Vatsoropodzi vanoda nhabvu vagara vachifungidzira kuti matambudziko ari kuramba achiwedzera muno muSouth Africa nekuda kwekuita mabasa eWorld Cup:
- kurasikirwa nemasimba makuru ehurumende kusangano renhabvu repasi rose reFifa;
- kukurumidza kuwedzera kusaenzana kwemari;
- matambudziko ehupfumi mune ramangwana sezvo kubhadhara kwechikwereti kunouya nekuda;
- kuwedzera kunoshamisa kwekubuda kwegasi regreenhouse (kupfuura kaviri Germany muna 2006); uye
- kunyadziswa uye kupererwa sezvo chikwata chenhabvu chenyika yeBafana Bafana (chiri pachinhanho chemakumi mapfumbamwe chiri kuenda mumitambo) chakave mutambi wekutanga kupera mutambo wenhabvu usati watanga.
Nenguva isipi, zvinoita sekunge, isu tinogonawo kuwedzera kune iyi runyorwa dambudziko rinotyisa vanofambira mberi pano uye kwese kwese: imwe dosi ye xenophobia kubva kumatunhu nenharaunda.
Mubvunzo wakakoshera mumavhiki anouya ndewekuti pane kupa kumwe kupikisa kubva pasi, sezvakaratidzirwa neDurban Social Forum yevane 1000-rally yakatarisana neFifa musi waChikumi 16 kuCity Hall, vanhu vakarasika vachagamuchira manzwiro evazhinji vekurudyi here? uye mutorwa here?
Uku hakusi kunetsa zvisina basa, sezvo mapeji eFaceBook evechidiki vemuJohannesburg akaputika neruvengo rwekuvenga vamwe vanhu mushure mekunge Uruguay yakarova Bafana svondo rapfuura.
Imwe pwere yepunk, Khavi Mavodze yakanyora kuti, “Vatorwa vanobva munyika yedu, nyeverwa, xenophobia ndiro zita redu rokutanga.”
Kunyange dare repamusoro reAfrican National Congress pamwe neCabinet vakaratidza kushushikana zvikuru nekudzokororwa kwemhirizhonga yakaitika muna Chivabvu 2008 iyo yakasiya vanhu makumi matanhatu nevaviri vafa uye vanopfuura zviuru zana vatiza misha yavo.
Iyi inenge ibudiriro, kwemwedzi 30 yapfuura, boka reAfrica Peer Review Mechanism ravanhu vakakurumbira rakapa nyevero isina kuteererwa: “Kuvenga vamwe vanhu vomuAfrica kuri kuwedzera panguva ino uye kunofanira kudziviswa.”
Mutungamiriri wenguva iyoyo, VaThabo Mbeki, vakapindura kuti “hachisi chokwadi”, uye mushure mekunge dambudziko rekuvenga vatorwa rakatanga mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, Mutevedzeri weGurukota rezvekunze, Aziz Pahad, akazvidana "chinhu chisingatarisirwi zvachose" - zvisinei nezviitiko zvakawanda zvisati zvaitika.
Saka mutungamiri wenyika pari zvino, VaJacob Zuma, pavakaudza mukuru webato ravo muna Chivabvu kuti “Mapazi eANC anofanira kutanga kushanda iye zvino kuti agadzirise nyaya ye xenophobia”, zvakashungurudza apo mumwe wezvematongerwo enyika akabatanidza kuramba uye fungidziro.
Vachipindura kuti "Hapana humbowo hunobatika," Mupurisa Mukuru Bheki Cele akawedzera, mazuva mashoma gare gare: "Takaona maitiro ekuti vekunze vanopara mhosva - kutora mukana wekuti tine hutsotsi husingatenderwe - kukanganisa kuvimbika kwedu uye. mufananidzo."
Zvinonzi kune 'vatorwa' sevapari vemhosva vakawanda hazvina maturo, sezvo pasina 'maitiro' esainzi angaonekwe nekuti hapana ruzivo rwakavimbika runoratidza kana 'tsotsi' (makororo) vanomiririra huwandu hwehuwandu hwavo kupfuura tsotsi dzechivanhu. (Hatitomboziva zvakangoita, kune 500 000th, vangani vabvakure muSouth Africa, nekuda kwemiganhu ine porous.)
Kunongedzerwa nemunwe kwaCele kune vanenge vabva kune dzimwe nyika vachipara mhosva inzira imwe chete yenzira dzokuuraya nayo. Sangano reConsortium for Refugees and Migrants muSouth Africa svondo rino rakadana xenophobia 'kutyisidzira chaiko' murutivi nekuti "mumwe muiti wezvakaipa anoita seanofunga kuti anotsigirwa chinyararire nevezvematongerwo enyika veko."
Pamusoro pekuwedzera kunyengerera kwayo tsika, kupomera avo vane mhosva yekurwisa xenophobic, kugadzirisa hondo dzehutungamiri hwenzvimbo dzine xenophobic powerplays, uye nekutanga nzira dzekupindura zvechimbichimbi, nyika ine chisungo chekugadzirisa zvikonzero zvekusagadzikana munharaunda izvo zvinowanzoratidzwa sexenophobia. : kushaikwa kwemabasa kwakawanda, kushaikwa kwedzimba, makwikwi makuru ezvitoro mumataundishipi uye zvido zvedunhu reSouth Africa rezvematongerwo enyika izvo zvinounza vapoteri vakawanda kupfuura kubudirira.
Iyo nyika haigadzirise matambudziko aya-anokonzera midzi, zvisinei, nekuti kufambira mberi kwakanyanya kungangoisa muhukama hwekirasi uye maitiro ekugadzira pachayo.
Kuenzanisira, kana vacherechedzi vakatenda (sezvandaiita) kuti kutsiva VaMbeki naZuma munaGunyana 2008 kungangoreva shanduko yemutemo wePretoria wezvekunze kuitira kuti kumisa hudzvanyiriri hwaVaRobert Mugabe muZimbabwe, ipapo hwaive husina maturo, sezvakataurwa naZuma. London nekukurudzira zvakasimba kuti zvirango zvakatemerwa vatongi veZanu(PF) vaMugabe zvipere masvondo mashoma apfuura.
Vatungamiri veSouth Africa mushure mehudzvanyiriri havasi kuda kudzosera hukama hwanga hwave nemakore 120 hwavepo hwekubiridzirana, izvo zvinonzi nemakambani emuJohannesburg - akaita seaya ari muminda yemangoda ekwaMarange ane ropa rekumabvazuva kweZimbabwe, achidzorwa nemauto aVaMugabe. . KwaMarange ndiro dhaimondi rakakura kudarika mamwe pasi rose kubva kuKimberley, South Africa muna 1867.
Izvi zvinoshanda sei? Funga nezvenyaya yemumwe akabatwa nemubatanidzwa wekuchera zvicherwa weSA-Zimbabwe, muongorori akashinga wesangano revanhu, Farai Maguwu (aimbova mudzidzi wangu paAfrica University). VaMaguwu vakasungwa musi wa3 Chikumi nekuti, maererano nenhoroondo yavo (yaiwanzovimbika), mumwe murume wekuSouth Africa anonzi Abbey Chikane akamugadzirira kuti asungwe nekubatwa zvisina kunaka nemapurisa aVaMugabe.
VaChikane ndivo mukuru weKimberly Process, chibvumirano chakadamburwa makore gumi apfuura pakati pemaindasitiri, hurumende nemasangano anoona nezvekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika, nechinangwa chekumisa kutengeswa kwemangoda eropa. Kusaina neanotonga DeBeers kwakakosha, kukambani yaimbove-South Africa (yava kuLondon) yaifanira kubata nekuwanda kwemadhaimani pasi rose uye kudzoreredza Humwe Hukama mushure menguva yakaoma.
Mukamuri yehotera iri kumabvazuva kweZimbabwe muguta reMutare nemusi wa25 Chivabvu, VaMaguwu vakapa Chikane ruzivo rwemazana emhondi dzakapondwa kwaMarange kubva muna 2006, dzichirwirwa nemauto aVaMugabe.
Pane kuti ashandise mashoko aya kunyora svomhu yekwaMarange, VaChikane vakatozobuda pachena kuti vaive munhu aita manyama amire nerongo vachinomhan’ara VaMaguwu kumapurisa eZimbabwe. Pakasvika mapurisa pamba pake zuva rakatevera, Maguwu akabva aenda pasi pevhu. Pakusechwa uku, mapurisa akarova pamwe nekushungurudza vemhuri izvo zvakazoita kuti VaMaguwu vazvinde pasi. Mushure mesvondo ari mujeri, akapinzwa muchipatara neChishanu chapfuura nekuda kwekusabatwa zvakanaka, ndokuzonyimwa mukana wekubvisa mari yechibatiso neChitatu nemutongi anotsigira VaMugabe.
Pane zvakawanda zviri mungozi munyaya iyi, chiratidzo chezvakawanda zveAfrica 'chituko chezviwanikwa' huori nehurombo.
Kupinza kwakaita vatungamiri vemauto mari yemangoda zvisiri pamutemo (kuDubai uko kusingatariswe neKimberly Process) kunomirira bviro huru yekuzvisimudzira, pamwe nekuita tsvakiridzo yeZimbabwe musarudzo dzinotevera. (Kupamba zviwanikwa zvehurumende kwakaomera varume vaMugabe kubva muna Ndira 2009, apo Zimbabwe yakarasikirwa nemari yayo uye nayo, kudhinda mari kwebhanga guru renyika reReserve Bank of Zimbabwe, hyper-inflationary, crony-capitalist.)
Nenguva isipi VaChikane vaburitsa gwaro rekuti kwaMarange vari kutevedzera zviri kudiwa nepasi rose rekutengesa mangoda, izvo zvazoita kuti musangano we Kimberly Process waitirwa muTel Aviv svondo rino usaite makakatanwa panyaya yekuti voramba vachisiya Zimbabwe here. Nekuda kwemaindasitiri ayo ari kuita basa rekucheka zvinhu uye kutyira kuramba, kubvisirwa mari pamwe nekutemerwa zvirango, Israel yave kutsigira Zimbabwe zvakasimba ichiramba ichiti matombo ekwaMarange asanzi mangoda eropa.
Bepanhau rinoremekedzwa reThe Zimbabwean rinoti dzimba dzakawanda dzemuSouth Africa dzichabatsirikana kana kucheneswa kwaChikane kukaramba kuchiitwa, kusanganisira mukoma wake Kagiso Chikane weAfrican Renaissance Holdings pamwe nemushonga mukuru Patrice Matsepe weAfrican Rainbow Minerals – uyo ane mukoma wake Frank Chikane (aimbove mufundisi mukuru aipikisa rusaruraganda). ) anoshanda - pamwe chete nevatsigiri vezvemari vaviri vanotsigira mucheri wemadhaimani weJohannesburg Reclam: Capital Works neOld Mutual.
VaAbbey Chikane, muhurongwa uhu, vakanganisa mukurumbira weKimberly Process wekuongorora mangoda eropa sezvakaitwa naVaMbeki-Zuma kusvibisa kuPretoria panyaya yekutonga nedemocracy muZimbabwe yakashata. Makore gumi apfuura akaona kutengeswa kwakafanana kwakafanana kwevanhu vavo neveSA neZimbabwe elite.
Nekuda kwehukama hwakadai, hazvishamise kuti United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees svondo rapfuura yakashuma kuti pane zvizvarwa zveZimbabwe zvinosvika zviuru zana nemakumi mashanu nesere nemazana maviri zviri kutsvaga hupoteri pasi rose, zvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana zviri kuSouth Africa. (Izvo zvinopeta katatu senyika yechipiri, Burma, iyo yakateverwa nehurumende mbiri dzakatsigirwa neWashington: Afghanistan neColombia.)
Pane zvizvarwa zveZimbabwe zvinosvika mamiriyoni maviri muSouth Africa, vazhinji vavo vari kunze kwemutemo sevashandi vanotambira mari shoma asi kazhinji vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, avo vanogara vachimanikidzwa zvikuru nevagari vemuno vasina mabasa. Mhinduro yechokwadi kumatambudziko evashandi mudunhu rese haingosanganisire kudzoreredzwa kwemaitiro ezvematongerwo enyika ePretoria, asiwo marongero ehupfumi hwayo.
(Statistics South Africa yakazivisa svondo rapfuura kuti mamwe mabasa 79,000 akarasika mukati mekota yegore rapfuura, zvichiunza kune vangangoita miriyoni avo vakaraswa kubva dambudziko repasi rose rarova zvakanyanya muna 2008.)
Gurukota rinoona nezvemukati menyika, Amai Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, vakabvumira zvizvarwa zveZimbabwe zvibvumirano, zvichibvumira kugara munyika kwenguva yakareba uye nemvumo dzekushanda (kuitira kuti vatore mitero zviri nani), asi panguva imwe cheteyo vakaderedza zvikuru kupinda kwevanhu kubva kuLesotho kuenda kuSouth Africa. kunyangwe chikamu chikuru cheGDP yeLesotho chichibva kuvashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.
Dai mukuru wemapurisa eSA Cele anga akarevesa nezvematsotsi ekunze aikwanisa kuisa pfungwa dzake pane chimwe chikwata chine njodzi: Fifa. Kunze kwezvingangoitika kunze kweWall Street neGuta reLondon, hapasisina zvikwata zvehurombe zvehurombe chena zvichawanikwa kupfuura muZurich, ese ari mumabhanga aitsigira rusaruraganda pasina mumwe munhu, uye pakuvanda kwenguva pfupi kweboka renhabvu. kumaodzanyemba kweJohannesburg.
Mafia ekupedzisira anozvishingisa pakubata nemapurisa eSouth Africa akaora mundangariro aGeneral Cele zvekuti neChishanu chapfuura, munyori mukuru weFifa, Jerome Valcke, vakazvitutumadza pachena kuti vachabvisa mabhiriyoni matatu nemazana maviri emadhora mupurofiti chaiyo (3.2% inopfuura mabhiriyoni gumi nesere emadhora akatorwa. kubva kuGermany makore mana apfuura).
Fifa haibhadhare mutero, inofuratira zvidzoreso zvekuchinjana, uye ingangove iri kugadzirira South Africa kuparara kwemari mukuita uku.
Kuona kuti kupamba kwapera, zviri pachena kuti mapurisa ekwaCele ari kuenderera mberi, vacherechedzi vanogumisa nechivimbo - asi kwete nekuti pane humbowo hwechikwata cheFifa chemanyepo chiri kushanda. Aiwa, sekupedza simba kuri pamusoro-bhodhi yekutengesa, huwori hwechibvumirano muhumbowo mazuva mashoma apfuura:
- mukushandira kambani huru inopa chengetedzo pamitambo yeWorld Cup, Stallion - kambani yaifanira kunge yakarambidzwa gore rapfuura, sekuvimbiswa kweGurukota reVashandi VaShepherd Mdladlana, uye muna 2001 yaikonzera nhabvu yakatsika muJohannesburg iyo yakasiya zvimwe. vatsigiri vanopfuura makumi mana vakafa - mapurisa akamanikidza hurumende yekutambira yakaderera yaStallion, achisimudza magirinedhi neutsi hunokachidza kumazana evashandi vakanga vasingabhadharwe mushure memutambo wehusiku muDurban, uye kunyange kupfura munhu akatarisana neCape Town kakawanda nemabara erabha mukurwisana kwakafanana;
- hazvishamise, nekuti Linda Mti - aimbova mukuru wemajeri akabatana nemari nekambi yeLindela ine mukurumbira wakashata, yakavharirwa vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vakasungwa (pamwe chete neakasungwa katatu nemhosva yekutyaira akadhakwa) - ndiye mukuru wezvekuchengetedzwa kweFifa's Local Organising Committee;
- vachidzivirira doro riya rekuUS reBudweiser, mapurisa aive zvakare pabasa reFifa pavakasunga vakadzi vaviri vechiDutch panguva yemutambo weHolland-Denmark, nekuti 'kushambadzira kwavo' kwakavanda kwakangofanana nekupfeka marokwe eorenji ane logo diki yedoro rekuBavaria;
- paFan Fest kuDurban kuSouth Beach, mapurisa akasunga nyanzvi yezvenharaunda Alice Thomson nemusi weMuvhuro wapfuura nekupaza mapepa anopikisa Fifa maererano nekufora kwaChikumi 16 kuenda kuCity Hall; uye
- mumwe murume akabatwa aine matikiti emutambo 30 'uye pasina tsananguro' akapiwa mutongo wemakore matatu mujeri, nepo makororo akaoma musoro achifamba mumigwagwa akasununguka.
Kuba uye kushambadza tsika dzeko, zvakare, Fifa nemumwe wekambani CocaCola vakaedzawo kuba mweya weAfrica nekubhadhara muimbi weSomalia K'naan kuti asimudzire moyo nemazwi ake ari nyore 'Wavin' Flag. Asi izvi hazvishande, nekuti nziyo dzinonetsa dzekuti Fifa dzigaye dzakagadzirwa - uye dzakasununguka kudhaunirodha painternet - nevaimbi vehip-hop Nomadic Wax naDJ Magee ('World Cup'), Chomsky AllStars (' Iyo Yakanaka Gain') uye, kupfuura zvese, Ewok yekuDurban ('Shame paMutambo Wakanaka').
Musi wa3 Chikunguru, mumwe musangano weCity Hall - rwendo rwuno uchirwisa xenophobia - uchaita kuti Durban iberekezve hunhu hwechokwadi hwemuAfrica hunogona kutsungirira kukundwa kweBafana, kuita pundutso kweFifa nekumwe kurasikirwa kwatiri kutambura.
(Patrick Bond anotungamira Center for Civil Society muDurban, iyo inopa zuva nezuva World Cup Watch update pamusoro pezvematongerwo enyika-socio-economic exploitation: http://www.ukzn.ac.za/ccs)