavakazoisa kune wese wese - iyo BRICS yakapedza ma2010s ichitamba mu uye kwete kumukira kupesana, iyo inonzi Washington-Brussels-London-Tokyo 'unipolar' order.
Iyo G20 - iyo munaGunyana 9-10 ichaitwa naModi muDelhi - ndiyo inonzwisisika saiti yekusanganiswa uku, kunyanya kupihwa kwaakaita nguva pfupi yadarika naBiden naEmmanuel Macron (uyo mwedzi wapfuura akakumbira kubvumidzwa kupinda mumusangano weBRICS uye zvakarambwa). Nekudaro, chekutanga, nzira yekutaura-kuruboshwe-kurudyi mukati meBRICS inhanho yakakosha, sezvo zviitiko muJohannesburg zvichasimbisa.
(Musi waNyamavhuvhu 21-22, webinar yeJohannesburg yekuongorora uye muratidziri anodzidzisa-mukati achatungamira kuratidzira padyo nenzvimbo yemusangano weBRICS musi wa23 Nyamavhuvhu; BRICS kubva Pazasi webhusaiti.)
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