Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu ehupfumi akaoma zvikuru mukutungamirira kune Dec. 6 National Assembly sarudzo muVenezuela (iyo yandakatsanangura munyaya yapfuura), hurumende yeMaduro neBolivarian revolution ikozvino vane zvinhu zvishomanana zvinoita kuti mamiriro acho asanyanya. isina kujeka sekufunga kunoita mumwe. Ini ndicharatidza iyi mamiriro epamba, kutanga, maererano nemaitiro ehurumende achangoburwa nemitemo, chechipiri, maererano nekufambira mberi kwevanhu muVenezuela uye, chechitatu, maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu nezviito zvevanopikisa.
Makiyi Azvino Matembo
Hapana mubvunzo kuti mamiriro ehupfumi nemagariro evanhu muVenezuela akaoma zvikuru panguva ino, nepamusoro-soro inflation kubva panguva Hugo Chavez akasarudzwa mutungamiri musi waDecember 6, 1998, kuperevedza nguva dzose kwe (inodzorwa nemitengo) yezvinhu zvekudya zvakakosha, uye kuwanda kwemhosva. Achiziva mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma aya, ayo hurumende inoti ndiwo mugumisiro we "hondo yehupfumi" kurwisana nehurumende, Mutungamiri Nicolas Maduro ave achiisa mitemo yakawanda yakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa dambudziko rekutonga kwake.
Zvichida kuedza kwakanyanya panyaya iyi kwakazvipira ku "Great Housing Mission," iyo kubva payakatangwa muna 2011 yakavaka dzimba dzinoda kusvika 850,000 muna Mbudzi 2015 uye inofanirwa kusvika miriyoni imwe chete pakupera kwa2015. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Hurumende yakakwanisa kuvaka avhareji yedzimba itsva dzinosvika 200,000 2000 pagore kubva pakatangwa basa iri, izvo zvinomiririra kuwedzera kwakapetwa katatu pane avhareji yegore ra2011-30 yedzimba dzakavakwa. Tichifunga kuti avhareji mhuri yeVenezuela ine nhengo shanu, izvi zvinoreva kuti vanopfuura mamirioni mashanu veVenezuela vachabatsirikana nechirongwa chedzimba mukupera kwegore - nhamba isingakoshi kana ukafunga kuti iyi inomiririra chikamu chimwe muzvitanhatu chevagari veVenezuela vanosvika makumi matatu. mamiriyoni.
Chechipiri chikuru kuedza kurwisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma yaive nhevedzano yemitemo yekudzora inflation, iyo yaakapa muna Gumiguru wegore rino. Mukati mehutungamiri hwake hwemakore maviri nehafu, Mutungamiri Maduro akatotanga kuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana kumitemo yake yehupfumi kuitira kuti awane inflation uye kushomeka pasi pekutonga. Kudzoka munaFebruary, semuenzaniso, Maduro akazivisa nhevedzano yezviyero izvo zvaifanira kuita kuti imwe yepamusoro yepamutemo yekutsinhana mitengo iwanikwe kune veruzhinji uye izvo zvaizoita kuti musika mutema currency exchange iwedzere pamutemo. Zvakadaro, hapana yemitemo iyi yakakanganisa zvakanyanya matambudziko ekukwira kwemitengo uye kushomeka.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, hurumende yakazivisa muna Gumiguru kuti paizounzwa mari yakawanda yepamutemo. Rimwe rematambudziko makuru emamiriro ehupfumi aripo nderekuti vamwe vatengesi vanokwanisa kuita purofiti yakawandisa nekutenga zvinhu nemutengo wakaderera-unodzorwa nemutengo vozozvitengesa zvakare kakawanda mutengo iwoyo. Kana kuti, vanopinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika vachishandisa imwe yenzira dzepasi dzechitsinhano chemari, izvo zvinoita kuti kutengwa kwacho kudhure zvakanyanya kwavari, asi vobva vatengesa zvinhu zvakadaro nemutengo unoratidza mutengo wakaverengerwa musika wekumashure wekuchinjana, nekudaro vachiita purofiti yakawandisa. . Matanho matsva ehupfumi nekudaro anoongorora mitengo chaiyo yezvese zvinotengeswa muVenezuela, uye nekuisa purofiti pamakumi matatu muzana emutengo wepakutanga.
Kunyangwe aya matanho matsva aiperekedzwa nezvirango zvakakwirisa kune vanotyora purofiti nyowani, kusvika parizvino zvinoita sekunge chiyero hachitevedzerwe. Inflation ichiri pamusoro pemazinga anoshivirira (anopfuura 160 kusvika 200 muzana muna 2015) uye, kana mimwe mishumo yeanecdotal ichigoneka, vatengesi vari kuenda kumisika mitema zvakatowanda, vachinyima zvitoro zvakatowanda. Chimwe chingangove chikonzero chekuti matanho matsva aya haana kuita zvakawanda (zvakadaro?) ndechekuti kutarisa mitengo uye purofiti yezvese zvigadzirwa nevatengesi muVenezuela ibasa risingaite kuti hurumende yeVenezuela iite. Muchidimbu, iyi yechipiri nzvimbo yemitemo haisati iine maitiro akanaka pamamiriro ehupfumi.
Kuedza kwechitatu kukuru kwegwaro ra2015 kwave kuri munharaunda yekurwisa kuparwa kwemhosva, paine chirongwa chitsva chakanzi, “Operation Liberation and Protection of the People” (OLP), icho chakatangwa muna Chikunguru wegore rino. Mune dzimwe nzira chirongwa ichi chinomiririra mauto ekurwa kwematsotsi, sezvo ichisanganisira kurwiswa kwakakura munzvimbo dzine hutsotsi hwakanyanya, isingashandisi mapurisa chete, asiwo National Guard. Hurumende yainzwa zvakajeka kuti zano remauto rave kudiwa, kwete chete nekuda kwekuwanda kwehutsotsi hwakarongeka hweColombia, asiwo nekuti huwandu hwehutsotsi hwakanyanya kuwedzera mugore rapfuura (zvimwe nekuda kwekuvapo kwemauto eColombia). Tichifunga nezvehuwandu hwekuparwa kwemhosva uye kuti matanho ekare ekudzikisa haana kushanda, vanhu vazhinji vekuVenezuela vanoita sevanotendera chirongwa cheOLP. Kana zvichizopinda mukuderedza mwero weutsotsi, kunyange zvakadaro, zvichiri kukurumidza kutaura.
Kunze kwenzvimbo nhatu idzi huru dzedzimba, mutemo wehupfumi, uye kurwisa kuparwa kwemhosva, hurumende iri kuenderera mberi - padanho rakafanana nerekare - zvirongwa zvese zvehurumende yeChavez, inozivikanwa semisheni, senge munzvimbo dzedzidzo, inopihwa rubatsiro. chikafu, hutano hwehutano munharaunda, uye kuwedzera kwekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu, pakati pezvimwe zvirongwa. Zviri pachena kuti kusanganiswa kwezvirongwa zvose izvi ndiko kwaramba kuine mukurumbira wehurumende zvisinei nekuoma kuri kuita hupfumi hwenyika pari zvino.
Mafambiro Akakurumbira uye Masangano
Rimwe remasimba makuru eBolivarian revolution kubatanidzwa kwemafambisirwo akakurumbira uye masangano. Kunyangwe hazvo Venezuela isina kumbove nekufamba kwakasimba kwakasimba, kune dzimwe nyika dziri muLatin America, dzakaita seBolivia, hurumende yeChavez yakabuda mukufamba kunofambira mberi (ona nhoroondo yaGeorge Ciccariello-Maher yakanakisa yeVenezuela: We Created Chavez). Masangano aya, mazhinji, achiri kutsigira hurumende, zvisineyi nekushoropodzwa kwavari kuitwa nehurumende nenyaya yekuoma kwakaita zvinhu munyaya dzezvehupfumi.
Panguva yehutungamiriri hwaChavez masangano aya akasimbiswa nekuda kwezvirongwa zvehurumende zvekuwedzera nekuvhura nzvimbo dzekupinda kwavo muzvirongwa zvehurumende zvemagariro evanhu, nhepfenyuro dzenharaunda, uye kuburikidza nemakanzuru nemakominisi (anova mapoka emakomisheni). Chokwadi, kwave kune kumwe kupindira kwehurumende, asi izvi zvakaramba kuedza kwakadaro, zvichiita kuti pave nekukakavadzana uye kufungirana pakati pehurumende nemapoka evanhu. Zvakadaro, zvisinei nekunetsana uku, mativi ese ari pachena kuti anoda rutsigiro rwemumwe nemumwe uye kuti kudzikisira kana kutyora zvigaro panguva ino kunongobatsira mukukunda kwevanopikisa, izvo zvingave zvakaipa kune mativi ese.
Mushandirapamwe mutsva uchangotanga, unozivikanwa se "Every Heartbeat Counts", iri mune dzimwe nzira dzakafanana nehukama hwehurumende-social. Inomiririra kuuya pamwechete kwemapoka enharaunda anopikisa makumi maviri, mazhinji acho ari etsika. Kune rimwe divi chirongwa ichi chiri pachena chirongwa chekutsigira vamiriri vehurumende vari kumirira National Assembly, asi zvakadaro yakazvimirira kubva kuhurumende uye inoda kuisundira kuruboshwe nekutsigira kusimbaradzwa kwemakanzuru nemakomisheni muVenezuela. . Zvinonetsa kutaura kuti chirongwa ichi chichaunza mutsauko here musarudzo iyi, asi rutsigiro rwakadzama rwavanopa kuhurumende runogona kuita mutsauko mumatunhu esarudzo akaomerwa zvikuru. Asi kupfuura izvozvo, mushandirapamwe uyuwo muenzaniso wekusika uye simba richiripo pazasi penyika yezvematongerwo enyika yeVenezuela, munharaunda nemagariro emagariro, zvisinei nekuvhiringidzika uye kutsamwa kune vanhu vazhinji kuhurumende.
Opposition
Zvichakadaro, kune rumwe rutivi rwekukamukana mune zvematongerwo enyika, vanopikisa vanoita kunge vakapatsanurwa mukati uye vasina simba kupfuura nakare kose, zvisinei nekuwanda kwavo musarudzo. Mune dzimwe nzira iyi inoshamisa mamiriro ezvinhu, sezvo hurumende iri pasina mubvunzo pane yechipiri-isina simba pamakore ose e17 eBolivarian revolution (Chavez akatanga kusarudzwa musi waDecember 6, 1998 - makore gumi nemanomwe asati asvika December. 17 National Assembly sarudzo dzemuna 6) - nzvimbo isina kusimba yaive nguva yekuedza kupidigura hurumende uye kuvharwa kweindasitiri yemafuta muna 2015. hurumende yavakavenga kwenguva yakareba.
Zvakadaro, vanopikisa vanoramba vakapatsanurwa zvakanyanya pakati peavo vane chokwadi chekuti nzira chete yekudzokera mukutonga ndeyekupidigura hurumende nenzira ipi neipi inodiwa vachipesana neavo vangada imwe nzira yebumbiro remitemo yekuwanazve masimba. Zvakare, kushaikwa kwechirongwa chakajeka chekupikisa kunoita kuti vataridzike sechinhu chimwe chete chavanoda ndechekubvisa shanduko yeBolivarian, asi vasingazive zvavanoda kupfuura izvozvo. Chikamu chedambudziko riri pano ndechekuti panguva yehutungamiri hwake Chavez akabudirira kushora zvachose nhaurirano yeneoliberal zvekuti hapana mupikisi anotsunga kuunza neoliberalism sechirongwa chinopikisa (kusiyana neArgentina, uko Macri akakwanisa kumhanya nekukunda. pachikuva neoliberal). Iko kusanganiswa kwekushaikwa kwehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika uye kupatsanurana kwemukati pamusoro pemaitiro izvo zvaita kuti zvisaite kuti vanopikisa vawane pundutso kubva mukusagadzikana kwehurumende kusvika pamwero waungaite.
Kutarisa ku6D
Semazuva ese, tichitarisa kuwanda kwenhau dzeVenezuela, pane kuyedza kwakasungwa kuti zviite sekuti sarudzo yaDec.6 ichakanganiswa nehutsotsi. Uyu mufananidzo wekuti vanopikisa veVenezuela vari kusimudzira nerubatsiro rusina kunyadziswa kubva kune vezvenhau vepasi rose, hurumende yeUS, uye Sangano reAmerica States (hurumende yaro muWashington DC, kwete zhinji dzenhengo dzayo). Zvisinei, chero ani zvake akazvinetsa kuti anyatsotarisisa hurongwa hwesarudzo hweVenezuela, anogona kukurumidza kuona kuti pamwe ndeimwe ye (kana isiri iyo) yakanyanya kubiridzira-humbowo hwesarudzo munyika. Saka hazvishamise kuti Mutungamiri Carter vakamboti, "Sezvo, pasarudzo makumi mapfumbamwe nembiri dzatakaongorora, ndingati sarudzo muVenezuela ndiyo yakanakisa pasirese."
Ngozi irimo musarudzo dzemusi wa 6 Zvita hausi hutsotsi, asi kuti vanopikisa vari kuita sei pane zvakabuda musarudzo. Kana zviri izvo zvavasingade, vanenge vachitotaura kuti pakaitwa chitsotsi ndokupinda mune imwe mhirizhonga yemhirizhonga, sezvavakaita zvichitevera sarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika yaKubvumbi 2013, dzakasiya gumi nemumwe afa, uye panguva yaKukadzi-Chivabvu. 11 yakavharwa mumigwagwa inozivikanwa se "Guarimbas," iyo yakauraya vanhu makumi mana nematatu uye yakakuvadza mazana evamwe.
Mhedzisiro yeNational Assembly yakaoma zvikuru kufembera nekuti zvese zvinoenderana nekuti munhu ari kukwikwidza ari kuita zvakanaka sei padanho rematunhu esarudzo, ayo ane makumi masere nemanomwe munyika yose. Bato rinotonga rePSUV rakaita sarudzo dzepuraimari dzinoshanda dzekudoma vamiriri muna Chikumi apfuura, vazhinji vacho vari vadiki uye hafu yavo vari vakadzi. Zvakare, mitemo ichangoburwa munzvimbo dzedzimba uye kurwa kweutsotsi zvakakonzera kuwedzera kuhurumende pakati pehuwandu. Chekupedzisira, chokwadi chekuti masangano mazhinji anonamatira nehurumende anobatsira zvakare.
Nekune rimwe divi, mamiriro ehupfumi akaomarara ekukwira kwemitengo nekushomeka kwakonzerawo kushushikana kukuru pakati pechavista base, kupotsa kupfuudza zvinhu mukufarira hurumende. Icho chokwadi chekuti kune mushandirapamwe wepasi rose wekurwisa hurumende, iyo United States iri kutungamira uye iyo hurumende dzeArgentina neColombia dzinotsigira, pamwe neOAS Secretary General Almagro, pamwe haizove nemhedzisiro pasarudzo pachayo, asi. zvichazotevera uye kuedza kumisa sarudzo, kana vanopikisa vakasawana zvavanenge vachitarisira.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta