On Chivabvu 12, hurumende yeBrazil yedemocracy, inotungamirwa neBato reVashandi (PT), yaive iyo nyajambwa wekupidigura hurumende. Ko dzimwe nyika dzeBRICS (Russia, India, China, neSouth Africa) dzichaitei?
Vachamira here sevanopindura vakatora masimba muBrasilia pivot padyo nemasimba ekuMadokero, ndinofara kudziya chigaro chaDilma Rousseff pamusangano weBRICS muGoa, India mumwedzi mishanu?
Pano Chamhembe Afrika, vashoma vanotarisira kuti hurumende yaJacob Zuma yeAfrican National Congress (ANC) ichaita zvine hudzamu panhau dzepasi rose. Kugadzira masaisai hakugoneke panguva iyo Standard & Poors neFitch vari kushanya kuSouth Africa, vachifunga nezvekudzikisa chikwereti chenyika kuti chiite "junk", sezvakaitika kuBrazil kupera kwegore rapfuura.
Izvi zvinonyadzisa nekuti mavhiki maviri apfuura akapa mikana yakanaka kwazvo yekupandukira hurumende: kuzarurirwa Zvakabuda zvichibatanidza Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) mukubatsira kusungwa kwehurumende yehudzvanyiriri muna 1962 uye kugara mujeri kwemakore makumi maviri nemanomwe kwaNelson Mandela. Izvi hazvishamisi; Dhipatimendi reHurumende rakachengeta Mandela parunyorwa rwayo rwemagandanga kusvika 2008.
Zvichitevera mashoko aya mutauriri weANC, VaZizi Kodwa akapomerwa mhosva kuti CIA "haina kumbomira kushanda pano. Zvichiri kuitika izvozvi - CIA ichiri kushanda neavo vanoda shanduko yehurumende. "
BRICS uye Humambo
SMutauriri mukuru wezvekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika muAfrica Clayson Monyela akapindura kumhomho yaKodwa nevimbiso yekuti hukama hweSouth Africa neUnited States "hwakasimba, hune hushamwari, uye hune hushamwari." Asi kuchema kwaKodwa pamusoro peimperialism, maererano necoup yeBrazil, kwave kurwadza.
Chokwadi, gakava rekuti kudzingwa kwaRousseff kunoratidza kuti iyo inonzi anti-imperialist BRICS iri kurwiswa kwakasimba nehumambo hweUS iri kudzokororwa mumakona akati wandei. Vanotaura vanoda Eric Draitser, Pepe Escobar, Paul Craig Roberts uye Hugo Turner, pamwe chete nevakuru kubva Venezuela uye Kiyuba, vese vanoita chirevo ichi.
Muvambi weBrazil's heroic Movement of Landless Workers (MST), João Pedro Stedile, aive Abvunzwa by Il Manifesto nezvekuti sei "boka revatevedzeri kubva kumasangano ekurudyi vakaenda kuWashington sarudzo dzekupedzisira dzisati dzaitwa." Akapindura kuti, “Temer acharonga hurumende yake kuti abvumire US kudzora hupfumi hwedu kuburikidza nemakambani avo . . . Brazil chikamu cheBRICS, uye chimwe chinangwa ndechekuti inogona kuramba mubatanidzwa weSouth-South.
Imwe vhezheni yeiyi anti-imperialist kuumbwa yaive akanzwa pamusangano wekuSouth Africa weBlack Consciousness weBlack First Land First kutanga musangano musi waChivabvu 13:
Brazil neSouth Africa dzinoonekwa neveWestern imperialist mauto seasina simba chinongedzo mumaketani eBRICS. Zano reimperiya nderokubvisa vatungamiri vanotsigira maitiro eBRICS. Imperialism inoshanda nemapato anopikisa emukati kuita shanduko yehutongi.
Mutsinhiri wemuSouth Africa ane hunyanzvi, Siphamandla Zondi, anotungamira sangano reInstitute for Global Dialogue (rimwe remasangano makuru muSouth Africa anoona nezvekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika) anotiwo maonero aya.
Zondi anodzivirira chirongwa cheBRICS uye anopokana nenharo buritsa neni uye nevamwe kuti BRICS inoshandira "sub-imperialist” basa muhupfumi hwepasi rose - kuti vari kuita zvizere mukubereka kusaenzana mukati menyika dzavo uye pakati pevamwe muGlobal South.
Mune dambudziko rakatumirwa Facebook akadana vacherekedzi kuti vazive kuti “utongi hwehurumende, munguva yazvino uno, hwakatora rusaruraganda, capitalism yakashata uye bhishopi sezvahunoita.”
Kwete kune Coup, Kwete kune Imperialism
Rousseff zvechokwadi ndiye akabatwa nechisimba. Ndinovimba kuti vanhu vekuBrazil vachamukira hurumende yenguva isiri pamutemo. Asi kuti kupidigura hurumende kwakakonzerwa nehudzvanyiriri, sekupokana kwaZondi nevamwe vakawanda, kunoda kuti tinyatsoongorora.
Sezvo WikiLeaks tambo kwakaratidza, Temer aive mole kudhipatimendi reHurumende yeUS makore gumi apfuura, achitamba zvaionekwa neWashington sekusakwanisa, basa risina pfungwa se "mupindiri" wezvematongerwo enyika.
Chokwadi, isu akapupurira dambudziko rakafanana muno muSouth Africa, nemusori aitungamira munyika panguva iyoyo, Moe Shaik, achipa mamwe mabasa ekutaura-asati aita kiyi. mutauri kuenda kuBRICS New Development Bank.
Asi sehumbowo hwechokwadi hwekupidigura kunotungamirwa neUS muBrazil ichi chokwadi chinoita sechisina kukwana. Uyezve, Rousseff pachake rakaramba basa re imperialism vhiki mushure mekupomerwa mhosva, panguva a Russia Nhasi bvunzurudzo: “Handifungi kuti kupindira kwevamwe ndicho chikonzero chikuru kana chechipiri chezviri kuitika muBrazil iye zvino. Hazvisizvo. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaipa atiri kuona iye zvino akakura pasina kupindira kupi nokupi kwakadaro.”
Akadzokorora izvi paakamanikidzwa nemubvunzurudzo, saka zvaive zvakajeka kuti anopomera maoligarchs ekare nekuda kwekudonha kwake. Pfungwa iyi yakasimbiswa nezvakazotevera kuzarurirwa nezve kurudziro dzenzvimbo dzevapanduki.
Uyezve, kupindirana kwerusaruraganda, madzitateguru, uye capitalism yepasi rose hainawo kutwasuka sezvayaimboita. Apo vabatsiri vaObama vakarova hurumende yeHonduran muna 2009, semuenzaniso, aive murume mutema nemukadzi muWashington avo. akapa mvumo yenyika kune venzvimbo yecapitalist elite vachipokana nedemocrat inofambira mberi.
Kushushikana kwakafanana pamusoro pebasa raObama mukondinendi yeAfrica zvaratidzwawo - zvakakodzera tichitarisa Africa Command's agenda. Asi basa renyika dzeBRICS harifanirwe kurerutswa mumitambo iyi yegeopolitical power.
United States inoitwa kuti iwedzere njodzi neiyo sub-imperialist geopolitical mabasa ayo Mutevedzeri Sheriff Zuma nguva dzose accept, sekutsigira kubhomba kweLibya kweNATO izvo zvakaita kuti hutongi huchinje muna 2011, kutsigira Israel kunyangwe panguva yekupondwa kwayo kwevanhu vakawanda veGaza, vachitambira nemufaro maekisesaizi emauto eUS-South Africa, uye vachitodada pachena kuti mauto eSouth Africa achashanda saObama. "bhutsu pasi."
Izvi hazvirevi kuti crude imperialism yapera. Tichitarisa chete pamakore a2009–2012 apo Hillary Clinton aive secretary of state, Washington's Blog munyori Eric Zuesse inopfupisa akadzokorora kupinda kweUS muHonduras, Haiti, Afghanistan, Libya, Syria, neUkraine (uye mumwe anogona kuwedzera Paraguay zvakare).
Zvakadaro, kunyangwe iri runyoro runonakidza rwekupindira kwemaimpiriyamu, US "shanduko yehurumende yekuchinja mune dzimwe nyika dzevatema," sekutaura kwaZondi, hazvina kujairika. Izvozvi hazvidiwe pari zvino, kunyanya muAfrica, uko hutungamiriri hwenzvimbo iyi hwatova supine kana zvasvika pahurongwa hweWashington.
Neoliberal Multilateralism
Szvichireva kuti, "rusaruraganda, crude capitalism uye madzibaba" ane chekuita nehutongi hweUS yezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri akatsiviwa neoliberal multilateralism yaObama - maitiro ekutonga ayo akatengerwa neBRICS, asingapikiswe..
Ichi hachisi chinhu chekupemberera. Multilateral neoliberalism inosiya nyika dzeBRICS dzisisakwanise kuita chero zvakanaka kupindira kweSouth-South.
Zvechokwadi, kudzingwa kwaRousseff kunoratidza izvi zvakajeka uye hutongi hweTemer huri kuuya hunogona kutevera nzira yakashuva yekusimbisazve nzvimbo yayo yepasi rose. Kunyura kwekumadokero zvakaziviswa svondo rapfuura negurukota rezvekunze kwaTemer, José Serra, pamwe neBrasilia yakagadziridzwa neoliberal agenda pamberi pemba, vanoratidza kuti ndizvo zvichave zvakadaro.
Asi kunyangwe zviri pachena kuti Serra achazoshanda zvakanyanya semubatsiri wehurumende yeUnited States kupfuura Rousseff, Rousseff akaitawo zvishoma pamusoro pemutemo wekunze kunze kweapo neapo anopokana neYankee rhetoric (senge paakaita akadzidza kubva kuna Edward Snowden kuti Obama akanga aita kuti abhadhare foni yake neemail).
Semunhu anofunga (uye kazhinji pro-BRICS) mutauri Oliver Stuenkel nguva pfupi yadarika akachema:
Rousseff akatadza kutaura chero chinhu chakafanana nedzidziso yekune dzimwe nyika, uye mutemo weBrazil wekune dzimwe nyika kubvira 2011 wakaumbwa, pamusoro pezvose, nekusakendenga kweMutungamiriri kune zvinhu zvese kusakwanisa kwevagadziri vemitemo yepasirese nevekunze kugonesa Rousseff kuti mutemo wekunze unogona kushandiswa. kusimudzira zvibodzwa zvehurumende zvemumba - sezvakaratidzwa neunyanzvi vese [vaimbova vatungamiri veBrazil] Lula naFernando Henrique Cardoso.
Serra, kune rumwe rutivi, ane akapikira kuti:
Kunyanya kuchapihwa kuhukama nevadyidzani vatsva muAsia, kunyanya China, ichi chikuru chehupfumi chiitiko chezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri nerimwe, uye India. Tichave takazvipira zvakaenzana kuvandudza shanduko yekudyidzana neAfrica, muvakidzani mukuru mhiri kweAtlantic. . .
Tichatorawo mukana wemikana inopihwa neforamu dzematunhu akasiyana nedzimwe nyika dzichiri kusimukira, dzakaita seBRICS, kukurumidza kuchinjana kwekutengeserana, kudyara mari uye kugovana zviitiko.
Sub-Imperialism
Mchero ani zvake anoona Brazil seakabatwa ne imperialism anewo maonero anowirirana ekuti Brazil, pamwe chete nedzimwe nyika dzeBRICS, inoita basa rekufambira mberi padanho repasi rose. Zondi inotsanangurwa maonero aya muchidimbu munguva pfupi yapfuura ye Cape Times:
Iyo [BRICS] chikuva chave chikuva chakasimba kwazvo chekutsvaga shanduko yepasi rose. . . Brazil yanga iri izwi rakakosha mumakakatanwa epasi rose pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwehutongi hwepasi rose, kusanganisira IMF neWorld Bank, uye nezve zvakaringana uye zvine hungwaru kune nyika dzichiri kusimukira munhaurirano dzekutengeserana pasi rose. . .
Brazil yakataura pamusoro pechirongwa chebasa rakanaka, hutongi hwechikafu, mupiro mukuru wekuMadokero kumhinduro yepasirese pakushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, hutongi hwejekerere uye kuguma kweimperialism. Brazil yave zvakare mumiriri webasa rekudzivirira.
Tinogona kupotsa izvozvi. Brazil chikamu chakakosha chekuedza nhasi kushandura simba repasi rose kubva kune aimbove masimba ekoloni uye diaspora yavo muNorth America kuenda kumatunhu ese epasi. Mubatanidzwa wakakosha mumubatanidzwa weSouth-South.
Vazhinji vekuSouth Africa vari kufadzwa neBRICS, asi chokwadi chekufamba kweBrazil pasi rose hachina kunaka. Munzvimbo dzakanyanya kukosha dzemarudzi akawanda, BRICS elites dzakashanda zvinopesana nezvido zveruzhinji rwepasi uye zvinopesana nenharaunda.
Funga zvakaitwa neBrazil muInternational Monetary Fund (IMF). Kubva 2010 yanga ichishanda kugadzirisa zvakare simba rekuvhota ("izwi") muchikoro. Yakabudirira kuwedzera mavhoti ayo nezvikamu makumi maviri nezvitatu kubva muzana (neChina zvakare yakakwira ne23 muzana, India yakakwira 37 muzana uye Russia yakakwira 11 muzana).
Ichi hachisi chinhu chakaipa. Asi ivo restructuring deal izvo zvakaita kuti izvi zviitike zvaikanganisa nyika dzemuAfrica: Nigeria ichangorasikirwa ne41 muzana yesimba rekuvhota, pamwe neLibya (39 muzana), Morocco (27 muzana), Gabon (26 muzana), Algeria (26 muzana), Namibia (26 muzana). ) uye kunyange South Africa (21 muzana).
Kubva pamaonero aya “BRICs versus Africa” inoita senge nzira yakanyatsokodzera yekutsanangura basa reBrazil “mukugadzirisa hutongi hwepasi rose” paIMF.
Kuita kweBrazil kune mamwe masangano ehutongi hwepasirese - kusanganisira World Trade Organisation (WTO) iyo parizvino inotungamirwa naRoberto Azevêdo wekuBrazil - ari kukuvadza zvakaenzana..
Sekureva kweinowanzo pro-BRICS NGO yeThird World Network (TWN), Brazil yakarangana neUnited States neEuropean Union kuWTO kuti. "[kuva nechokwadi] kuti India haina kuwana mutauro wayaida” kuti ichengetedze rubatsiro rwechikafu rwakakosha, izvo mumakore anotevera zvichatungamirira makumi emamiriyoni evarimi veIndia kutambura.
Sezvo TWN's Chakravarthi Raghavan chiisei"Manheru eNairobi, Brazil yakasiya mubatanidzwa weG20 unilaterally kuti ibatane neUS neEU, mukuedza kurwisa China neIndia," tisingatauri nezvevarombo venyika.
Chokwadika, mufambiro weBrazil hausi woga. China neRussia dzinoramba dzichirambidza kuedza neBrazil, India, neSouth Africa kuti vapinde zvachose muSecurity Council. Icho chiripo ndechekuti intra-BRICS yakabatana, tisiye yakafararira yeSouth-South kubatana, yakaoma kuwana muchokwadi.
Nyaya yebasa reBrazil mukurwisa dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza pasi rose inofanirwawo kuongororwa zvakanyanya. Muna 2009 Lula akatsigira - padivi peUnited States, India, China, neSouth Africa - Chibvumirano cheCopenhagen, icho chakabvisa chibvumirano cheKyoto Protocol, chaive nezvinangwa zvekuburitsa zvinhu zvisingaite, uye zvakare chakakanganisa maitiro eUN gore iroro.
Zvakare, Rousseff aive mutsigiri weiyo pro-corporate "Green Ehupfumi” gambit paRio Earth Summit muna 2012 iyo yakarambwa nevakawanda veGlobal South. Iye zvakare anodada akasaina ku2015 Paris UN chibvumirano chemamiriro ekunze.
Brazil yakabatanidzawo mauto neEU - kurwisa Bolivia - "kuvhura iwo maburi ekutengesa kabhoni akakanganisa chibvumirano chekupedzisira chemamiriro ekunze pasi rose," maererano ne Oscar Reyes weInstitute for Policy Studies.
Anotaura kuti “Chibvumirano cheParis chinobvumira zviri pachena kuti nyika dziverenge kudzikiswa kwehutsi kunoitwa mune dzimwe nyika sechikamu chezvinangwa zvadzo mudzimba, vachireva izvi nemashoko okuti 'zvinotamiswa nepasi rose.'
Chekupedzisira, chirevo chekuti “Brazil yanga iri mumiriri webasa rekudzivirira” hachirevi mvura. Funga nezveHaiti uye "kodzero yekudzivirira" nyika dzakaita seBrazil dzakapihwa basa rekuita. SaMark Weisbrot (mutsigiri wePT) Anotsanangura,
Kutora kweUN kuHaiti ibasa reUS - harisi simba renyika dzakawanda kupfuura "mubatanidzwa wevanoda" waGeorge W Bush wakarwisa Iraq.
Uye hazvisi pamutemo, kana: yakatumirwa ikoko muna 2004 mushure mekuedza kwakatungamirwa neUS kubvisa hurumende yeHaiti yakasarudzwa nedemocracy. Pane kupa chengetedzo kuvanhu vekuHaiti mushure memhirizhonga, [vamiriri veUN muHaiti] vakamira varipo. zviuru zvevaHaiti avo vakanga vatsigira hurumende yakasarudzwa vakaurawa, uye vakuru vakuru vehurumende yebumbiro romutemo vakaiswa mutorongo.
Zvisinei neBrazil yakasarudzwa neUN "kodzero yekudzivirira" haina chayakaita kufumura kana kupikisa mhosva dzekugara dzinosanganisira kubata chibharo nekushungurudzwa kwevana veHaiti nemasoja eUN.
Zvichakadaro kuJohannesburg, kutaura kwakasara kubva kuANC kuLuthuli House hakuna chimwe chinhu kunze kwevezvematongerwo enyika vachifuridza huruva mudenga.
Apo vatungamiri veANC kufona akashinga mudziviriri weveruzhinji weSouth Africa Thuli Madonsela "CIA mumiriri," kana taura kuti chirongwa cheMandela Washington Fellowship chemumiriri weAmerica chiri kudzidzisa vana “shanduko yehurumende,” vanoratidza minhenga inopikisa ma impiriyamu. Asi pachokwadi, Washington haina nyama nePretoria. ANC yagara iripo kubudirira pakutaura kuruboshwe uchifamba kurudyi.
Humambo hweUS ndeyechokwadi uye inodzvinyirira, asi haifanire kudzivirira kuongororwa kwakajeka uye kwakakomba kwechokwadi chenyika dzeBRICS munyika.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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