Ukulandela Iskripthi
Izingqungquthela zamazwe ngamazwe cishe zihlale zisilela ekuhlangabezaneni nezinhloso zezinguquko ezishibhile ngenxa yokuthi inani elikhulu nenhlobonhlobo yabahlanganyeli iqinisekisa ukuxoxisana kanzima ngemibono nemininingwane yenqubomgomo. Imihlangano yaminyaka yonke ye-COP28 e-Dubai, e-UAE, ayihlukile, kodwa amathuba abo okugqashuka kokubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ancishiswa nakakhulu ubuholi bengqungquthela.
Usihlalo, uSultan Al Jaber, uhola inkampani yezwe ye-UAE kawoyela negesi. Ukuphawula kwakhe emhlanganweni wokuthi “ayikho isayensi . . . ethi ukuphela kukaphethiloli wezinto ezimbiwa phansi yikho okuzofinyelela ku-1.5 degrees C.,” yabonisa ukuthi ikuphi—nokuthi imboni kaphethiloli yonke ifuna ukugxila kuphi. Ezinsukwini ngemuva kokusho lokho, abezindaba babephethe indaba yokuthi umkhawulo ongu-1.5 degree, okungaphezu kwalokho izinhlekelele zesimo sezulu, cishe uzophasiswa kulo nyaka.
I-COP28 ilandela umbhalo wezingqungquthela zangaphambilini.
I-UN, emelwe nguNobhala-Jikelele u-António Guterres, ivula ngesicelo sokusindisa umhlaba osongweni oluphuthumayo. Wonke umuntu okhona uthi ukhathazekile, kodwa lapho abathintekayo befinyelela ekuchazeni izivumelwano, umusa uyashabalala, esikhundleni salokho yizimfuno zobugovu.
Ngakho-ke, lapho uGuterres, ephendula u-Al Jaber, ethi ukuqeda uphethiloli, "ngesikhathi esicacile," kubalulekile ukulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, angalindela ukusekelwa embonini, kancane kancane kuhulumeni ngamunye. Eqinisweni, i-OPEC yamemezela phakathi nengqungquthela ukuthi amalungu ayo azovimba noma yisiphi isiphakamiso esihloselwe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.
Njengoba i New York Times uyabika, I-Saudi Arabia ne-Aramco, inkampani kawoyela ephethwe nguhulumeni, yibo abahamba phambili ekuvimbeleni i-COP28, benqaba ukujabulisa noma iyiphi ingxoxo mayelana nokuqedwa kwezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi. Babona "ukuqedwa" njengesifiso sokufa semali yabo engenayo.
Inqubekelaphambili Encane, Mhlawumbe
I-COP28 ibe nezici ezimbalwa zokuhlenga. Kubikwa ukuthi izinkampani zikaphethiloli ezinkulu ezingama-50 sezivumelene ndawonye ukuqeda ukukhishwa kwe-methane emsebenzini wazo wokumba nokukhiqiza. Uma befeza leso sithembiso, kuyoba lukhulu, njengoba i-methane ilimaza kakhulu imvelo kune-carbon dioxide.
UFred Krupp, umongameli we-Environmental Defence Fund, uthi:
“Uma lezo zithembiso zifezwa, kunamandla okunciphisa amazinga okushisa ebesingawabona kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo … ngaphezu kwanoma yini okwavunyelwana ngayo kuma-COP adlule, ngaphezu kwanoma yini engake ngayibona emsebenzini wami wonke eminyakeni engama-30. Kube nezithembiso eziningi ezenziwe e-COP ezingakaze zifezeke. Sibona sengathi kufanele sakhe uhlelo oluqinile lokuziphendulela.”
Sizobona.
Okunye okungaba okubalulekile isikhwama esisha esisungulwe ukuze kubhekwane nokulahlekelwa kanye nomonakalo emazweni asathuthuka ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kwathatha iminyaka yezingxoxo. Amazwe acebile asethembise u-$655.9 million kulesi sikhwama kuze kube manje, nakuba amakhulu ezigidigidi zamadola zidingeka ngonyaka. Inani lesikhwama lizoncika ekutheni imiphakathi yendawo, hhayi nje ohulumeni abakhulu, bayayithola ngempela yini imali. Phela umonakalo owenzekile ezomnotho usezingeni lendawo lapho sekuqedwe imizi nezakhamuzi zingenayo indlela yokwakha kabusha.
Isidingo Esingenakugwenywa
Inkinga enkulu kusewuhulumeni abangahlangabezani nezibopho zabo kanye nezinkampani zikaphethiloli wezinto ezimbiwa phansi ezingazifezi izithembiso zazo. I-Carbon dioxide ekhishwe ekushisweni kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi kulindeleke ukuthi inyuke ngamaphesenti angu-1.1 ngo-2023 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2022, ososayensi abatholwe ocwaningweni olusha.
Abacwaningi beGlobal Carbon Project, ekhiqiza lolu cwaningo minyaka yonke, bamemezele imiphumela ku-COP28. "Ukweseka izinto ezivuselelekayo kukodwa ngeke kuyixazulule inkinga yesimo sezulu," kusho uGlen Peters, umcwaningi omkhulu eCICERO Center for International Climate Research e-Oslo kanye nongomunye wababhali abangu-121 balo mbiko. "Kufanele ube nezinqubomgomo eziqinisekisa ukuthi amafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi ayehla," njengoba kusho uNobhala-Jikelele uGuterres.
Iminyaka ye-COVID ikhiqize ukwehla okulinganisekayo kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni, kodwa lokho kubonakale kudukisa. Ukwenyuka kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuwumthetho, oholwa yiShayina (ukwanda kwamaphesenti angaphezu kwamane okulindeleke kulo nyaka) kanye neNdiya (ngaphezu kwamaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili).
Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wezinsalela kwehlile e-US, Japan, Brazil, kanye nase-European Union, kodwa lawo mazwe ehlangene amele kuphela amaphesenti angu-28 okukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli wezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Ngaphandle uma wonke amazwe ekhipha ikhabhoni ndawonye, ochwepheshe bathi, asisoze sakumisa ukunqwabelana kwekhabhoni. (I-BTW, i-US ayinakho ukukhala ngakho; manje isingeyesibili ngemuva kweSaudi Arabia njengomkhiqizi nomkhiqizi kawoyela.)
Phakathi kwezinyathelo ezihlongozwayo zokubhekana nale nkinga kukhona endala: Ukunikeza amazwe asathuthuka izinsiza zokusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo aphikisana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kodwa lokho kushiya i-China ngaphandle, njengoba akulona izwe elimpofu elithuthukayo futhi linemali eningi yokuqhela ezintweni zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi.
I-China ikwenza lokho ngezinga elithile, kodwa isathembele kakhulu emalahleni. Futhi nezitshalo ezintsha eziqhumisa amalahle zisakhiwa, ngokuphambene neziqinisekiso zika-Xi Jinping. (Eqinisweni, umbiko omusha uveza ukuthi amalahle aseChina izimayini ziwumthombo obalulekile we-methane.)
Lapho ohulumeni abangu-118 bethembisa e-Dubai ukuthi bazosebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo kathathu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphindwe kabili emhlabeni wonke kuyilapho benciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, i-China (kanye ne-India) ayizange ivume. Lezi zinyathelo ezenziwa yi-China zibukela phansi esinye isithembiso u-Xi asenza: sokuthi i-China izozuza i-net-zero ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni ngo-2060. Akukho-ke-futhi akumangalisi ukuthi u-Xi wavele wathi i-China ngeke ikhiphe imigomo yayo kazwelonke yokukhipha ikhabhoni ngo-2030 no-2035 kuze kube ngu-2025.
I-COP28 ngokungangabazeki izophetha ngesitatimende esivamile senhloso yokwenza okwengeziwe, kusetshenziswa ulimi oluklanyelwe ikakhulukazi ukufihla umehluko omkhulu. Kodwa futhi, njengasezingqungqutheleni ezedlule, ngeke zenziwe izindlela zokubamba izinhlangothi ezithembisweni zazo futhi zinikeze ukwengamela imizamo yangempela yokulwa nekhabhoni.
Yingakho sithembele kakhulu emaqenjini kanye nakubantu abalwela imvelo; benza umsebenzi abanye abenqaba ukuwenza.
UMel Gurtov, ogunyazwe ngu PeaceVoice, unguProfesa Emeritus Wesayensi Yezombangazwe e-Portland State University kanye namabhulogi at In Interesting Abantu.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela