Inyathelo le-Chicago Teachers Union (CTU) lokuchasa umthetho ochasene nomanyano limisela iqonga lokungqubana noSodolophu ongenayo u-Rahm Emanuel kumdlalo onokuba khona wokulwa ootishala ngeminyaka yee-1960 zokuthethathethana ngokuhlangeneyo nelungelo lokugwayimba.
Ivoti ye-2 kaCanzibe yebhodi yesigqeba se-CTU, engqinwe yiNdlu yaBameli bomanyano kwiintsuku ezimbini emva koko, iyasirhoxisa isigqibo sikaMongameli weCTU uKaren Lewis sokuxhasa umthetho. eyaziwa ngokuba yi-SB7 [1]. Ukuba inokuthi ibe ngumthetho, iSB 7 iya kuhlutha umanyano lwamalungelo awo okuqhankqalaza kunye nokuphelisa amalungelo amaninzi asekiweyo e-CTU othethathethwano oludibeneyo.
Ngoku iCTU ikwirekhodi yokwala ukunikezela ngala malungelo.
Indlu yowiso-mthetho yase-Illinois-phantsi koxinzelelo oluthe ngqo lukaEmanuel [2]โIsenokwandisa imbono ngemithetho engqongqo echasene nomanyano, kuquka nokuvalwa ngokupheleleyo kogwayimbo lootitshala eChicago. Kodwa amalungu eCaucus of Rank-and-File Educators (CORE) yeCTU aququzelele ukuphumeza isigqibo kwibhodi yesigqeba sombutho kunye neentlanganiso zabathunywa eziye zarhoxisa inkxaso yemanyano kulo mthetho oyilwayo.
U-Lewis, kunye ne-Illinois Federation of Teachers (IFT) uMongameli uDan Montgomery kunye noMongameli we-Illinois Education Association (IEA) uKen Swanson, bavumile i-SB 7 ngo-Epreli 12 emva kweeveki zothethwano kunye nemikhosi echasene nomanyano ekhokelwa zizikolo ezimbini ezixhaswa ngemali yibhiliyoni "uhlaziyo. "Imibutho, yimela abantwana kunye ne-Advance Illinois.
Iinkokheli zomanyano basikhusele isivumelwano sabo neSB 7 [3] ngokuyithelekisa nomthetho oqatha owawucetywa ngaphambili. "I-IFT, i-IEA kunye ne-CTU bayaziqhenya ngokuxhasa i-Senate Bill 7, equlethe eyona nto ibalulekileyo, isibindi kunye neenguqu ezibanzi kwimfundo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-40," imibutho yabasebenzi yatsho kwingxelo ebhaliweyo.
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ENENE, i-SB 7 inika imanyano-bashers uloyiso olubalulekileyo, ijongela phantsi amalungelo e-tenure ukwenzela ukuba iinqununu zibe nako ukubasusa ngokulula ootitshala abakudidi oluphezulu oluhlelwe njengabangasebenziyo phantsi kweenkqubo zovavanyo ezintsha nezingekavavanywa. "Ekuyekisweni komsebenzi, obekusenzeka kurhulumente, kugqitywe ukuqeshwa, kuqala ukugxothwa," utshilo uRobin Steans we-Advance Illinois [4]. "Into eyenziwa ngulo mthetho uyilwayo ngawo onke amaxesha, ithi, 'Hayi, oku akufanelanga ukuba malunga nokuba ngubani obesoloko ekho ixesha elide, kufuneka ibe malunga nendlela abantu abaqhuba ngayo abantwana, kwaye ngubani owenza owona msebenzi usebenzayo.'
IChicago ikhululwe kwelo candelo lomthetho-okwangoku-ngenxa yesimangalo esiqhubekayo. Kodwa abezopolitiko baqinisekile ukuba bacinezela imigangatho efanayo kwi-CTU kwixesha elizayo.
Ngaphaya koko, i-SB 7 ikhetha i-CTU ngokumisela usuku olude lwesikolo ngaphandle kokunyuswa kwentlawulo okuqinisekisiweyo.
Kwaye ukuba ootitshala baseChicago abayithandi loo nto, kubi kakhulu-i-SB 7 ingaliphelisa ngokupheleleyo ilungelo lemanyano lokugwayimba. Iya kunyanzelisa uthotho lolamlo, amaxesha okwazisa kunye neengxelo zokufumana iinyani eziya kuthi zinyanzelise ukulibaziseka kweenyanga ezintandathu ubuncinci phambi kokuba umanyano lwabasebenzi luqhankqalazele ukufumana ikhontrakthi engcono-okanye ukuchasa imiqathango yekhontrakthi ebekwe yibhodi yesikolo. Umthetho kwakhona uya kufuna ubuncinci be-75 yepesenti yabo bonke amalungu e-CTU ukuba bavotele ukuqhankqalaza-nto leyo ethetha ukuba naliphi na ilungu elithe lasilela ukuvota liya kubalwa njengevoti ethi "hayi".
I-SB 7 ikwahlasela intliziyo yequmrhu le-CTU leengxoxo zothethathethwano ngolwimi olungacacanga, kodwa ifuthe layo: โImpikiswano okanye ukungavisisani ngaso nasiphi na isifundo seCandelo 4.5 [oko kukuthi, iChicago Teachers Union kunye neChicago Public Schools] ayisayi kubakho. Isonjululwe ngokwemigaqo echazwe kulo Mthetho, kwaye iBhodi, umlamli, okanye umfumani-zinyani akanagunya kuso nasiphi na isifundo seCandelo 4.5."
Ngamanye amazwi, umthetho ukrola i-CTU kuMthetho woBudlelwane bezeMfundo e-Illinois kunye nokongamela kwibhodi enamalungu amahlanu ayongamela. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukhuseleko oluqhele ukwenziwa ngamalungelo othethathethwano oluhlangeneyo phantsi kwaloo mthetho, olufana nelungelo lokufaka izikhalazo, lunokupheliswa.
La manyathelo achasene nomanyano abangele ingxoxo-mpikiswano ngaphakathi kwe-CORE, iqumrhu eliphumelele ulawulo lwe-CTU ngaphantsi konyaka odlulileyo kwiqonga ledemokhrasi yomanyano kunye nokuma okuchasene nokunikezelwa kwemvume. Emva kokuba u-Lewis evumile kwi-SB 7 kwikomkhulu lase-Illinois e-Springfield ngaphandle kolwazi lwamanye amagosa ombutho kunye namalungu, amatsha ntliziyo e-CORE aqala ukutyhala imanyano ukuba irhoxise igama layo ekuxhaseni umthetho oyilwayo.
I-imeyile engu-CORE ethunyelwe kumalungu ecaucus yathi:
Ukuthintela izilungiso ezingalindelekanga, i-CORE ayinakuxhasa i-bill enokuba yingozi kakhulu.
Umntu omnye akanakunqanda indibaniselwano enamandla yemali namandla alungelelaniswe ngokuchasene nathi. Nezona nzame zethu zintle zisenokungawuyeki lo mthetho uyilwayo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba sidibane kwaye sijongane nemingeni yethu ecacileyo, ngokunyaniseka nangomanyano.
Iqonga limiselwe idabi, kwaye into esiyenzayo ngoku ibalulekile kungquzulwano oluzayo phakathi kukasodolophu ongenayo kunye nootitshala abakhathalela abantwana baseChicago.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, i-SB 7 iyongeza ulwimi olutsha oluchaza ukuba i-CTU inokuqalisa ivoti yogwayimbo ukuba ikhontrakthi "iphelile" -into ethi, phantsi kwesivumelwano sangoku se-CTU sengxoxo yengxoxo, inokwenzeka ukuba iBhodi yeMfundo iyakukhanyela ukonyuswa kwemivuzo okucwangcisiweyo, ezifana nolwando lwesi-4 ekhulwini olubekelwe umhla woku-1 kuJulayi.
Injongo ecacileyo yababhali bomthetho apha ayikokubonelela ngophawu lwelungelo lomanyano lokugwayimba, kodwa kukukhulula isandla seBhodi yezeMfundo kunye nendoda eza kuyilawula kwakamsinya-Rahm Emanuel-ukunyanzelisa imiqathango yakhe. iCTU.
Ayiyontelekelelo leyo. Qwalasela amazwi kaEmanuel kwi Chicago Sun-Times ngoJanuwari, inesihloko esithi, "U-Emanuel ubuyisela ukuxhatshazwa kootishala" [5]: โNjengokuba sinayo [imithetho echasene nogwayimbo] yamapolisa nabacimi-mlilo, ndingayenzela ootitshala kuba babonelela ngenkonzo ebalulekileyo,โ utshilo uEmanuel.
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NJENGOKO u-EMANUEL elungiselela uhlaselo lwakhe kwi-CTU, kubalulekile ukukhumbula indlela ootitshala abaye bawaphumelela ngayo amalungelo othethathethwano oludityanelweyo kwasekuqaleniโngokuzilungiselela ugwayimbo, nokuba babenalo na ilungelo elisemthethweni lokwenza oko.
UDavid Selden, owayengumququzeleli, nowayengumongameli we-American Federation of Teachers (AFT) ngeminyaka yoo-1960, wabhala kwimemori yakhe, Umfundisi-ntsapho Wavukela:
Ngenxa yokuba ootitshala, njengabanye abaqeshwa bakarhulumente, babengabandakanywanga kuMthetho weSizwe woBudlelwane bezaBasebenzi, kwakuza kufuneka "bajike indlela yabo" kwiingxoxo ezidityanisiweyo...Oko kukuthi, ootitshala kuya kufuneka baxhomekeke kumandla abo eqela, njengoko benjenjalo oomatshini bokwenza umsebenzi. ngeminyaka yee-1930. Iibhodi zezikolo zazinegunya lokubamba unyulo lokumelwa. Ootitshala kuya kufuneka babanyanzele ukuba benze okuthile.
Isixhobo soqhankqalazo sasingundoqo ekusekweni kweengxoxo ezidityanelweyo. Ngowe-1960, kwisiXeko saseNew York, iUnited Federation of Teachers yabamba ugwayimbo losuku olunye olwanyanzela ibhodi yesikolo yeso sixeko ukuba ihlangabezane neemfuno eziphambili zemibutho yabasebenzi. Impumelelo yeza phantse kwiminyaka emibini kamva kugwayimbo olwaphumelela ngokugqibeleleyo, ngaphandle kwemithetho echasene nogwayimbo. Ukuba ubunokunyanzeliswa, lo mthetho ubuya kuxabisa ootitshala abagwayimbileyo imisebenzi yaboโkwaye ukuba abo tishala bebenokuphinda baqeshwe, oko bekuya kubahlutha amalungelo e-tenure iminyaka emihlanu kwaye yonke imivuzo inyuswe ngemithandathu.
Kodwa ubungakanani nobugorha bogwayimbo buphumelele kwiingxoxo ezidityanelweyo zootitshala baseNew York ngaphandle kwezo zohlwayo, kwaye imithetho yaseNew York eyalandelayo evala ugwayimbo lwecandelo likarhulumente ayizange ikuthintele ukuhamba okongeziweyo kootitshala.
Ugwayimbo lwaseNew York lwaba yintlantsi yokunyuka kootitshala kuzwelonke ukuba baphumelele kwiingxoxo-nto leyo eyakhatywayo nguMbutho weSizwe weMfundo, owawulawulwa ngabalawuli ixesha elide. I-AFT, ngelixa incinci kakhulu, iphumelele amalungelo okumelwa kunye nothethathethwano oludibeneyo kuninzi lwezithili zezikolo zedolophu enkulu kuba amalungu ayo ayezimisele ukulwa ukuze aphumelele amalungelo awo.
Ngo-1966, kwabakho ugwayimbo lootitshala abangama-30, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba Detroit Free Press ukuqaphela, "Ugwayimbo kunye nezoyikiso zogwayimbo lwabasebenzi bakarhulumente, ngakumbi abafundisi-ntsapho, zibonakalisa umkhuhlane oyingozi, kwaye umkhuhlane uyanwenwa." Kunyaka olandelayo kwabakho ugwayimbo oluli-105, yaye ngowe-1968, iintsuku zokufundisa ezimalunga ne-2.2 yezigidi zalahleka ngenxa yogwayimbo.
EChicago, iCTU yaphumelela amalungelo eengxoxo ezidityanelweyo ngo-1966โiminyaka engama-30 emva kokusekwa komanyano. Ngaphambili, i-CTU ibithembele kwizivumelwano zokuxhawulana kunye nokuphembelela oomatshini bezopolitiko beDemokhrasi ukuba banyuse imivuzo kunye nokuphuculwa kweemeko zokusebenza. Kodwa ngokugrogrisa ngogwayimbo, iCTU yaphumelela amalungelo eengxoxo ezidityanelweyo, kwaye yaba noqhankqalazo lokuqala olusemthethweni kwiminyaka emithathu emva koko.
Ngeminyaka yoo-1970 kunye noo-1980, i-CTU mhlawumbi yayiyeyona ingoyena mbutho wootitshala kwisixeko esikhulu sase-US, ebetha alithoba kwiminyaka eli-18. Yiyo loo nto abezopolitiko abachase umbutho wootitshala bafumana indlu yowiso-mthetho yase-Illinois ukuba iquke isithintelo sogwayimbo lweenyanga ezili-18 kwiCTU kumthetho ka-1995 owabeka izikolo phantsi kolawulo oluthe ngqo lukaSodolophu waseChicago uRichard M. Daley.
Ulawulo lukasodolophu lwezikolo lungenise ngaphezu kweshumi leminyaka โlohlaziyoโ olungenasiphelo oluye lwabandakanya ukuvalwa kwezikolo okuninzi, ukulahleka kwemisebenzi yeCTU ngenxa yokwanda kwezikolo eziqeshiswayo, kunye nokudodobala okukhulu kokhuseleko lwemisebenzi yootitshala.
Phantse lonke elo xesha, umanyano lwaluqhutywa yi-United Progressive Caucus, eyayikhokele i-CTU ngexesha lomkhosi wayo, kodwa engazange yenze phantse kwanto ukudibanisa ukuchaswa kootitshala.
Ngokwahlukileyo, i-CORE yaqala ukulungelelanisa ngokuchasene nokuvalwa kwezikolo kunye namahlakani asekuhlaleni kwaye yaphumelela iofisi kwiphulo lokwakha amandla omanyano. Yiyo loo nto u-Emanuel namahlakani akhe kwindlu yowiso-mthetho yase-Illinois befuna ukukhawulezisa uhlaziyo lwemfundo yoshishino ngokubopha iCTU kwakhona ngomthetho ochasene nogwayimbo-ngeli xesha, ngokusisigxina. Kunye namaRiphabhlikhi afana no-Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker ngaphandle ukuba akhuphe iingxoxo zecandelo likarhulumente, iiDemokhrasi e-Illinois zinokutyhala umthetho wazo ochasene nomanyano kwaye zibonakale zifanelekile.
Ngaloo ndlela, uhlobo oluthile lomthetho othintela ilungelo le-CTU lokuqhankqalaza kunokwenzeka ukuba liphumelele indlu yowiso-mthetho yase-Illinois ngokunyanzeliswa kukaRahm Emanuel, othatha indawo njengosodolophu ngoMeyi 16. Usodolophu ongenayo uya kuzama ukwenza umzekelo weCTU, kungekhona nje ukuqhubela phambili i-ajenda yohlaziyo lwezikolo ezihlangeneyo, kodwa nokoyikisa amalungu eminye imibutho yabasebenzi bakarhulumente, imali yabo yomhlalaphantsi uEmanuel. ufuna ukusika [6].
Kwaye ukuba kukho nabani na othandabuzayo ukuba u-Emanuel uphumile ukuya kufumana iCTU, qwalasela ukhetho lukasodolophu ongenayo we-CEO yezikolo, uJean-Claude Brizard, ofumene Iipesenti ezingama-95 zevoti yokungazithembi [7] nguRochester, N.Y., ootitshala xa wayeqhuba izikolo kweso sixeko.
Konke oku kwenza indawo ye-CTU kwi-SB 7 evunyiweyo ka-Emanuel ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba umbutho ubunokuma ekuvumeni lo mthetho, ngewawaphoxile amalungu emibutho yabasebenzi, ikhuthaze abahlaziyi bezemfundo ukuba baqhubele phambili uhlaselo, kwaye yenze kube nzima kakhulu ukucela umngeni kumagatya achasene nogwayimbo ngezenzo zemisebenzi kwixesha elizayo.
Ngokuchasa ngokucacileyo iSB 7, ibhodi yesigqeba seCTU kunye nabathunywa bathathe inyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo ekulungiseleleni amalungu abo kungquzulwano olungenakuphepheka kunye nosodolophu olandelayo.
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