Lapho ikhandidethi likamongameli uBernie Sanders ekhuluma ngokungalingani kweholo, futhi lapho abanye abangenele bekhuluma ngamaholo amancane nezitembu zokudla, basuke bekhuluma ngani ngempela?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayazi noma cha, kuyinto efana nale.
Impilo Yami Yokusebenza Khona
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, I wabhala mayelana nolwazi lwami olugxile emnothweni wamaholo amancane, ngilandisa ngokuwa kwabantu abalungile ababengakwazi ukuthola imali eyanele, ngokuvamile besebenza amahora angu-60 nangaphezulu ngesonto emisebenzini eminingi, ukuze bondle imindeni yabo. Ngabona ukuthi, kuleli zwe, abantu abazama ukuziphilisa ngale ndlela kusafanele baphendukele kuyo izinhlelo zenzuzo yokudla kanye nesisa. Ngabona isisebenzi sixoshelwe ukweba ukudla kwasemini esiqandisini se-break room ukuze siziphakele. Ngabuka omunye engangisebenza naye engenisa izingane zakhe ezimbili ngasese esitolo futhi wazishiya zizulazula zodwa amahora amaningi ngoba wayengakwazi ukukhokhela ukunakekela izingane. (Njengoba kwenzeka, 29% abasebenzi abahola kancane bangabazali abangabodwa.)
Ngaleso sikhathi, sengisebenze eMnyangweni WezoMbuso iminyaka engu-24, ngase ngixoshiwe ngenxa yokuba ngumfundi umemeza. Ngangingenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi kuzokwenzekani kimi ngokulandelayo futhi ngathatha uchungechunge lwemisebenzi emincane yamaholo. Ukuzithola ngicwila emnothweni ohola kancane kwaba yinto edabukisayo, eyethusayo, eyangenza ngabona ukuthi ngangingazi lutho ngokuphila kwabantu ababengifonela ezitolo noma bangiphakele ukudla ezindaweni zokudlela. Nakuba izigidi zabantu abadala zisebenzela iholo elincane, ngaze ngazenza mina ngokwami โโngangingazi lutho ngokuthi lokho kwakuhilelani, okusho ukuthi ngangingazi lutho ngeMelika yangekhulunyaka lamashumi amabili nanye.
Ngaba nenhlanhla. Angizange ngibe ngomunye walezo zigidi zabantu abavaleleke โnjengabampofu abasebenzayo.โ Ngiphumelele. Kodwa ngayo yonke inkulumo yokhetho mayelana nomnotho, ngabona sekuyisikhathi sokuthi ngibuyele emuva ngiphinde ngibheke lapho kade ngikhona, nalapho abanye abaningi besekhona.
Impilo Yami Esebenzayo Manje
Ngithole ukuthi izinto zazifana kakhulu ngo-2016 njengoba zazinjalo ngo-2012, okusho ukuthi - ngoba kwakungekho ukuthuthuka kwangempela - ukuthi empeleni izinto zazimbi kakhulu.
Kulokhu, ngasebenza inyanga nesigamu enkampanini yezitolo eNew York City. Nakuba okwami โโkwakungesona neze isilingo sesayensi, ngangingazimisela ukubheja ihora lomholo wami omncane ($9 ngaphambi kwentela) ukuthi okulandelayo kufana kakhulu ne-New Economy.
Ukuqashwa nje bekungelula kulo mfana oneminyaka engu-56. Ukuze ngibe umabhalane wezentengiso, ngidayisa izinto ngokuvamile ezazingaphansi kuka-$50 umuntu ngamunye, ngangidinga izinkomba ezimbili zokuqashwa kwangaphambilini futhi kwadingeka ngiphumelele isheke lesikweletu. Ngokungafani neminye imisebenzi eholela kancane, ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa okuyimpoqo kwakungeyona ingxenye yenqubo, kodwa kwakukhona isheke lesizinda sobugebengu futhi ngatshelwa ukuthi amacala ezidakamizwa azongenza ngingafaneleki. Nganikezwa ukuhlolwa kabili, ngabaphathi ababili abahlukene, okuklanyelwe ukubona ukuthi ngizosabela kanjani ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zamakhasimende. Ngamanye amazwi, noma ubani ongenamfundo ethile, isiNgisi esihle, umlando ohloniphekile womsebenzi, kanye nerekhodi elihlanzekile ngeke aze afanelekele ukuthola imali encane yomholo kulolu chungechunge.
Futhi kholwa kimi, ngithole leyo mali. Noma yiluphi ushintsho olungaphansi kwamahora ayisithupha luhilela ikhefu lemizuzu engu-15 kuphela (okubiza inkampani u-$2.25 kuphela). Ngethembe, eminyakeni yami, ngemva kokuma kwamahora, ngangilidinga lelo khefu futhi ngangingeyena ngisho isisebenzi esidala noma esifanelekile. Ngemuva kwamahora ayisithupha, uthole ikhefu lemizuzu engama-45, kodwa ukhokhelwe imizuzu eyi-15 kuphela.
Ingxenye enzima kakhulu yomsebenzi isalokhu ibhekeneโฆ kahle, abanye benu. Amakhasimende azizwe enelungelo lokuphakamisa amazwi awo, asebenzise inhlamba, futhi enze izenzo zokudelela zika-Trumpian kubasebenzi engisebenza nabo kanye nami. Iningi โlezivakashi zethu eziyiguguโ alisoze lenza ngaleyo ndlela kwezinye izimo zomphakathi noma nozakwabo, ngisho nabangane babo. Kodwa ngaphakathi kuleso sitolo, abathengi babonakala behumusha ukuthi โikhasimende lihlale liqinisileโ njengokusho ukuthi bangenza noma yini embi abayifunayo. Kwakuvame ukuba nomuzwa wokuthi siyizilwane ezipeyintiwe ezingagxotshwa ngenduku ngenjongo yomdlalo, futhi ngaphandle kwesijeziso. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kushiwo noma kwenziwani, abaphathi besitolo abazange babekezelele impendulo evela kithi ngaphandle kokumomotheka kanye nokuthi โYebo, mnumzaneโ (noma nkosazana).
Isitolo asizange sikhombise umusa ekuphatheni abasebenzi ukwedlula amakhasimende. Isimiso sami, ngokwesibonelo, sasishintsha njalo. Yayingekho nje indlela yokuhlela izinto kusasele isonto lonke. (Khohlwa ukwamukela isimemo sephathi. Ngikhuluma ngokunakekelwa kwezingane nokuqokwa kwezokwelapha.) Uma ubusohlwini lokuvala, wahlala waze wavuma umphathi ukuthi isitolo sihlanzeke ngokwanele ukuba ugoduke. Ubungeke wazi kahle ukuthi umsebenzi uzophela nini futhi akukho zingcingo zomakhalekhukhwini ezivunyelwe ukwazisa abazanyana nganoma yikuphi ukubambezeleka.
Futhi khumbula ukuthi nganginenhlanhla. Ngangibambe umsebenzi owodwa kuphela esitolo esisodwa. Iningi lezisebenzi engikanye nazo lalizama ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi emibili noma emithathu, ngamunye enesimiso esishintsha njalo, ukuze kuhlanganiswe into efana nomholo osezingeni eliphansi.
EDolobheni laseNew York, leso sitolo kwakudingeka sisinike ikhefu lokugula kuphela ngemva kokuba sisebenze lapho unyaka ogcwele - futhi lokho kwaba ukuphana uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo kwezinye izindawo eziningi. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, wawuya emsebenzini ugula noma uhlale ekhaya ungaholi. Ngokungafani neNew York, izifundazwe eziningi azidingi ukuthi isitolo esinjalo sinikeze ikhefu lokugula, naphakade, kubasebenzi abasebenza amahora angaphansi kuka-40 ngesonto. Cabanga ngalokho ngesikhathi esizayo uma uweta wakho ekhwehlela.
Ubuncane Bemholo kanye Namahora Ubuncane
Kuningi okushiwo kulezi zinsuku mayelana nokukhushulwa kweholo elincane (futhi kufanele likhushulwe), futhi ngempela, ngoJanuwari 1, 2016, I-13 ithi nakhuphula ezabo. Kodwa okuzwakala njengezindaba ezinhle akunakwenzeka ukuthi kube nomthelela omkhulu kwabampofu abasebenza.
E-New York, ngokwesibonelo, ubuncane busuke ku-$8.75 ngehora baya ku-$9.00 engangiyenza. I-New York inesandla esivulekile. Umholo omncane wenhlangano wamanje ngu-$7.25 futhi I-21 ithi zidinga kuphela lelo zinga likahulumeni. Ngokunokwenzeka ukufakazela iphuzu elibuhlungu noma okunye, iGeorgia ne-Wyoming zigunyaza ngokusemthethweni iholo eliphansi ngisho nangaphezulu bese ngokungekho emthethweni zidinga ukukhokhwa kwama-$7.25 ukugwema izinhlawulo zoMnyango Wezabasebenzi. Ezinye izifundazwe zaseNingizimu zisethiwe akukho sibalo esingaphansi, mhlawumbe ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo.
Ungakhohlwa: noma yiliphi inani elincane lomholo elishiwo lingaphambi kwentela. Abakaki bayahlukahluka, kodwa ake sehlise ngisho no-10% kulowo mholo wehora njengokuqagela okunengqondo mayelana nokuthi yini ekhishwa emholweni wesisebenzi esihola kancane. Futhi kunezindleko okufanele zicatshangelwe, futhi. Imali yami yohambo lwebhasi lokuya nokubuya nsuku zonke, ngokwesibonelo, yayingama-$5.50. Lokho kwakusho ukuthi ngisebenze ingxenye enkulu yehora lami lokuqala ngemali yokugibela ibhasi nezintela. Khumbula ukuthi ezinye izisebenzi kufanele zikhokhele nokunakekela izingane, okusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukucabanga isimo lapho othile angase asondele ekulahlekelweni yimali ngokuyosebenza amashifu amafushane emholweni omncane.
Ngaphezu kwenkinga eyisisekelo yokungakhokhi abantu ngokwanele, kunenkinga eyengeziwe yokungabaniki amahora anele okusebenza. Laba ababili ngeshwa bayahambisana, okusho ukuthi ukukhuphula izinga elincane kuyingxenye yanoma yisiphi isisombululo sokuthuthukisa impilo emhlabeni ohola kancane.
Esitolo engangisebenza kuso ukuze ngithole umholo omncane eminyakeni embalwa edlule, isibonelo, amahora abengu-39 ngesonto. Inkampani ikwenze lokho njengendlela yokugwema ukuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezizongena uma umuntu esengumsebenzi โwesikhathi esigcweleโ. Izinto zishintshile kusukela ngo-2012 - hhayi zaba ngcono.
Eminyakeni emine kamuva, amahora amaningi abasebenzi abahola kancane afinyelela ku-29 umkhawulo ngemuva kwalokho izinkampani eziningi ezinabasebenzi abangama-50 noma ngaphezulu ziba edingekayo ukukhokha esikhwameni se-Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) egameni labasebenzi babo. Kunjalo, abanye abasebenzi abahola kancane bathola amahora angaphansi kwama-29 ngezizathu eziqondene namabhizinisi abawasebenzelayo.
Isikhathi Sezibalo
Nakuba izinombolo eziningi zilandela, khumbula ukuthi zonke zihlanganisa isithombe sokuthi abantu abasizungezile baphila kanjani nsuku zonke.
E-New York, ngaphansi kohlelo oludala lwamaholo amancane, u-$8.75 ophindwe ngamahora angu-39 ulingana no-$341.25 ngesonto ngaphambi kwentela. Ngaphansi komholo omusha omncane, u-$9.00 izikhathi ezingu-29 ulingana no-$261 ngesonto. Emahoreni angama-29, umholo omncane kuzofanele unyuswe ube ngu-$11.77 ukuze nje abasebenzi abaningi babuyele ezingeni elifanayo lenkokhelo yokuyisa ekhaya engayithola ngo-2012, uma kubhekwa ukwehla kwamahora ngenxa yoMthetho Wokunakekelwa Okuthengekayo. Umshwalense wezempilo ubalulekile, kodwa ngokunjalo nokudla.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukwenyuka komholo omncane kuyingxenye yempi; abasebenzi badinga amahora anele okusebenza ukuze baziphilise.
Mayelana nokudla: uma isisebenzi esihola kancane eNew York sikwazi ukusebenza imisebenzi emibili (ukufinyelela amahora angu-40 ngesonto) ngaphandle kokuphuthelwa yinoma yiziphi izinsuku ngenxa yokugula, umholo waso wonyaka uzoba u-$18,720. Ngamanye amazwi, izowela ngaphansi kweFederal Poverty Line ka-$21,775. Leyo yindawo yesitembu sokudla. Ukuze udlule umugqa wobumpofu ngeviki lamahora angu-40, umholo omncane uzodinga ukuba udlule u-$10. Emahoreni angama-29 ngeviki, kuzodingeka ifinyelele ku-$15 ngehora. Njengamanje, umholo omncane ophakeme kakhulu ezingeni likahulumeni useSifundeni sase-Columbia ngo-$11.50. Kuze kube manje, akukho mbuso kulindeleke ukuthi inyuke kakhulu kunaleyo ngaphambi kuka-2018. (Amanye amadolobha azibekela awawo amaholo amancane aphezulu.)
Ngakho-ke yengeze: Umbono wokunyusa iholo elincane (โimpi nge $15โ) muhle, kodwa ngisho nangaleyo $15 ezimweni ezinjalo ezikhawulela amahora, awukwazi ukwenza ilofu yesinkwa ngemvuthuluka encane egcwele isandla. Ngamafuphi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenza kanjani izibalo, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuzondla wena, ungakhathazeki ngomndeni, ngeholo elincane. Kufana nokubambeka ku-an I-MC Escher izitebhisi.
Umholo omncane we-federal hit iphuzu layo eliphezulu ngo-1968 ngama-dollar ayisi-8.54 ngamadola anamuhla futhi ngenkathi leli zwe beliyipharadesi emashumini eminyaka alandelayo kulokho manje esikubiza ngokuthi โIphesenti elilodwa,โ bekulokhu kwehle kubasebenzi abahola kancane kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Eqinisweni, njengoba yagcina ukukhuliswa 2009 ezingeni likahulumeni kuya ku-$7.25 ngehora, ubuncane bulahlekelwe cishe u-8.1% wamandla alo okuthenga ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla emali. Ngamanye amazwi, abasebenzi abahola kancane empeleni benza imali encane manje kunaleyo abayenza ngo-1968, lapho iningi labo mhlawumbe bekuyizingane ezihola imali yesikhwama hhayi abantu abadala abondla izingane zabo.
Ngamadola alungisiwe, umholo omncane wafinyelela phezulu lapho amaBeatles esahlangene futhi iMpi YaseVietnam idlangile.
Ubani Okhokhayo?
Izimpikiswano eziningi eziphikisana nokukhushulwa kwamaholo amancane zigxila ekutheni ukwenza kanjalo kuzobeka amabhizinisi amancane ebomvu. Lokhu akunangqondo ngempela, ngoba 20 mega-izinkampani ukubusa umhlaba omholo omncane. I-Walmart iyodwa iqashe abasebenzi abahola kancane abayizigidi eziyi-1.4; Yum Brands (Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, KFC) isendaweni yesibili; kanti uMcDonaldโs uthatha isithathu. Sekukonke, 60% abasebenzi abahola kancane baqashwe ngamabhizinisi angabhekwanga ngokusemthethweni โencaneโ ngokwezindinganiso zikahulumeni, futhi nakanjani ukuqoshwa kwamabhizinisi amancane kungenzeka, njengoba kwenziwa nge-Obamacare.
Khumbula ukuthi ukunganyusi amaholo kubiza imali.
Labo basebenzi abahola kancane abangakwazi ukwenza imali eyanele futhi badinga usizo lokudla? Nokho, i-Walmart ayizikhokheli lezo zitembu zokudla (manje ezibizwa ngokuthi i-SNAP), unjalo. Umthethosivivinywa waminyaka yonke othi kanye nonyawo lukahulumeni wobumbano lwemindeni esebenzayo eyenza amaholo asezingeni lobuphofu $ 153 billion. I-Walmart Supercenter eyodwa ibiza abakhokhintela phakathi kuka-$904,542 no-$1.75 wezigidi ngonyaka emalini yosizo lomphakathi, kanti abasebenzi baseWalmart benza u-18% wazo zonke izitembu zokudla ezikhishiwe. Ngamanye amazwi, lezo zintengo eziphansi zansuku zonke ochungechungeni, ngokwengxenye, zixhaswa ngemali yakho yentela.
Uma iholo elincane likhuphuka, ukusetshenziswa kwemali ezinhlelweni zezinzuzo zokudla kuzokwehla? Cishe ngokuqinisekile. Kodwa ingabe izitolo ngeke zinyuse amanani ukuze zinxephezele imali eyengeziwe ezizoyikhipha ngamaholo? Kungenzeka. Kepha ungakhathazeki - ukukhuphula iholo elincane libe ngu-$15 ngehora kuzosho ukuthi i-Big Mac izobiza konke Amasenti angu-17 Okuningi.
Ukwebiwa Kwesikhathi
Umsebenzi wami wokudayisa waphela ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunalokho engangikuhlelile, ngoba ngeba isikhathi.
Cishe awazi nokuthi isikhathi sini ukweba. Kungase kuzwakale njengokuthile okuvela kunoveli ye-sci-fi, kodwa abaqashi abahola kancane bakuthatha ngokungathi sรญna ukweba isikhathi. Umbono oyisisekelo ulula ngokwanele: uma bekukhokha, kungcono ukuthi usebenze. Yize lo mqondo ungavumelekile nge-se, indlela osetshenziswa ngayo izinkampani ezinkulu iveza okuningi mayelana nokuthi abasebenzi abahola kancane babonwa kanjani abaqashi babo ngo-2016.
Inkinga esitolo sami esiwuchungechunge kwakuwukuthi ikhefi yaso yasesitolo yayiseduze kakhulu nendawo yami yokusebenza kunewashi lesikhathi lapho okwakudingeka ngiphume khona noma nini lapho ngiya ekhefini elihleliwe. Ngolunye usuku, lapho kufika isikhathi sekhefu emsebenzini wami, nganginemizuzu engu-15 kuphela. Ngakho-ke nganquma ukuhamba ngiye kuleyo khefi, ngi-ode inkomishi yekhofi, bese ngibhekisa amabombo lapho ngingashaya khona futhi ngihlale phansi (esitezi esihlukile ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesitolo).
Sikhuluma umzuzu owodwa noma emibili, ayisekho, kodwa emisebenzini enjalo yonke iminithi ihlelwa futhi ibalwe ngayo. Njengoba kwenzeka, umphathi wangibona futhi wangena watshela umabhalane wesitolo ukuthi ahoxise i-oda lami. Khona-ke, phambi kwanoma ubani owayekhona, wangibeka icala lokweba isikhathiโokungukuthi, ngoku-oda ngewashi. Sikhuluma ngesikhathi esithathayo ukuthi, "Grande, ubisi, awukho ushukela, ngicela." Kodwa akunandaba, futhi ukusolwa ngesikhathi senkampani kwakubhekwa njengengxenye yomsebenzi, ngakho imizuzu emihlanu esasimi lapho yayibalwa njengomsebenzi okhokhelwayo.
Ku-$9 ngehora, izinga lami lokukhokha ngomzuzu ngamunye lalingamasenti angu-15, okusho ukuthi ngangintshontshe isikhathi mhlawumbe amasenti angu-30. Nganginjalo, okungukuthi, ngiyi-nickel futhi ngifa.
I-Economics Imayelana Nabantu
Kubukeka kungalungile emphakathini ocebe njengathi ukuthi umuntu osebenza isikhathi esigcwele akakwazi ukweqa izinga lobumpofu. Kubukeka kungeluhle neze ukuthi umuntu ozimisele ukusebenzela iholo eliphansi kakhulu elikhokhwa ngokusemthethweni kumele futhi adele ukuzihlonipha nesithunzi sakhe njengohlobo oluthile lwentela. Ukubamba umsebenzi akufanele kube isivivinyo sendlela yokuphatha impilo njengomunye wabampofu abasebenzayo.
Empeleni angixoshwanga ngenxa yokweba isikhathi sami. Kunalokho, ngayeka ngaso leso sikhathi. Noma ngabe iyini intengo yomqondo wami wokuzethemba, akuwona amasenti angama-30. Ngokungafani neningi labasebenzi baleli zwe abampofu, ngangikwazi ukwenza isinqumo esinjalo. Impilo yami yayingancikile kukho. Lapho umphathi etshela idlanzana engangisebenza nabo ababebukele lesi sigameko ukuthi babuyele emsebenzini, babuyela emsebenzini. Babengakwazi ukukukhokhela.
UPeter Van Buren washaya impempe ngokulahlwa koMnyango Wezwe kanye nokungaphathi kahle ngesikhathi "sokwakhiwa kabusha" kwe-Iraq encwadini yakhe. Besiqonde Kahle: Ukuthi Ngisize Kanjani Ukulahlekelwa Impi Yezinhliziyo Nezingqondo Zabantu Base-Iraq. A TomDispatch Njalo, ubhala ngezenzakalo zamanje at Besisho Kahle. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi Izipoki zika-Tom Joad: Indaba ye-#99Percent. Umsebenzi wakhe olandelayo kuzoba inoveli, Impi kaHooper.
Lesi sihloko sivele okokuqala ku-TomDispatch.com, i-weblog ye-Nation Institute, enikeza ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kweminye imithombo, izindaba, kanye nemibono evela ku-Tom Engelhardt, umhleli wesikhathi eside ekushicileleni, umsunguli we-American Empire Project, umbhali we Ukuphela KweMasiko Okunqoba, njengenoveli, Izinsuku Zokugcina Zokushicilela. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi I-Shadow Government: Ukuqapha, Impi Yezimfihlo, ne-Global Security State ezweni elilodwa elinamandla (Izincwadi zeHaymarket).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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1 Amazwana
Ngeke kube ngcono futhi akukho modeli yokuyilungisa. Hhayi izinyunyana, ukunyuselwa amaholo, hhayi iziteleka, akukho okuzo โlungisaโ isimo. Imodeli yasemadolobheni nezimboni, imodeli yesifunda-dolobha, imibuso emikhulu nemincane, IFA. Ikusasa lingele-agri-tech.