Singamisa kanjani i-Islamic State?
Zibone ngeso lengqondo uphapheme, waphuthuma emhlanganweni wamasu nomuntu okhethwe nguwe njengomongameli, futhi watshelwa: "Woza necebo lokuthi ngenze okuthile nge-ISIS!" Ungathini?
Okungasebenzanga
Kuzodingeka uqale ngesibuyekezo esihehayo salokho okungasebenzanga phakathi neminyaka eyi-14 nangaphezulu. Izenzo zaseMelika zokulwa nobushokobezi - i-Islamic State iwukunambitheka kwakamuva nje - ziye zehla ngezinga elimangalisayo, nokho zisalokhu zikhanga ngokumangalisayo eqenjini lethu lamanje labakhethiwe. (UBernie Sanders kungenzeka kube nguyena kuphela ohlukile, nakuba yena izisekelo ukwakha omunye umfelandawonye wokunqoba i-ISIS.)
Kungani izinketho ezihlulekile zisakhanga kangaka? Ngokwengxenye, ngoba ukuqhuma kwamabhomu nama-drones kukhona bakholwa iningi labantu baseMelika ukuthi kube yizinqubo zokuhlinza ezibulala abantu abaningi ababi, hhayi abantu abaningi abangenacala, futhi abekho nhlobo baseMelika. Njengoba iWashington ihlale ikucabanga, uma amandla omoya esedlala, othile okunye amabhuzu azogcina eshaye phansi (ngemuva kokuthi amasosha ase-US anikeze ukuqeqeshwa okudingekayo futhi izikhali). Idlanzana lamasosha eSpecial Forces, amabhuzu-uhlobo-on-the-ground, kuzosiza futhi ukuguqula isimo. Ngesanqathe noma induku, iWashington izoqoqa futhi ibambe ndawonye okunye manje-okubonayo, manje-awusiwo "umfelandawonye" "wezinhlangano ezihlangene" ukuze usize futhi usize umsebenzi osuwenzile. Futhi impumelelo izoba eyethu, noma izinguqulo zale fomula ziye zawela phansi kaningi e-Greater Middle East.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJuni 2014 kwe-Operation Inherent Resolve ngokumelene ne-Islamic State, i-US kanye nozakwethu bomfelandawonye baye bandiza. 9,041 izinhlobo, 5,959 e-Iraq kanye ne-3,082 eSyria. Okuningi kwethulwa nsuku zonke. I-US ithi ibulale phakathi 10,000 futhi 25,000 Izilwi ze-Islamic State, zisabalele impela, kodwa noma kunjalo, uma zinembile (okungabazekayo), okungenani abantu abambalwa ababi kuphela ngokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu. Ayisebenzi kahle kangako ebusweni bayo, kepha - njengoba izikhulu zokuphatha zika-Obama zivame ukugcizelela - lena "yimpi ende." I-CIA izilinganiso ukuthi i-Islamic State yayinamasosha angama-20,000 kuya kwangu-30,000 ngaphansi kwezikhali ngo-2014. Ngakho-ke endaweni ethile phakathi kwengxenye yesithathu yabo nabo bonke kufanele manje bahambe. Ngokusobala hhayi, kusukela muva nje izilinganiso Izidlamlilo ze-Islamic State zihlala kulelo banga lezi-20,000 kuye kwezingama-30,000 njengoba kuqala u-2016.
Kuthiwani-ke ngokuthunjwa kwamadolobha? Hhayi-ke, i-US kanye nabalingani bayo sebevele sebehambe imizuliswano embalwa uma kuziwa ekuthatheni amadolobha. Phela, amasosha ase-US athatha iRamadi, inhloko-dolobha yeSifundazwe sase-al-Anbar e-Iraq, ngo-2003, kuphela ukubona ibutho lase-Iraq eliqeqeshwe eMelika. ilahlekelwe yi-ISIS ngoMeyi 2015, kanye namasosha akhethekile ase-Iraq aqeqeshwe yi-US asekelwa amandla omoya ase-US thatha futhi (e cishe ibhujiswe ngokuphelele isimo) njengoba kuphela u-2015. Njengenye isazi ukubeka, ukucekelwa phansi kanye nezindleko zokwakha kabusha kwenza iRamadi “inqobe ngomqondo omubi kakhulu.” Nokho impi eWashington naseBaghdad isalokhu ithi "Qhubekela eMosul!"
“Impumelelo” efanayo ibilokhu isetshenziswa uma kukhulunywa ngokususa izishiqela ezimbi emhlabeni, noma ngabe uSaddam Hussein wase-Iraq noma u-Muammar Qaddafi waseLibya, bese kulandelwa iminyaka yokubuyela emuva. Okufanayo kongqondongqondo bamaphekula, okuhlanganisa u-Osama bin Laden no-Anwar al-Awlaki, kanye nezingqondo ezincane (Jihadi John eSyria), kuphela ukubona abanye vela futhi izingubo ezisabekayo zanda. Isamba sawo wonke lo msebenzi, iminyaka eyi-14 nangaphezulu, kube yizifunda ezihlulekayo kakhulu kanye nezikhala ezingabuswanga.
Uma ikhandidethi lakho lidinga isitatimende esifingqiwe sokuthi yini engakasebenzi, kulula: konke.
Buyingozi Kangakanani Ubuphekula BamaSulumane KwabaseMelika?
Kunoma iyiphi ingxabano oyenzayo kumuntu okhetha umongameli mayelana nokuthi yini "engasebenzi," udinga ukungeza ukuhlola okujulile komthelela wangempela wobuphekula e-United States ukuze ubuze umbuzo: Kungani ngempela sihileleke kule mpi. kulesi sikali?
Kunzima njengoba kuwukuthi ukuncenga a njalo kabusha ethukile Umphakathi waseMelika wesimo sangempela esibhekene naso, kube khona kuphela 38 Abantu baseMelika babulawa e-US ngamaphekula amaSulumane, izimpisi zodwa, noma abantu abazisholo ukuthi bathembekile ku-Islamic extremism, noma i-ISIS, noma i-al-Qaeda, kusukela ngomhlaka-9/11. Phikisana ngenombolo uma ufuna. Eqinisweni, iphindwe kabili noma kathathu futhi isengeza ekwehleni okudabukisayo kodwa okungenakuphikwa ebhakedeni. Ukuze uthole umbono othile, khetha isiqhathaniso osithandayo: inani labantu baseMelika ababulawa kusukela ngo-9/11 ngezibhamu (ngaphezulu 400,000) noma ngabashayeli abadakiwe ngo-2012 nje kuphela (ngaphezulu 10,000).
Futhi usiphephise enkingeni ekhathele yokuthi izindlela zokuphepha ezikhumulweni zezindiza zethu nakwezinye izindawo zisisindise kanjani ekubeni ngubani owaziyo ukuthi zingaki ukuhlaselwa. Ukuhlolwa kwakamuva okwenziwe yiHhovisi likaMhloli Jikelele woMnyango Wezasekhaya uqobo kukhombisile lokho 95% kokungemthetho, okuhlanganisa izikhali neziqhumane, kudlule ekuhlolweni kwesikhumulo sezindiza ngaphandle kokutholwa. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi abekho nje abantu ababi abaningi abahlose ukudiliza izwe lethu njengoba abangenele umkhankaso bengathanda ukucabanga?
Noma bheka ukugadwa kwengubo ye-National Security Agency's Fourth Amendment-smothering blanket. Kungakwenza kanjani lokho ngokumelene nokuqhuma kwamabhomu eBoston noma ukuhlasela kwaseSan Bernardino? Kukhona akukho bufakazi iye yaveza itulo langempela lobuphekula elibhekene naleli zwe.
Ubuphekula bamaSulumane e-United States abuyona ingozi enkulu kunokwesaba okukhethwe ngokucophelela.
Yethula Umuntu Ozongenela ukhetho Emhlabeni Wangempela
Kufanele ube nokunakwa yikhandidethi yakho okwamanje. Isikhathi sokumkhumbuza ukuthi impi yaseWashington ngamasu amaphekula isithumele okungenani $ 1.6 isigidintathu phansi komsele, kwesokunxele izinkulungwane yamasosha aseMelika kanye namakhulu ezinkulungwane, uma kungenjalo izigidi, amaSulumane afile. Endleleni salahlekelwa yinkululeko eyigugu esimweni sokuphepha sezwe esilokhu sikhula.
Ngakho-ke qala ukweluleka umuntu ozongenela ukhetho ukuthi impendulo efanele ku-Islamic State kufanele ilingane nosongo lwangempela. Phela, sineminyango yezomlilo ehlale ishayelwa ucingo, kodwa ayigibeli ibhoda amanzi ezindlini 24/7 “ngenxa yokuqapha okukhulu.”
Kufanele Senze Okuthile
Ngakho-ke nakhu ongaphakamisa ukuthi umuntu ozongenela ukhetho akwenze, ngoba uyazi ukuthi uzofuna “ukwenza okuthile.”
Qala ngokuphakamisa ukuthi, njengomphakathi, sizibheke ngokujulile thina, abaholi bethu, nabezindaba, siyeke ukubhebhezela amalangabi awo wonke umuntu. Isikhathi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, sokuma ukuhlukumeza kanye nokubandlulula abantu bethu abangamaSulumane, kuphela ukuma ngokuxega njengoba abambalwa babo beba ngama-radicalized, kwase kuthi uWashington ngaleso sikhathi. usola uTwitter. Njengomongameli, udinga ukuphuma kukho konke lokhu, futhi uvimbele abanye ekuthengeni kukho.
Ngokuqondene ne-Islamic State ngokwayo, ayikwazi ukusinda, ungalokothi ucabange ukulwa, ngaphandle kwezimali. Ngakho-ke ikhandidethi, sekuyisikhathi sokuphakamisa indoda/uwesifazane, futhi ulandele imithombo yangempela yoxhaso.
Inqobo nje uma i-US iphikelela ekuhlaselweni komoya okundizayo (futhi umuntu ozongenela ukhetho ngeshwa angase adinge ukwenza kanjalo ukuze avale uhlangothi lwalo kwesokudla), aqondise kakhulu kunamanje komunye wemithombo yemali ye-ISIS: ukuthunyelwa kukawoyela kwamanye amazwe. Vuthela amaloli athutha amafutha. Phuma ama-wellheads ezindaweni ezibuswa yi-ISIS. Ukuthola okuhlosiwe akunzima. AmaRashiya ikhishwe izithombe zokuhlola ezikhombisa lokho abathi ngamaloli angu-12,000 alayishwe uwoyela oshushumbisiwe, asekelwa eduze komngcele waseTurkey.
Kodwa khumbuza umuntu ozongenela ukhetho ukuthi lokhu ngeke kube ukunwetshwa kwempi yomoya noma ukusuka emkhankasweni owodwa wokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kuye komunye omusha. Kungaba umnyakazo wesikhashana, nephuzu lokugcina elichaziwe lokuvala ukugeleza kwamafutha. Kungaba ingxenye eyodwa yomzamo omkhulu kakhulu wokuvala imithombo yezimali ye-ISIS.
Okulandelayo, sebenzisa noma iyiphi ingcindezi yezamanxusa nezomnotho ekhona ukuze ukwenze kucace kuyo noma ngubani eTurkey ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuyeka ukwenza lula ukugeleza kwalawo mafutha e-ISIS emakethe emnyama. Bese usebenzisa yona leyo ngcindezi yezokuxhumana nezomnotho ukuphoqa abathengi ukuthi bayeke ukuyithenga. Abanye imibiko ukuphakamisa lokho Israel, ekhishwe emithonjeni eminingi yama-Arab kawoyela, isiphenduke umthengi omkhulu wezimpahla ze-ISIS. Uma kunjalo, nyathela izinzwane ezihlangene. Hhayi-ke, kukhona othenga lonke lelo golide elimnyama lemakethe emnyama.
Okufanayo kufanele kuhambe ngokuziphatha kweTurkey ku-ISIS. Lokho kungasuka ekuzimiseleni kwayo fight Amabutho amaKurdish alwa ne-ISIS ngendlela eyiyo kuvunyelwe jihadis ukungena eSyria ngokusebenzisa indawo yayo ngendlela eyiyo kuhlanganiswe izikhali emaqenjini ahlukene amaSulumane ngokwedlulele kulelozwe. Xhumana namanye amalungu e-NATO aseTurkey. Bavumele baphakamise ezinye zezinto ezinzima. Banenja kule mpi, futhi.
Futhi ukukhuluma ngokunyathela izinzwane ezihlangene, kwenze kucace kumaSaudis nakwamanye amaSunni Persian Gulf athi kumele Ima ukuthumela imali ku-ISIS. Yebo, sitshelwa ukuthi lokhu kugeleza “Iminikelo” ivela izakhamuzi ezizimele, hhayi uhulumeni waseSaudi noma labomakhelwane bayo. Noma kunjalo, kufanele bakwazi ukufaka ingcindezi yokuvala i-valve. Khohlwa "akukho-fly indawo" enyakatho yeSyria - esinye "isixazululo" esingenazithelo enkingeni ye-Islamic State ukuthi abangenele ukhetho lobumongameli abahlukahlukene manje iyaxhuma - futhi asebenzise uhlelo lwamabhange omhlaba ukuze kwakheke indawo yokungagelezi.
Ungase ungakwazi ukumisa yonke imali ukuze ifinyelele ku-ISIS, kodwa iningi layo lizokwenza esimweni lapho idola ngalinye libalwa.
Umuntu ozongenela ukhetho uyobe esekubuza, “Yini enye? Kufanele kube nokunye esingakwenza, akunjalo?”
Kulokhu, impendulo yakho kufanele ibe luhlaza: Phuma. Hlalisa izindiza, wehlise ama-drones, bese uhoxa. Khipha amabhuzu, abaqeqeshi, abalwi baseMelika kanye nabasondelene nabo (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi ukuthukuthela okwamanje kubo). Noma ubani owake walalela ingoma yezwe nentshonalanga uyazi ukuthi sihlala sinesikhathi sokusuka etafuleni futhi unciphise ukulahlekelwa kwakho. Ukuphonsa imali ethe xaxa (izimpilo, ukuhlonishwa komhlaba wonke…) ebhodweni ngeke kuguqule amakhadi owaphethe. Okwenzayo nje ukuhlehlisa into engenakugwemeka ngezindleko ezinkulu.
Ekugcineni, akukho lutho i-United States engayenza mayelana nezinqubo manje eziqhubekayo eMpumalanga Ephakathi ngaphandle kokuma ogwini uzama ukuphindisela emuva amagagasi.
Lona umlando okhuluma nathi.
Leyo nto ye-Darn History
Ngezinye izikhathi izinto zishintsha ngokusobala ngesikhathi esithile: ngo-December 7, 1941, ePearl Harbor, noma ekuseni ngo-September 11, 2001. Ngezinye izikhathi uguquko kuba nzima ukulikhomba, njengokuqala kwezinxushunxushu zomphakathi, e-US, ezafika. zaziwa ngokuthi "amaSixties."
EMpumalanga Ephakathi ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I, abameleli abanqobile baseBrithani namaFulentshi wadweba imingcele yezwe ngaphandle kokubheka ubuzwe, ihlelo, inkolo, isizwe, izinsiza, noma amanye amaqiniso. Umgomo wabo kwakuwukuhlukanisa uMbuso Wase-Ottoman owawunqotshiwe. Kamuva, njengoba izinhlelo zabo zombuso ziwa, iWashington yathuthela (yize yenqaba amakoloni ngokuqondile ombuso ngommeleli). Umbuso wobushiqela wezwe waphoqelelwa esifundeni futhi wasekelwa amazwe aseNtshonalanga ngezinsuku zawo ezinqunyiwe. Noma isiphi isifiso sokuzibusa esithandwayo sehliswa noma sabhujiswa, njengasekuketulweni kukaNdunankulu okhethiwe u-Mohammad Mossadegh e-Iran ngo-1953, noma ngendlela yokuphatha kuka-Obama. kusetshenziswe i-Arab Spring e-Egypt, okwaholela ekususweni kukahulumeni okhethwe ngentando yeningi ngokuketulwa kwamasosha ngo-2013.
Kulo mongo omkhulu, i-Islamic State iyisibonakaliso kuphela, hhayi isifo. Inkinga yaseWashington kube isifiso sayo sokugcina uhlelo lwezwe oluwayo enkabeni yeMiddle East. Ukuhlasela kukaBush ngo-2003 e-Iraq kwasheshisa inqubo ngendlela eyingozi kakhulu. Eminyakeni eyishumi nambili kamuva, angeke kube khona umbuzo wokuthi isimo sesishintshile eMpumalanga Ephakathi - unomphela.
Sekuyisikhathi sokuthi i-US ihlehle idedele abalingisi bendawo ukuthi babhekane nesimo samanje. Ukusongela kwe-ISIS kithi empeleni kuncane. Ukusongela kwayo kulabo abakulesi sifunda kungenye indaba ngokuphelele. Ngaphandle kokuthi iWashington iqhubekisela phambili isimo, kungumnyakazo lapho imikhawulo yawo izobonakala ngokushesha ngokwanele.
Impi ne-ISIS empeleni ingumzabalazo wemibono, i-anti-western kanye ne-imperialist, egcwele umuzwa wenkolo. Awukwazi ukuqhumisa umqondo noma inkolo kude. Noma ngabe yini iWashington engase ifune, ingxenye enkulu yeMpumalanga Ephakathi ibheke kohulumeni abangebona abezwe, futhi ekubhujisweni kwamakhosi nezigebengu zempi zisazama ukulondoloza izinguqulo ezibuyekeziwe zohlelo lwangemva kweMpi Yezwe I. Kule nqubo, imingcele, evele ichitheka, izodwetshwa kabusha ngokushesha noma kamuva ngezindlela ezibonisa indlela abantu abaphansi abazibona ngayo.
Kuncane ukusetshenziswa ekubuzeni ukuthi lokhu kuyinto elungile noma engalungile ngoba kuncane iWashington engakwenza ukuyimisa. Nokho, njengoba kufanele ngabe sifundile kule minyaka engu-14 edlule, kuningi engakwenza ukuze izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu kunalokho obekudingeka ukuba zibe khona. Umbuzo obuhlungu namuhla owokuthi le nqubo ebuhlungu ithatha isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi ikhipha izindleko ezingakanani. Ukuthatha owake waba nguMongameli uGeorge W. Bush ibinzana futhi uyisonte kancane, uhambisana nokugeleza komlando noma uphikisana nayo.
Zesabeni
Ekuqaleni, ukuhoxa kwezempi kweWashington enhliziyweni yeMpumalanga Ephakathi ngokungangabazeki kuzophazamisa izilinganiso zamandla eziqinile zamanje esifundeni. Kuzovela izikhala ezintsha futhi abalingiswa abangalungile bazongena ngokushesha. Kodwa i-US inomlando omude wokusebenza ngokuzikhandla ngezibalo ezingaphansi ezikhangayo (cabanga: u-Shah wase-Iran, u-Anwar Sadat, noma uSaddam Hussein ngaphambi kokuba abe yisitha) noma ukubahlukanisa. . I-Iran, njengamanje amandla azayo endaweni engekho e-United States, akungabazeki ukuthi izozuza, kodwa ukungena kabusha ohlelweni lomhlaba wonke kuyalingana Ukugwema.
Amafutha azoqhubeka egeleza; kufanele. Amazwe aseMpumalanga Ephakathi anokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okukodwa kuphela futhi adinga ukungenisa cishe yonke enye into. Awukwazi ukudla amafutha, ngakho-ke kufanele uwathengise, futhi iphesenti elikhulu lalawo mafutha selivele lithengiselwe umuntu othengisa kakhulu. izimakethe zomhlaba.
Kuliqiniso ukuthi, ngisho nangemva kokuhoxa kweMelika, i-Islamic State isengazama ukuhlasela ngendlela yaseParis noma ikhuthaze udlame lwesitayela saseSan Bernardino ngoba, ngokombono wokuqasha kanye nenkulumo-ze, kunenzuzo ukuba ne-US amandla obukoloni bangaphambili njengezitha zakho zokuqala. Lokhu bekuyinto u-Osama bin Laden ayibona kusenesikhathi lapho evakashela iWashington. Uphumelele ukudlula amaphupho akhe amakhulu ekudonseleni i-US ekujuleni kodaka futhi akhohlise iWashington ukuba imenzele umsebenzi wakhe omningi. Kodwa izingozi zokuhlaselwa okunjalo zihlala zilinganiselwe futhi zingaphila nazo. Njengesizwe, sasinda eMpini Yezwe II, amashumi eminyaka okuqothulwa kwezikhali zenuzi, kanye nenqwaba yezinsongo ezinkulu kune-ISIS. Kuwubuwula ukukholelwa ukuthi ubuphekula buyingozi enkulu ekusindeni kwethu.
Futhi nali iqiniso elilula ongachazela umuntu wakho: asikwazi ukuvikela yonke into, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yikho konke okwenziwayo. Singazama ukuvala izikhumulo zezindiza kanye nezakhiwo zikahulumeni, kodwa ayikho indlela, futhi akufanele kube khona, yokuvikela wonke amaphathi amaholide eSan Bernardino, zonke izikole, nazo zonke izitobhi zamabhasi. Kufanele, empeleni, sibe namahloni ukuba umphakathi ogcwele ukwesaba lapha ekhaya lamaqhawe. Namuhla, ngokudabukisayo, isibonelo esigqame kakhulu sokuhluka kweMelika ukuba yizwe elesaba kakhulu emhlabeni. Kungalowo mqondo kuphela kungathiwa amaphekula “ayawina” eMelika.
Kuleli qophelo, ozongenela ukhetho ngokungangabazeki uzothi: “Ima! Ingabe le mibono ngeke ibe nzima ukuyithengisa kubantu baseMelika? Ngeke yini abalingani bethu baphikise?”
Futhi impendulo kulokho, okungenani kulowo ongenele ukhetho ongaqinisekile ukuthi okunye okufanayo kuwukuphela kwendlela okufanele uhambe ngayo, ingase ibe yilena: “Ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-14 yezimpendulo ezingalungile nezinhlekelele ezalandela, ingabe unokuthile okungcono kakhulu ukusikisela?”
Peter Van Buren, a TomDispatch Njalo, yashaya impempe ngokulahlwa koMnyango Wezwe kanye nokungaphathi kahle ngesikhathi kwakhiwa kabusha i-Iraqi Besiqonde Kahle: Ukuthi Ngisize Kanjani Ukulahlekelwa Impi Yezinhliziyo Nezingqondo Zabantu Base-Iraq. A TomDispatch njalo, ubhala ngezenzakalo zamanje at Besisho Kahle. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi Izipoki zika-Tom Joad: Indaba ye-#99Percent. Umsebenzi wakhe olandelayo kuzoba inoveli, Impi kaHooper.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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Kungani uyeka ukuhlehla eMpumalanga Ephakathi?
Umqondo ofanayo ungasetshenziswa eJapane, eJalimane, ePhilippines, e-Indonesia, e-Afrika, eMelika ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika.
Ngokushesha lapho inxanxathela yezempi-yezimboni iyalwa ukuba ihlehle futhi imunce isihlabathi, ngokushesha umhlaba wonke uzofika ekuthuleni.
Ngeshwa ayikho inzuzo ngokuthula. Izimali ezinkulu zisekulweni futhi zigcina umkhokhi wentela esesimweni sokwesaba okuqhubekayo.