XA iinkokeli UNION kunye Wall Street Journal bobabini bayasincoma isivumelwano sabasebenzi, abasebenzi benqanaba kunye nefayile kufuneka babuze: Ngaba esi sivumelwano sinokulunga kuthi? Lo mbuzo uza kukhokela intlanganiso yoNxweme lwe-International Longshore and Warehouse (ILWU) nge-9 kaDisemba.
Abathunywa abamele abasebenzi basezibukweni abangama-10,500 kumazibuko angama-29 kuNxweme oluseNtshona baza kuhlangana ukuze baphonononge ikhontrakthi engekaphunyezwa-isivumelwano ekuxoxiswene ngaso phantsi koloyiko longenelelo lukarhulumente, oluthi, uninzi lwamatshantliziyo akwizikhundla nefayile, luqulathe iminyinyiva engamkelekanga.
Isivumelwano safika kwiiveki ezintandathu emva kokuba uGeorge W. Bush ecele i-Taft-Hartley Act, ephelisa ukuvalwa kweentsuku ze-10 yi-Pacific Maritime Association (PMA). Olu ngenelelo-olokuqala kwimeko yokuvalelwa ngaphandle-lukhokelele kumyalelo wenkundla yenkundla yeentsuku ezingama-80 owavala ukumiswa komsebenzi kunye nokucotha kwaye waxhobisa ijaji echopheleyo ukuba ihlawulise imanyano ukuba ifumanise ukuba abasebenzi bophule lo myalelo.
Njengoko iholide yoSuku loMbulelo yayisondela, i-PMA kunye ne-ILWU yenze isivumelwano esincinci malunga neteknoloji, kodwa uthethathethwano lwamiswa. UMlawuli we-Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service uPeter Hurtgen wasebenzisa amandla akhe phantsi kweTaft-Hartley ukunyanzelisa isantya seentetho. โNdibaxelele ukuba ukuba asinakuyenza kule veki, kuya kufuneka ndinqumame kwaye ndiqalise kwakhona [uthethathethwano], kwaye singayenza eWashington, nge-4 okanye nge-5 kaDisemba,โ utshilo u-Hurtgen. ISan Francisco Chronicle.
Kodwa ucwangciso olunjalo belunokuvumela usuku olunye okanye ezimbini kuphela ukuthetha-thethana phambi kokuba umthetho waseTaft-Hartley unyanzelise ivoti kunikezelo lokugqibela lwabaphathi, oluqhutywa yiBhodi yeSizwe yoBudlelwane bezaBasebenzi kunemanyano.
Ukuba i-ILWU iye yasivotela isindululo kolu kuvota, lo myalelo ngewuphelelwe kwaye ukhulule omabini amaqela ukuba athathe amanyathelo. Kodwa oku bekuya kuphakamisa ithuba lokuzinziswa kwesigqibo ngesenzo seCongress. โUTaft-Hartley ufuna ukuba amaqela athethathethane,โ utshilo uJack Toner, isithethi sikaHurtgen. Ngokwesiqhelo, abalamli abanaso eso sando.
Kwaba phantsi kwesi sando ukuba i-ILWU ivume isivumelwano esicetywayo-inyanga zongenelelo lukarhulumente olwaqala phambi kokuba kuphele isivumelwano esidala xa umphathi wezokhuseleko lwelizwe uTom Ridge wabiza amagosa e-ILWU ukuba alumkise ukuba naluphi na uqhankqalazo lwabasebenzi basezibukweni luya kuvalwa โ ukhuseleko lwesizweโ.
Umongameli weManyano uJames Spinosa uphendule kwizoyikiso zikaRidge ngesicwangciso sokugcina. Wala ukubiza ivoti yogunyaziso logwayimbo, wazama ukubiza ingubo "yokhuseleko lwesizwe" kwimanyano ngokwayo kwaye wandisa isivumelwano emva kokuphela kukaJulayi 1 kude kube sekupheleni kukaSeptemba, xa uxinzelelo oluvela kwirenki kunye nefayile ekugqibeleni lwakhokelela ekunciphiseni.
โAwunakukwazi ukuthethana ngezivumelwano phantsi kwesoyikiso esinje,โ utshilo uJack Mulcahy, ilungu le-ILWU Local 8 ePortland, e-Ore., Kwiminyaka engama-27 kunye ne-arhente yangaphambili yeshishini yendawo. โ[Iinkokeli ze-ILWU] zazinoloyiko lokuba zingasisa eWashington. Abayazi indlela yokusebenzisa abasebenzi ukulwa nabaqeshi. Endaweni yoko, bazibandakanye kwiphulo lezopolitiko elingaphumeleliyo le-AFL-CIOโ lokunyula iiDemokhrasi kunyulo lwe-5 kaNovemba.
โUkuphela komdlalo yayikukuba samkele isipho sabaqeshi,โ utshilo uMulcahy. โBesinompu entloko. Yikhontrakthi yemvumelwano, kwaye ndiyathemba ukuba iCaucus yoNxweme izoyivotela.
Kutheni amalungu e-ILWU kufuneka akwale ukunyinyiswa kwemiqathango
AMAGOSA e-ILWU abamba iinkcukacha zekhontrakthi ide idibane neCoast Caucus. Kodwa izinto eziphambili zesivumelwano zaxelwa ngokubanzi kwaye zaqinisekiswa Umsebenzi wezeNtlalontle ngemithombo ekufutshane thethwano.
Ikhontrakthi yeminyaka emithandathu kuxelwe ukuba ivumela i-PMA ukuba ishenxise izikhundla zoomabhalana abangama-600โeyona misebenzi ihlawula kakhulu kwi-ILWUโkwaye iphumeze ubuchwephesha bolwazi obutsha ngenkqubo yolamlo.
Ngembuyekezo, i-ILWU ifumene umsebenzi ongomnye wobomi bakhe nawuphi na umabhalane ogama lakhe licinyiweyo, igunya lemanyano malunga nokucwangciswa kwemisebenzi yeeyadi kunye nomzila kaloliwe, kunye nokunyuka kweepesenti ezingama-50 kwipenshini ukuya kuthi ga kwi-63,000 yeedola, imithombo yolawulo yathi.
Umyinge wentlawulo yomsebenzi osisiseko wedokhi kuxelwe ukuba uza kunyuka ukusuka kwi-27.68 yeedola ukuya kwi-30.68 yeedola ngeyure, ngelixa abasebenzi abanezakhono koomatshini abakhulu beya kukwazi ukusebenza ukuya kutsho kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe-ukuhlawulela umsebenzi weentsuku ezintlanu.
"Ndivakalelwa kukuba olu luloyiso olukhulu lwe-ILWU kunye nombutho wabasebenzi," uSpinosa uxelele iintatheli emva kokubhengezwa kwesivumelwano. Unobhala we-AFL-CIO onguNondyebo u-Rich Trumka, odlale indima ebalulekileyo kwiingxoxo, naye uthe waphumelela.
Kodwa Wall Street Journal ibhengeze ikhontrakthi uloyiso olukhulu-kubaphathi. Kwinqaku lomhleli elinomxholo othi โTaft-Hartley, Uloyiso,โ i Journal Ubhale wathi, "Ngokuthatha i-longshoremen's bargaining chip-into yokwenza kuqoqosho luphela-kwaye ebuyisela izinto kwimeko yesiqhelo, umongameli wenze ukuba kube nzima kakhulu kubasebenzi basezikhunjini ukugcina isimo sabo sokulwa."
Ujongo olusondeleyo lubonisa ukuba Wall Street Journal ilungileโukuba i-ILWU yenze izinyinyiva ezinkulu. Nokuba inani lilonke lemisebenzi yoomabhalana lihlala lizinzile ngenxa yokukhula kwamazibuko, abaphathi baya kuphumelela ekususeni ngokusisigxina omnye owona msebenzi uhlawula kakhulu kumvuzo wabo-nto leyo ethetha ukuncitshiswa kwamathuba kumalungu e-ILWU okufudukela kwizakhono eziphezulu. kunye nezikhundla ezihlawulwa ngcono. Nkqu nemivuzo yabasebenzi abasisiseko ifika kumyinge we-1.8 ekhulwini ngonyaka-ngaphantsi kweqondo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso.
Kwangaxeshanye, iPort yaseLos Angeles esele inkulu kulindeleke ukuba iphindeke kabini kwisithuba seminyaka eli-10 ezayo, ngokukhula okufanayo kulindeleke kwiLong Beach engummelwane. Ke ngoko, imivuzo yabasebenzi abaninzi kwelona zibuko likhulu lesizwe iya kudodobala, ngelixa abaqeshi bexhamla ekonyukeni okukhulu kwemveliso.
Ngeli xesha, isivumelwano siza kuvumela abaqeshi ukuba banyuse kakhulu umvuzo wabasebenzi abanezakhono zezixhobo ezinzima-injongo yexesha elide yolawulo. I-PMA iye yahlala imfutshane kubasebenzi abanezakhono ezifunekayo ukuze baqhube iikhreyini kunye noomatshini abafanayo kwaye bakhetha ukuqesha "abasebenzi abazinzileyo" -amalungu e-ILWU asebenzela umqeshi omnye kunokuba afune imisebenzi ngeholo lokuqesha.
Abaqeshi badla ngokuthethathethana ngezivumelwano ezisecaleni zokunyusa imivuzo yabasebenzi abanezakhono ngaphandle kwekhontrakthi-isenzo esavalwa ngokusesikweni kwisivumelwano sika-1996, kodwa saphinda samiselwa kunxibelelwano luka-1999 okwathethwathethwana ngalo phantsi kobunkokeli be-Spinosa.
Isivumelwano esitsha siza kuphelisa umda okhoyo ngoku weentsuku ezintathu-evekini wokusetyenziswa kwabasebenzi abazinzileyo-uthintelo oluyilelwe ukunika amalungu amaninzi e-ILWU ukufikelela kule misebenzi ihlawula kakhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, abaqhubi bezixhobo ezinezakhono baya kufumana "ibhonasi yokwahluka kwezakhono" yeepesenti ezingama-25 ngaphezulu kwemivuzo yabo esisiseko.
"Uninzi lwabaqeshi bayakuvuyela ukuhlawula imivuzo eyongezelelweyo ukuze bagcine abaqhubi babo becrane abangcono kwiindawo zabo," i-pro-management. Ijenali yoRhwebo Oku kusemva kokuba imagazini ifake izikhalazo zabaqeshi malunga โnentlawulo ethe kratyaโ yabasebenzi basedokhini ngexesha lokuvalwa.
Umba obalulekileyo ibikukuphunyezwa kobuchwepheshe-okuya kugqitywa ngolamlo. Kwaye omnye umqeshi omkhulu, iStevedoring Services yaseMelika, uthembisa ukulwa ukugcina imisebenzi yokucwangcisa ngaphandle komanyano.
"Umtyholi uya kuba kwiinkcukacha zesivumelwano sobuchwephesha," utshilo uPeter Olney, owayengumlawuli oququzelelayo we-ILWU ngoku ongumlawuli odibeneyo weZiko lezeMisebenzi kunye neNgqesho kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia-Berkeley. "Eyona nto ibalulekileyo iya kuba yindlela umanyano olugcina ngayo ulawulo lwayo-nto leyo imalunga namandla kumda wamanzi."
Imbali ye-ILWU kunye nesivumelwano sokuSebenza kunye neModerization ngeminyaka yee-1960s iqaqambisa isoyikiso. Kweso sivumelwano, abaqeshi bafumana ulwando lwama-600 ekhulwini kwimveliso phakathi kowe-1960 nowe-1980, ngoxa inani labasebenzi basezibukweni ababhalisiweyo lehla ukusuka kwi-14,500 1960 ngowe-8,400 laya kutsho kuma-XNUMX XNUMX kwangelo xesha linye.
Amalungu e-ILWU kufuneka ajonge kwamanye amashishini-ingakumbi namhlanje, iinkampani zeenqwelomoya-ukubona ukuba iminyinyiva ngokungenakuthintelwa ikhokelele kwiminyinyiva engaphezulu. Amalungu e-ILWU kufuneka ayale esi sivumelwano-kwaye aqalise ukulungelelanisa umanyano ukuze athathele abaqeshi kunye nabaxhasi babo eWashington.
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