Vashandi vekuSouth Africa vanogadzirira kutambira BRICS
Pasi rose, masangano evashandi ari pasi pekutyisidzirwa kusati kwamboitika, sezvakangoonekwa muUnited States mukutonga kwaJanus vs. AFSCME Supreme Court iyo inoshora kufamba kwakare kusimba kwevashandi kwesimba rehurumende nemari. Saka, tariro yesangano yevanhu vanoshanda iri papi?
Kugona kukuru kwekushanda pasi rose kungave rimwe zuva mukati meboka guru revashandi rakasanganiswa: Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa (BRICS) bloc. Vatungamiri venyika dzeBRICS vanosangana muJohannesburg kubva munaChikunguru 25-27 uye vakuru vevashandi vanoungana muDurban svondo rinotevera. Kubva 2012, BRICS Trade Union Forum (BTUF) yakaunza vatungamiri vevashandi pamwe chete, vachiedza kufamba munzvimbo yakaoma zvikuru vachishandisa nzira inogara ichichinja.
Nehurombo, zvave kuve pachena kuti munzira iyi, vatungamiriri veBTUF vanotambura nedambudziko rinozivikanwa: kusaina kuruboshwe uchityaira mota yakananga kurudyi, sezvo pasi pemotokari inoramba ichichinja. Kuti BTUF isvike panzvimbo yaidiwa zvingada kugadziriswa kukuru mukufamba, vafambi vatsva uye mafambiro akasiyana.
Pakazere, nhengo yeBTUF haina kuenzana mumakirasi ekushanda eBRICS. Hukuru hwakakwana hwenhengo yemubatanidzwa uye kuwanda kwevashandi (kureva chikamu chezana chevashandi vakabatanidzwa) kunosiyana, nenhamba huru dzeChina dzinoratidza vashandi' dzinowanzoomesa chimiro che'mubatanidzwa wekambani':
+ China: mamiriyoni 240; 90% yevashandi
+ India: mamiriyoni 87; 33% yevashandi
+ Russia: mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemana; 24% yevashandi
+ South Africa: mamiriyoni 3.3; 30% yevashandi
+ Brazil: mamiriyoni gumi nemanomwe; 17% yevashandi
Masangano eSouth Africa eBTUF akabatana neCongress of SA Trade Unions (Cosatu), akabatana nebato riri kutonga reAfrican National Congress (ANC) kubva kuma1980, rine nhengo miriyoni imwe nemazana manomwe; iyo yagara ichinyanya kuchengetedza (uye yekare chena) Federation of Democratic Unions of SA (Fedusa), ine mazana manomwe ezviuru; uye National Council of Trade Unions (Nactu), iyo ine rhetoric yepan-Africanist asi ichitambura zvakanyanya. kukakavara mukati, pamwe ne260,000.
unhengo nhamba dzinopera uye dzinoyerera. Kunze kweFedusa iyo yakahwina mubatanidzwa wehurumende gore rapfuura, vese varasikirwa nerutsigiro. Mushure meKuuraiwa kwakaipisisa kweMarikana muna 2012 kwevashandi vemumigodhi yeplatinum yeLonmin makumi matatu nevana vakanga vari pakuramwa mabasa, National Union of Mineworkers (Num) yeCosatu yakasiya huzhinji hwayo.pasi kubva pa300,000 kusvika ku187,000) kuenda kuAssociation of Mineworkers and Construction Union (250,000 vashandi).
Kunyangwe ikakamurwa uye ikashayiwa simba, South Africa ingangove inove yakasimukira uye yakabatana yemubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa weBRICS, uye inozvirova dundundu nevamiriri vemauto. Zvakadaro nekuda kwekukwikwidzana kwemukati kunotevera misiyano yepfungwa nehurongwa, BTUF haisanganisire SA Federation of Trade Unions (Saftu) nenhengo dzayo 680,000.
Saftu yakaumbwa gore rapfuura, mushure mekunge mutungamiri weCosatu, VaZwelinzima Vavi, pamwe nesangano reNational Union of Metalworkers of SA (Numsa) raiva nevarwi zviuru mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu, vakadzingwa, kuchiteverwa neFood and Allied Workers Union (ine nhengo 350,000 130,000) nevamwe vashoma. Chikonzero chaive chakasimba cheSaftu kushorwa kuANC neoliberalism nehuwori hwenyika kupfuura nhengo dzakavimbika dzeCosatu, panguva yaitungamirwa naNum.
Saftu haina kubatanidzwa muBTUF nezvikonzero zvisiri izvo: haisati yapinzwa muNational Economic Development and Labor Council (Nedlac), sangano remakambani rinopokana nevatsoropodzi i'chitoyi foni,' kazhinji hazvirevi.
SeCosatu pachayo akanyeverwa muna 2016, "Hurumende inoramba ichiramba uye kukanganisa Nedlac nekutumira vakuru vakuru vasina masimba ekuita sarudzo, nepo bhizinesi hombe richiramba richibata Nedlac sechikuva, kwavanofunga kuti vanogona kuenda kunopa hurukuro uye kusaita. Tichavhara Nedlac kana vadyidzani ava vakaramba vachikanganisa nekuikanganisa nenzira iyi. "
Zvisineyi, kutyityidzira kwakadai, Cosatu inoramba yakazvipira kuvaka Nedlac uye nekudaro, kurambwa kweSaftu - kunyanya kwemutungamiri wayo Vavi nemubatanidzwa wevashandi vesimbi weSaftu (mubatanidzwa mukuru weSouth Africa kusvika parizvino) unotungamirwa naIrvin Jim - unoshandura dzidziso yeBTUF zvakanyanya. zvakawanda kusvika pakati. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo BTUF inogona kuchengetedza yayo chinzvimbo kwakabva nzira, zvisinei kuti izvi zvine ngozi sei kune nhengo, nzanga uye zvakatipoteredza.
Nzira yekuenda mberi ingori kuenderera mberi kwemisangano yegore negore umo vashandi vevashandi vanotsigira bhizinesi-semazuva ese BRICS ajenda, kunyangwe shanduko huru dziri kuitika mune geopolitics, hupfumi uye zvakatipoteredza - zvinenge zvese zvinokanganisa vashandi, nzanga yakafara uye zvakasikwa. zvakatipoteredza.
Imwe nzira ingave yekutarisana nekupokana uku mberi, uye kutevera hukuru hwezvitoro uye kubatana kwepasi. Musi waChikunguru 21-22, kupera kwesvondo pamberi pemusangano weBTUF uye kwasara chinguva musangano wevatungamiri veBRICS usati waitwa, Saftu ichaunganidza zviuru nezviuru zvenhengo dzayo pamwe nemasangano akazvimirira ega kumusangano weVashandi, uyo uchaburitsa pachena zviri pachena bumbiro remitemo uye kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika. mamwe masangano.
Semuyenzaniso, muna Kubvumbi, Saftu yakaisa makumi ezviuru zvevashandi mumigwagwa vachipesana nemuhoro wepasi - mumwe achitsigirwa zvakasimba nemamwe masangano matatu asi ari pakati pe$0.80-$1.50/awa, kureva, 'paltry' sekutaura kwaVavi. (The musoro mutsara wehurombo i$110/munhu/mwedzi.) Zvisinei, pane dzimwe nguva zviratidzo zvezvingangoitika zvekubatana pakati pemasangano akarerekera kuruboshwe.
Kuramba kwepasi kwakadai kwakaonekwa pakati paChikumi, makumi ezviuru zvevashandi vemumigodhi veNumsa nevapfuri vesimbi veNumsa pakambani yeEskom yeparastatal vakaratidzira - zvinodaro kushandisa kutyisidzira uye 'kuparadza' - zvakakwana kuti pave nekudzima kwemagetsi munyika. Chinangwa chemasangano aya chaive chekuzvidza Eskom yainge yapihwa 0% yemuhoro (inflation inosvika 4.5%), uye vakabva vabudirira kuwana chimwe chinhu chiri pamusoro pe6.5%. Chikwata cheCapitalist cheSouth Africa chaioneka unnerved nekuratidzwa kwesimba uku, muenzaniso unogona kunyange tungamira Kuyananisa Num-Numsa, sezvo vatungamiri veNumsa vakakunda zvikuru masimba pagungano ravo resarudzo.
Zvakare, Num yave kutyisidzira kumisa rutsigiro rwesarudzo kuANC uye kuiendesa kuSA Communist Party (SACP), bato pacharo riri kuzeya nyaya yekuti ripinde musarudzo dzemuna 2019 senzira yekumanikidza kuti mutungamiri weSA nemutungamiri weANC, VaCyril Ramaphosa vawedzere. zvinogoneka kune zvazvinoda. SACP yatove nezvigaro zvecabinet, asi mitemo yeANC ichiri neoliberal. (Zvichangoburwa zvinosanganisira dzidzo yemahara yepamusoro-soro yakahwinwa kuburikidza nehondo dzakasimba dzevadzidzi, "kutorwa kweminda pasina muripo" - kusvika pari zvino zvakanyanyisa kupfuura zvechokwadi - uye chirongwa cheNational Health Insurance chinoratidzika sechisina mari.)
BTUF basa rinoramba rakadzvinyirirwa, rakashandiswa zvakanyanya asi (zvisina kuenzana) varwi
Izvi zvinoonekwawo pamusha, nekuti mune dzimwe nyika dzeBRICS, sangano revashandi harina kusimba, semuenzaniso China, inoratidzirwa nekutonga kwenyika, kushaikwa kwekuzvitonga, rusaruro rwevashandi vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika, mihoro yakaderera uye kuramwa kwemusango (kazhinji kunodzvinyirirwa). Mamiriro ezvinhu ari kuwedzera kuipa nekuda kwehunyanzvi hutsva uye nerusununguko rushoma rwekuronga.
Iyo 2018 International Trade Union Congress Global Rights Index ine South Africa iri pachinhanho chechipiri chenyika umo vashandi vakawana kodzero dzekutanga (kureva, pakati pemakumi matatu nemasere epasi rose), kudzikira kubva muna 38 payaive muboka repamusoro, pamwe chete neEuropean social democracies. Inotevera iRussia, iri pachinhano chechitatu chenyika, kureva kuti, yakatarisana โnekutyorwa kwekodzero nguva dzose,โ ichiteverwa neBrazil iri pachinzvimbo chechina, neโkutyorwa kwayo kwakarongeka.โ Boka rakaipisisa - kusanganisira China neIndia - rakanyorwa senyika "isina vimbiso yekodzero."
Imwe mhedzisiro idanho rakaderera remuhoro wakakwana muBRICS, inoratidzwa mukati mechikamu. nyaya yokudzidza: indasitiri yemachira. Muna 2011, vashandi vekuSouth Africa vemicheka vakapihwa โฌ3.8/awa, zvichienzaniswa ne โฌ2.8 kuBrazil, โฌ0.8 mumhenderekedzo yeChina, โฌ0.7 kuIndia uye โฌ0.5 mukati menyika yeChina (muhoro wepakati munyika dzakapfuma waiva โฌ16.8/awa, asi mihoro yakaderera ichiri kuripo munzvimbo dzine matura evashandi akadai seVietnam neBangladesh, paโฌ 0.3/awa).
Pundutso inokwidza kukosha kweketani, kune varidzi vekodzero uye mamaneja emhando kazhinji muGlobal North, seDhipatimendi reUN reEconomic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) mazwi, โKunyange mubhachi rakapfava, zvinhu zvinoumba muviri, zvinosanganisira basa, jira, lining, mabhatani, misoro yemaoko, mapendekete epafudzi, mavara uye ma<em>hangtag, anoita 9% chete yemutengo; iyo yasara 91% yehukoshi ndeyezvinhu zvisingabatike, zvinosanganisira huwandu hwakawanda hwesevhisi sekutengesa, kutakura zvinhu, kubhengi nekushambadzira.
Mune mamwe mazwi, mukati mechikamu chenyika chakaomesesa chevashandi chinoratidzwa nemaketani epasi rose, simba remakambani anodzora kumusoro kwevalue-cheni zvikamu zvinoreva kuti hupfumi hweBRICS nehinterland huri kuramba huchitambura kubva. super-exploitative process: mwero wemuhoro unowanzova wakaderera pane mutengo wekubereka-simba revashandi.
Semuenzaniso, hurongwa hweBantustan hwekuSouth Africa hwakanga hwakafanana nehukama hwevashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vakasiya kuchengeta vana, vashandi vanorwara uye vakasiya basa sebasa revakadzi vari kure kure, vasina kana rutsigiro rwenyika. Iyi nzira yekutama kwemukati inowanzoitika nekuti inobatsira zvakanyanya, kana mushandirwi asingatakure mutengo uzere wekuberekana munharaunda. Hurongwa hwakadai hunoratidza vashandi kumahombekombe ekumabvazuva kweChina, pamwe nenzvimbo dzakaita seMarikana uko vashandi vemumigodhi vakaurayiwa muna 2012 vese vaive vabvakure.
Nekuda kwemuhoro wakaderera unobhadharwa kune vazhinji vevashandi veBRICS, kupinza kwevashandi muGDP kwakadzikira. Muzvizhinji zvezvishanu (kunze kweSouth Africa), nguva yazvino (2011-15) yakaona kudzikira kwekupa kwevashandi kuGDP, according kuUN DESA. Fixed capital investments iyo yaizosimudza goho revashandi yave isina kusimba. Panzvimbo peinouya Yekunze Direct Investment inotora mukana wekusiyana kwemuhoro, makore achangopfuura akaona kushoma mari-yakadzika mari.
Chimwe chinhu chekuwedzera mukubudirira kwevashandi kusimba kwevashandi. Imwe nzira yekuyera nayo hukama hwebhizimisi nevashandi iWorld Economic Forum (WEF) rondedzero yegore negore - zvichibva pakuvhota vatungamiri vemabhizimisi zviuru gumi nezvina kubva muhupfumi 14,000 - yekudyidzana kweshopfloor pakawanda kubva 'kutarisana' kusvika kune 'kubatira pamwe' kwakawanda. Muna 137-2017 Global Competitiveness Report, zvitatu zveBRICS - South Africa, Brazil neRussia - Rated pakati pevatatu vanonetsana zvikuru vevashandi venyika.
Chokwadi, South Africa yakamira seine mauto epasi rose ane mhirizhonga kubva muna 2012, gore reMarikana Massacre. Mamwe maviri eBRICS, India neChina, anoyerwa seane pakati pehafu yepasi rose inobatira pamwe yevashandi venyika.
WEF mauto chinzvimbo
+ South Africa: 1
+ Brazil: 32
+ Russia: 48
+ India: 82
+ China: 88
Ehe, iyo inofungidzirwa yepakati-chikamu 'kubatana' mune mbiri hombe BRICS inogona kuvanza homwe dzakasimba dzemauto evashandi: muChina kune. zviuru zvakawanda kurohwa kwemhuka zvisiri pamutemo pagore, uye muIndia munaGunyana 2016 kwaive ne kuramwa mabasa kwenyika yevashandi vanofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni 180, vakurusa munhau yenyika.
Pane musiyano wakanyanya mune izvi zviitiko zvebasa zveBRICS, zvichikonzera kusaenzana uye kusiyana kwemasangano evashandi nemubatanidzwa. Zvakadaro, maitiro epasirese ari kuunza vashandi veBRICS mukuwirirana, kunyanya kuwedzera kukanganisa uye 4.thIndustrial Revolution's tekinoroji kutamiswa kwevashandi, pamwe nekukura kwekutarisa uye kutyisidzira kuvanzika.
Vashandi vanoda insourcing uye 4thzveindasitiri Kaunda-chimurenga
The 4th Shanduko yemaindasitiri - kubatanidza kufambira mberi kwecybertech, marobhoti, Artificial Intelligence (AI), nanotechnology, biotechnology, nezvimwe - ndiro dingindira guru mumusangano we2018 BRICS. Sezvingatarisirwa, rhetoric yepamutemo yakadzikisira mukana wekushaikwa kwebasa rakakura, yakawedzera huinjiniya hwemagariro uye e-totalitarianism senge China 'kiredhiti munharaunda,' kana njodzi dzetekinoroji dzerudzi rwunotarisirwa kana AI nerobhoti zvabatanidzwa.
Mukutaura kwavo kwepamutemo kweBTUF, masangano evashandi akakumbira vatungamiriri kuti vabatsire mu "de-monopolisation yemusika wepasi rose wesoftware uye IT-midziyo, internet infrastructure management" (2016). Izvi zvakavakirwa pakushoropodzwa kwesimba re tech-corporate simba, uye zvaive zvakanyanyokodzera muIndia kubva kwakabva sarudzo. Muna 2017, zvakadaro, "Tinokumbira kuhurumende dzeBRICS kuti dzitore mikana yakaunzwa neshanduko nyowani yemaindasitiri nehupfumi hwedhijitari" - zvakadaro BTUF yakatadza kuona njodzi dzakawanda dzakabatana.
Kupokana nemaitiro aya, kuramba kutariswa, robotisation uye casualization hazvigoneke. KuSouth Africa kwaive ne kuchema nemubatanidzwa wemabhanga weCosatu weSouth African Society of Bank Officials muna 2018 vachipesana nebhanga guru (Nedbank) nehurongwa hwaro hwekutsiva vashandi 3000 nemarobhoti mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu.
Zvakanyanya kubudirira ndezvomushandirapamwe muna 2015 we'kutsvaga' kwezviuru zvevashandi vekumayunivhesiti munyika yose, zvichikonzera kukwira kwemaricho nezvikamu zviviri kana zvina. (Zvinosuruvarisa kuti kwainyanya kurwira kodzero dzevadzidzi ndiko kwakakunda kudiwa uku, nemibatanidzwa mizhinji isipo #FeesMustFall uye #OutsourcingMustFall campus inotamburira.)
Zvakadaro, zvisungo zvesangano revashandi remuSouth Africa zvekurambidza kutorwa kwemabasa mumapazi ose zvakarambwa neANC. Masangano ane mhirizhonga akawanda, anosanganisira kwete eSaftu chete asi mamwewo muCosatu, akarasikirwa nedanidziro dzekuti vechidiki vapinzwe mari shoma muna 2015, uye vachipesana nemutemo mutsva wevashandi unosanganisira kudzikisira mashandiro emasangano ekuramwa mabasa.
Iyo inonyanya kukosha yepamutemo yekona ye4thIndustrial Revolution ipfuma yemakambani, uye kuparadzwa kwekodzero dzekutengesa idzi dzaishandiswa kumishonga yakakosha chaivewo chinangwa chevashandi vekuSouth Africa mukutanga kwema2000, panyaya yeBig Pharma kutonga kwemishonga yeAIDS. Sezvo kuitirwa chiseko cheHIV+ zvizvarwa zveSouth Africa kwainge kwanyanya, Vavi nevashandi veCosatu vakaumba hushingi. kubatana neTreatment Action Campaign (TAC), ichida mishonga yemahara kuvanhu vanodarika mamiriyoni mashanu vakabatwa nechirwere ichi.
Kunyange hazvo chirongwa ichi chakakanganisa hukama nemutungamiri wenyika panguva iyoyo, Thabo Mbeki, uyo akanga asingarambi AIDS, vadyidzani vedzimwe nyika vakabatana neTAC neCosatu kuti vawane mukana wekusunungurwa paTrade Related Intellectual Property System muna 2001. Sezvo mishonga yakabva yasununguka kuburikidza nekupa kwaita makambani egeneric. , kuburikidza nemakiriniki ezvehutano ehurumende yeSouth Africa, tarisiro yehupenyu yakakwira kubva pamakumi mashanu nemaviri muna 52 kusvika pamakumi matanhatu nemana mumakore gumi nemaviri akatevera.
Uye mukurwisana neMutungamiriri wenyika, VaJacob Zuma, kwakagara makore mazhinji muna 2010, Cosatu (pamwe chete neOpposition to Urban Tolling Alliance) yakakanganisa hutongi hwehurumende uye kudyidzana kwePublic Private Partnerships - zvose zvakakoshera 4.thIndustrial Revolution - nekubudirira kwekuratidzira zvinopesana ne e-tolling mumigwagwa mikuru yeJohannesburg.
Mumishandirapamwe isati yahwinwa, masangano evashandi akashandawo pamwe chete nesangano reRight2Know, vachida data remahara uye nguva yemhepo kuitira kuti vawane kodzero yekutaurirana, uye kupikisa kuongororwa uye Big Data kutonga kwevanhu. R2K akagamuchirwa Kutsigira kwakakosha kweCosatu kuna VaZuma, kuramba vachikanganisa mutemo unonzi mutemo wekuvanzika (โProtection of State Informationโ bill) izvo zvingakanganisa kuridza muridzo.
Panguva iyoyo, muna 2011, masangano aipikisawo zvakasimba kutengeswa kwemashoko, kushaikwa kwekujeka, uye kumwe kutyisidzira kwakabatana ne4.thIndustrial Revolution. Vavi akabvumidzwa 1955 Freedom Charter: โMutemo uchavimbisa kodzero dzavo dzose dzokutaura, kuronga, kusangana pamwe chete, kuparidzira, kuparidza, kunamata nokudzidzisa vana vavoโฆ Pfuma yose yetsika dzevanhu ichazarurirwa vose, nokutsinhana pachena mabhuku, pfungwa uye kuonana nedzimwe nyika.โ
Zvose izvi zvinomiririra 4thzveindasitiri Kaunda-Revolution, umo ingangove yakakosha tekinoroji (semuenzaniso mishonga yeAIDS) inopihwa sechikamu chepasi rose, uye inoparadza Big Data uye nzira dzekutarisa zvinodzorwa kana kurambidzwa, pasi kumusoro.
Aya ndiwo mamwe ezviratidzo zvinonyanya kukurudzira zvekupikisa-simba. Asi mukati meBRICS, kana zvasvika kune nhaurirano nezve njodzi yekubuda kunze uye 4thIndustrial Revolution, zviratidzo zvakadaro zvakavharwa kusvika pakunyarara.
Chokwadi, pakuedza kusimudzira zvido zvevashandi pano uye mune dzinenge dzimwe hondo dzakakosha dzezvehupfumi nemagariro, rekodhi yekurevererwa kweBTUF nehutungamiriri hwemubatanidzwa wenyika dzevashandi munyika dzeBRICS inoratidza kuodza mwoyo kwakawanda kupfuura kubudirira.
Chikamu Chechipiri chinotarisa nzira dzeBTUF's 'social dialogue' mazano ekukurudzira mukati meBRICS anogona, zvinosuruvarisa, kuonekwa kwete semurindiri, asi sembwa.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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