Ngandlela thize, i-U.S. ibilokhu ilwa ne-Iraq kusukela ngo-1990, okuhlanganisa nokuhlasela kohlobo lwe-1991 kanye nokuhlasela okuphelele ngo-2003. Phakathi naleyo kota yekhulu leminyaka, iWashington yabeka izinguquko eziningana kuhulumeni, yachitha izigidigidi zezigidigidi. amadola, futhi wabandakanyeka ekufeni kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu. Ayikho kuleyo mizamo ebe yimpumelelo nganoma iyiphi incazelo ecatshangwayo yegama elithi Washington ekwazile ukunikela.
Noma kunjalo, iNdlela yaseMelika yokukholelwa ngezinhliziyo zethu zonke ukuthi zonke izinkinga zingezethu ukuba sizixazulule futhi yonke inkinga kufanele ibe nesixazululo, okumele sitholakale kalula. Ngenxa yalokho, isizwe esibalulekile sibhekene nomzuliswano omusha wezingcingo zemibono mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele siyenze ngokulandelayo e-Iraq.
Unalokho engqondweni, nanka “amasu” amahlanu angenzeka kulelo zwe lapho into eyodwa kuphela eqinisekisiwe: awekho azosebenza.
1. Thumela Abaqeqeshi
NgoMeyi, ngemuva kokuwa kwedolobha lamaSunni iRamadi kuma-Islamic State (IS), uMongameli u-Obama umemezele ushintsho e-Iraq. Ngemva kwesikhathi esingaphansi konyaka singahluli, silulaze, noma singacekeli phansi umbuso wamaSulumane, abaphathi manje sebezothumela amakhulu engeziwe. ezempi ukumisa isizinda esisha sokuqeqesha e-Taqaddum esifundazweni sase-Anbar. Sezikhona ezinhlanu izingosi zokuqeqesha ezisebenza e-Iraq, ezinabasebenzi abaningi 3,100 abasebenzi bezempi abaphathi baka-Obama abathumele. Kodwa emva kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye zomsebenzi, hhayi single ibutho lase-Iraq eliqeqeshiwe likwazile ukwenza kube yi- isimo sokulwa ezweni elibhekene nesiphithiphithi esihlomile.
Isisekelo eTaqaddum singamelela kuphela ukuqala kwentsha “ukuphakama.” UGeneral Martin Dempsey, usihlalo weJoint Chiefs of Staff, useqalile ukukhuluma ngalokho akubiza ngokuthi “ama-lily pads,” ama-baselets aseMelika amiswe eduze nemigqa yangaphambili, lapho abaqeqeshi bezosebenza khona namasosha ezokuphepha ase-Iraq. Yiqiniso, ama-lily pads azodinga amakhulu abeluleki bezempi baseMelika ukuba basebenze njengezimpukane, belinde ixoxo le-Islamic State elilambile.
Ukushiya eceleni ihlaya elisobala kakhulu - ukuthi uDempsey uhlongoza ukudalwa kwexhaphozi langempela, i-quagmire yasogwadule yohlobo lwe-lilypad - lo mbono uzanyiwe. Yehlulekile eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili yokuqashwa kwe-Iraq, lapho i-US igcina iqoqo leziqhingi Izisekelo ze-505 ezweni. (Yahluleka futhi ukungena Afghanistan) Esiqongweni seMpi yase-Iraq 2.0, 166,000 amasosha ayesebenza kulezo zisekelo zaseMelika, eqhuba ezinye $ 25 billion ukubaluleka kokuqeqeshwa nokuhlonyiswa kwezikhali kwama-Iraqis, okungeyona imiphumela eboniswa nsuku zonke. Umbuzo-ke uthi: Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi abaqeqeshi abaningi baseMelika bafeze ngesikhathi esifushane lokho abaningi abangaka behlulekile ukukwenza eminyakeni eminingi kangaka?
Kukhona nenkolelo yaseMelika yokuthi uma unikela, bazoza. Imiphumela yokuqeqeshwa kwaseMelika kuze kube manje, njengoNobhala Wezokuvikela u-Ashton Carter kwacaca muva nje, baswele kakhulu kulokho ababekulindele. Njengamanje, abaqeqeshi base-US kwakufanele bashaywe ngesiswebhu 24,000 Amasosha ase-Iraq asesimweni. Inani langempela kuze kube manje kuthiwa lingaba ngu-9,000 futhi incazelo yomcimbi wakamuva “wokuthweswa iziqu” kwabanye babo ibingeke ibe ngaphezu kwalokho. ukudangala. (“Izisebenzi zokuzithandela zazibonakala zineminyaka esukela kweyevile eshumini nambili kuya kwecela kwengu-60. Zazigqoke imish-mash yeyunifomu namabhuzu, kuyilapho ukumasha kwazo phakathi nomkhosi, singasho, njengokujwayelekile.”) Uma kubhekwa ukuthi kungakanani ukuqeqeshwa i-U.S. itholakale e-Iraq kusukela ngo-2003, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi izinsizwa eziningi azikaze zicabange. Ngenxa yokuthi iWashington ivula amakamu amaningi okuqeqesha, asikho isizathu sokucabanga ukuthi ama-Iraqi azovela.
Okuxakayo ukuthi, ngaphambi nje kokumemezela inqubomgomo yakhe entsha, uMongameli u-Obama ubonakale evumelana nabagxeki ukuthi angeke isebenze. "Sinamandla okuqeqesha amaningi kunalabo esinabo," yena wathi ekupheleni kwengqungquthela ye-G7 eJalimane. "Akwenzeki ngokushesha njengoba kudingeka." U-Obama wayesemakweni. Esikhungweni sokuqeqesha i-al-Asad, i eyodwa kuphela endaweni yamaSunni, isibonelo, uhulumeni wase-Iraq akathumelanga noyedwa umuntu omusha ozoqeqeshwa yilabo abeluleki baseMelika emasontweni ayisithupha edlule.
Futhi nansi imininingwane yebhonasi: esosha ngalinye laseMelika e-Iraq, sekuvele kukhona osonkontileka ababili baseMelika. Okwamanje ezinye 6,300 zabo zisezweni. Noma yibaphi abaqeqeshi abengeziwe basho osonkontileka abengeziwe, abaqinisekisa ukuthi "i-footprint" yase-US eyenziwe yilelisu le-no-boots-on-the-ground izokhula kuphela futhi i-lilypad quagmire kaGeneral Dempsey izosondela ekufezekeni.
2. Amabhuzu Phansi
USenator John McCain, ongusihlalo weSenate Armed Services Committee, nguyena ohamba phambili vocal umgqugquzeli wezokuvikela kazwelonke zaseMelika ezihamba phambili: thumela amasosha ase-U.S. UMcCain, owabona kwenzeka iMpi YaseVietnam, wazi kangcono kunokulindela izisebenzi ze-Special Forces, abaqeqeshi, abeluleki, nabalawuli bezindiza ezilwa, kanye namandla asemoyeni ase-U.S., ukuthi baguqule isimo sanoma isiphi isimo. Impendulo yakhe ukubiza okwengeziwe - futhi akayedwa. Emkhankasweni muva nje, uMbusi waseWisconsin uScott Walker, ngokwesibonelo, uphakamise ukuthi, uma engumongameli, uzobheka isilinganiso esigcwele “ukuhlasela kabusha"e-Iraq. Ngokufanayo, uJenene Anthony Zinni, owayeyinhloko ye-U.S. Central Command, wanxusa ukuthunyelwa kwamabhuzu amaningi: "Ngiyakutshela, ungabeka amabutho aphansi phansi manje futhi singabhubhisa i-ISIS."
Phakathi kwesixuku samabhuzu-on-the-ground kukhona nabangaphambili amasosha owalwa e-Iraq ngeminyaka kaBush, walahlekelwa abangane, futhi nabo bahlupheka. Ngokucwayiza ngenxa yokudumala kwakho konke, bancamela ukukholelwa ukuthi ngempela sawina e-Iraq (noma bekufanele, noma ngabe, ukube abaphathi bakaBush no-Obama abazange bachithe “ukunqoba”). Ziyadingeka manje, bathi ziyadingeka amasosha amaningi ase-U.S emuva phansi ukuze bawine inguqulo yakamuva yempi yabo. Abanye bayalingana Ngokuzinikela njengezakhamuzi ezizimele ukuqhubeka nokulwa. Ingabe kungaba khona ingxabano edabukisayo kunaleyo ethi “akunakwenzeka ukuthi konke kube ukumosha”?
Inketho yamasosha amaningi ilula kakhulu ukuyichitha ayiwufanele neze omunye umugqa: uma ngaphezu kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yomzamo, amasosha ayi-166,000 kanye nesisindo esigcwele samandla ezempi aseMelika akakwazanga ukwenza iqhinga e-Iraq, yini ongayilindela izinsiza ezimbalwa ukuyifeza?
3. Ukusebenzisana ne-Iran
Njengokungabaza Ngaphakathi amasosha ase-US ukuthi athumele amabutho angaphansi e-Iraq agijimela ukushaya isigubhu senkukhu enkundleni yezombangazwe, ukusebenza eduze ne-Iran sekuphenduke umnyakazo ozenzakalelayo. Uma kungenjalo amabhuzu aseMelika, okungukuthi, kuthiwani ngamabhuzu ase-Iranian?
I-backstory yale ndlela iyinqaba njengenganekwane yaseMpumalanga Ephakathi njengoba ungathola.
Uhlelo lokuqala lokuphatha u-Obama bekuwukusebenzisa amabutho ama-Arab, hhayi ama-Iranian, njengamasosha ahamba ngezinyawo. Nokho, i-ballyhood kakhulu Izizwe eziyi-60 i-pan-Arab coalition kufakazele okungaphezu kwesithombe sesikhashana esifushane. Zimbalwa, uma zikhona, ezindizeni zabo ezisemoyeni. IMelika indiza kancane 85% yazo zonke izinjongo ezimelene nezinhloso ze-Islamic State, namadlelandawonye aseNtshonalanga agcwalisa ingxenye enhle yazo zonke ezinye. Awekho amasosha angaphansi komhlaba ama-Arab ake avela futhi amazwe abalulekile omfelandawonye asevulekile ukuhlwitha Washington mayelana nesivumelwano sayo senuzi ne-Iran.
IWashington, vele, isebuhlotsheni be-Cold War-ish ne-Iran kusukela ngo-1979 lapho u-Shah ewa futhi abafundi abanamandla. thatha emvakwa Inxusa laseMelika eTehran. Ngawo-1980, i-U.S. Ngosizo lomoya Saddam Hussein empini yakhe ngokumelene ne-Iran, ngenkathi eminyakeni yangemva kokuhlasela kwe-Iran ka-2003 isekela ngempumelelo amasosha ase-Iraqi Shiite ngokumelene namabutho aseMelika ayedla izwe. Umkhuzi we-Iranian Quds Force Qassem Soleimani, okwamanje oqondisa imizamo yezwe lakhe e-Iraq, wake waba ngomunye wamadoda afunwa kakhulu ohlwini lwaseMelika lokubulala.
Ngemuva kokuthunjwa kwe-Islamic State ngo-2014 kweMosul namanye amadolobha asenyakatho ne-Iraqi, i-Iran yakhulisa indima yayo, yathumela abaqeqeshi, abeluleki, izikhali, kanye namabutho ayo ukusekela amasosha angamaShiite iBaghdad eyawabona njengowukuphela kwethemba layo. I-U.S. ekuqaleni waphenduka a iso elingaboni kukho konke lokhu, njengoba amasosha aholwa yi-Iranian, futhi ngokunokwenzeka nama-Irani uqobo, aba abathengi yokusekelwa kwezindiza eziseduze zaseMelika.
EWashington njengamanje, kukhona ukukhula, uma kuthule, ukuvuma ukuthi usizo lwase-Iran lungenye yezinto ezimbalwa ezingahle zibuyisele i-IS ngaphandle kwesidingo samasosha aphansi ase-US. Ukukhuphuka okuncane kodwa okutshelayo kwenzeka njalo. Empini yoku phinda idolobha elisenyakatho yamaSunni iTikrit, isibonelo, i-United States yandizisa izindiza zezindiza ezisekela amasosha angamaShiite; iqabunga lomkhiwane lencazelo: ukuthi basebenza ngaphansi kukahulumeni wase-Iraqi, hhayi i-Iranian, ukulawula.
"Sizohlinzeka ngekhava yomoya kuwo wonke amabutho angaphansi komyalo nokulawulwa kukahulumeni wase-Iraq," nomkhulumeli we-U.S. Central Command ngokufanayo. kuphawulwe mayelana nempi ezayo yokuthatha kabusha idolobha laseRamadi. Lokho kukhomba ushintsho olukhulu, owayeyisikhulu soMnyango Wezwe uRamzy Mardini uveza. "I-US isishintshe ngempumelelo isikhundla sayo, yathola ukuthi amasosha angamaShiite ayingozi edingekayo ekulweni ne-IS." Ukucabanga okunjalo kungase kudlulele emabuthweni ase-Iranian aphansi manje ngokusobala ukulwa ngaphandle kwamasu I-Beiji indawo yokucwenga uwoyela.
Izinto zingase zibe ngcono nakakhulu phakathi kwe-U.S. kanye namasosha aseShiite asekelwa yi-Iran kunalokho ebesikucabanga ngaphambili. Bloomberg imibiko ukuthi amasosha ase-US namaqembu ezempi amaShiite bobabili sebevele besebenzisa isizinda sezempi saseTaqaddum, okuyiyona ndawo lapho uMongameli u-Obama ethumela khona izisebenzi zakamuva zezempi zase-U.S. ezingama-450.
Ububi? Usizo oluya e-Iran lusetha kuphela umzabalazo olandelayo okungenzeka ukuthi i-US ingene kuwo ngenxa yokukhula I-Iranian hegemony esifundeni. Syria, mhlawumbe?
4. Hlomisani amaKurds
AmaKurds amele Ithemba Elikhulu LaseWashington Le-Iraq, iphupho elidlala ngokuphelele kunqubomgomo yezangaphandle yaseMelika mayelana nokudinga "ukuthandwa" ngumuntu. (Zama i-Facebook.) Kulezi zinsuku, bheka cishe noma yikuphi ukonga iwebhusayithi noma hlola ama-pundits angakwesokudla futhi ujabulele propaganda mayelana namaKurds: angama-plucky fighters, athembekile eMelika, ama-bastards aqinile akwaziyo ukuma nokuletha. Uma nje sibanikeza izikhali ezengeziwe, bangabulala abantu ababi be-Islamic State ngenxa yethu nje. Esixukwini esingakwesokudla, balingana nekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye noWinston Churchill eMpini Yezwe II, ekhala, "Mane usinikeze amathuluzi futhi sizomnqoba uHitler!"
Kukhona iqiniso elincane kukho konke lokhu. AmaKurds enze umsebenzi omuhle ngempela wokuxosha abashokobezi be-IS ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ye-Iraq futhi balujabulela usizo lwe-US ekutholeni amaqhawe awo e-Peshmerga emngceleni waseTurkey lapho impi yayiyidolobha UKobane. Bahlala bebonga ngokuqhubeka nokwesekwa kwezindiza i-U.S. ihlinzeka ngamasosha abo angaphambili kanye nezikhali ezilinganiselwe esezithunyelwe yiWashington.
E-Washington, inkinga ukuthi izithakazelo zamaKurd zinqunyelwe ngokusobala uma kuziwa ekulweni namabutho e-Islamic State. Lapho imingcele ye-de facto yaseKurdistan isongelwa ngokuqondile, yayilwa njengamabheji ane-caffeine. Ngesikhathi kuvela ithuba lokuthatha idolobha elibangwayo lase-Erbil - uhulumeni wase-Baghdad wayemagange ukuligcina ngaphansi kokulawula kwawo - amaKurds ashaya i-IS.
Kodwa uma kukhulunywa ngesibalo samaSunni, amaKurds awasho lutho, inqobo nje uma ehlala kude neKurdistan. Ingabe ukhona owake wabona ama-Kurdish fighters e-Ramadi noma kwenye indawo esifundazweni saseSunni al-Anbar? Lezo zindawo zamasu, manje eziphethwe yi-Islamic State, zingamakhulu amamayela wangempela kanye nezigidi zamamayela ezepolitiki ukusuka e-Kurdistan. Ngakho-ke, qinisa amaKurds. Kodwa ungalindeli ukuthi babambe iqhaza elibalulekile ngokumelene ne-IS ngaphandle kwendawo yangakubo. Isu lokuwina lamaKurds elibandakanya iWashington alisho ngempela isu lokuwina leWashington e-Iraq.
5. Leso Isixazululo Sezombangazwe
Indoda yamanje yaseWashington eBaghdad, uNdunankulu u-al-Abadi, akenzanga Wathuthela izwe lakhe liseduze nokubuyisana kwamaSunni namaShiite kunowamanduleli wakhe, uNouri al-Maliki, enza. Eqinisweni, ngenxa yokuthi u-Abadi akanakukhetha okuncane ngaphandle kokuthembela kulawo mabutho amaShiite, azolwa lapho ibutho lakhe elikhohlakele, elingenangqondo lingeke likwazi, uye wasondela kuphela e-Iran. Lokhu kuqinisekise ukuthi noma yiliphi ithemba (laseMelika) lokuletha amaSunni ohlelweni ngendlela ephusile njengengxenye kahulumeni onobumbano esimeni esibumbene lizobonakala liyiphupho nje.
Ibhalansi yamandla iyimfuneko kuShiite-Sunni-Kurdish i-Iraq federal. Njengoba lungekho uhlangothi oluqine ngokwanele ukuzuza ukunqoba noma lubuthaka ngokwanele ukuba lungahlulwa, izingxoxo zingalandela. Ngenkathi uSenator uJoe Biden eqala ukuphakamisa umbono we-Iraq enezifunda ezintathu 2006, kwakungenzeka nje. Kodwa-ke, lapho ama-Irani esewakhe izwe lamaklayenti e-Shiite Iraqi e-Baghdad kwathi, ngo-2014, ededela amasosha njengethuluzi lamandla ezwe, lelo thuba lalahleka.
AmaSunni amaningi awaboni enye indlela ngaphandle kokusekela i-Islamic State, njengoba enza i-al-Qaeda e-Iraq eminyakeni yangemva kokuhlasela kweMelika ngo-2003. Besaba lawo masosha angamaShiite - futhi ngesizathu esihle. Izindaba ezivela edolobheni elikhulu lamaSunni iTikrit, lapho amasosha aholwa ngamasosha ahlula ama-Islamic State fighters, chaza "idolobha eliyizipoki eliphethwe oshayasibhamu." Edolobheni lase-Ewufrathe Valley I-Jurf al-Sakhar, kube nemibiko yokuhlanzwa kohlanga. Ngokufanayo, iningi labantu abangamaSunni edolobheni laseNukhayb, elisempambanweni yomgwaqo phakathi kwezindawo zamaSunni namaShiite, lisole amasosha ngokuthatha izintambo ngenkathi. zizenza ukulwa nama-extremist.
Kusenokwesaba okukhulu e-Anbar elawulwa ngamaSunni ngokubulawa kwabantu kanye “nokuhlanza” uma amasosha angamaShiite engena esifundazweni esebenza ngamandla. Esimeni esinjalo, kuyohlale kunendawo ye-al-Qaeda, i-Islamic State, noma enye inhlangano efanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inonya kangakanani, ukuze ivikele umphakathi wamaSunni osenkingeni. Lokho wonke umuntu e-Iraq akuqondayo, futhi ngokusobala cishe wonke umuntu waseMelika akakuqondi, ukuthi i-Islamic State iwuphawu lwempi yombango, hhayi usongo oluzimele.
Omunye ezibele ngethemba yokuphatha kuka-Obama ayinakusekelwa e-Baghdad ngakho-ke ihlale ingelona isiqalo: ukuhlula i-IS ngokuhlomisa izizwe zamaSunni ngqo ngesitayela “I-Anbar Awakening” umnyakazo weminyaka yokusebenza. Ngempela, uhulumeni omkhulu uyesaba ukubahlomisa, engekho amayunithi amathokheni ambalwa ukuze abantu baseMelika bathule. AmaShiite azi kangcono kunabaningi ukuthi ivukela-mbuso ingenzani ukuze isize ukunqoba amandla amakhulu, ahlome kangcono.
Nokho naphezu kwengozi yokwanda kwempi yombango yase-Iraq, i-US manje isihamba ukuze ihlomise amaSunni ngokuqondile. Izinhlelo zamanje ziwukungenisa izikhali endaweni entsha ye-lilypad e-Anbar futhi badlule ezizweni zendawo zamaSunni, noma ngabe iBaghdad iyakuthanda lokho noma cha (futhi yebo, ikhefu neBaghdad kufanelekile ukunakwa). Izikhali ngokwazo maningi amathuba okuthi zisetshenziswe ezimpini zamaShiite njengakuHulumeni wamaSulumane, kucatshangwa ukuthi azinikelwa kubalwi be-IS.
Ukulahleka kwemishini kulawo masosha akuyona into encane. Akekho okhuluma ngokuthumela okwengeziwe izikhali ezintsha ukuya e-Iraq, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani owamukelayo, kufanele indiva kalula amaphekula e-Islamic State athathe ngayo ukunikezwa kwe-U.S. izikhali ezinzima. IWashington iphoqelekile ukuthi ngqo ukuhlasela komoya ngokumelene nezinto ezinjalo ezithunjiwe - njengoba zihamba ngomkhumbi Okuningi e-Mosul, abanye 2,300 amaHumvees zashiywa kumasosha e-IS ngoJuni 2014; okwengeziwe kwasala kubo lapho amasosha ase-Iraqi ebaleka ngokuzumayo eRamadi ngoMeyi. Le phethini yokuhlinzeka, ukuthwebula, kanye nokuhlinzeka kabusha bekungaba yinto engenangqondo, ukube ayizange iphenduke inhlekelele lapho amanye alawo ma-Humvees esetshenziswa yi-IS njengokugoqa, izikhali. amabhomu okuzibulala futhi iWashington kwadingeka ukuthi iphuthumise imicibisholo elwa nethangi ye-AT-4 ebuthweni lase-Iraq ukuze ibabhubhise.
Isizathu Sangempela Akukho Okuzosebenza
Inkinga eyisisekelo ekhona cishe kuzo zonke izici zenqubomgomo yase-US nge-Iraq ukuthi "impumelelo," njengoba kuchazwe eWashington, idinga ukuthi bonke abadlali benze ngokumelene nentando yabo, izisusa zabo, kanye nemigomo yabo ukuze bafeze izinhloso zase-US. AmaSunni adinga umvikeli njengoba ezabalazela indawo yezepolitiki, uma kungeyona indlela yokuphila eyisisekelo, ohlotsheni oluthile olusha lwe-Iraq. Uhulumeni wamaShiite eBaghdad ufuna ukunqoba nokulawula izifunda zamaSunni. I-Iran ifuna ukuvikela i-Iraq njengezwe lamakhasimende futhi iyisebenzisele ukufinyelela kalula kuyo Syria. AmaKurds afuna izwe elizimele.
Lapho uNobhala Wezokuvikela u-Ash Carter kusho, “Okubonakala kwenzeka [e-Ramadi] ukuthi amabutho ase-Iraqi avele akhombisa ukungakuthandi ukulwa,” abeqonde ukuthi amabutho amaningi e-Iraq akhombisa ukungafuni ukulwela imigomo yaseMelika. Emcabangweni waseWashington, i-Iraq ithweswe umthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu wokuxazulula izinkinga ezidalwe noma zabhebhethekiswa yi-U.S. kwasekuqaleni, njengoba iMelika iphinda ithatha indima enkulu ekulweni nesiphetho esibi salelo zwe.
Ukuze "icebo" laseMelika lisebenze, abantu bezizwe zamaSunni kuzodingeka balwe namaSunni avela ku-Islamic State besekela uhulumeni wamaShiite ukuthi icindezelwe imibhikisho yabo enokuthula yesitayela sama-Arab-Spring, nokuthi, isekelwa yi-Iran, ibibakhipha inyumbazane, ibahlukumeza, futhi ibabulala. AmaKurds kuzomele alwele izwe lase-Iraqi afisa ukuzimela kulo. Ngeke isebenze.
Buyela emuva ku-2011 futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi noma ubani ubengacabanga ukuthi umfana ofanayo owahlula u-Hillary Clinton futhi wazuza i-White House ngokusekelwe ekuphikisaneni kwakhe neMpi yokugcina yase-Iraq uzothumela i-U.S. ukuwa ngibuyele kulelozwe elinesiphithiphithi. Uma kuke kwaba khona inkinga yaseMelika ebingagwemeka, i-Iraq War 3.0 yiyo. Uma kuke kwaba nempi, noma yimaphi amasu ayo akhethiwe, lapho i-U.S. ingenathemba lokufeza izinhloso zayo, yikho lokhu.
Njengamanje, ngokungangabazeki unikina ikhanda futhi uyabuza, "Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu?" Izazi-mlando zizokwenza okufanayo.
UPeter Van Buren washaya impempe ngokulahlwa koMnyango Wezwe kanye nokungaphathi kahle ngesikhathi kwakhiwa kabusha i-Iraq. Besiqonde Kahle: Ukuthi Ngisize Kanjani Ukulahlekelwa Impi Yezinhliziyo Nezingqondo Zabantu Base-Iraq. A TomDispatch njalo yena ubhala ngezenzakalo zamanje at Besisho Kahle. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi Izipoki zika-Tom Joad: Indaba ye-#99Percent. Umsebenzi wakhe olandelayo uzoba Impi kaHooper, inoveli.
Lesi sihloko sivele okokuqala ku-TomDispatch.com, i-weblog ye-Nation Institute, enikeza ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kweminye imithombo, izindaba, kanye nemibono evela ku-Tom Engelhardt, umhleli wesikhathi eside ekushicileleni, umsunguli we-American Empire Project, umbhali we Ukuphela Kwesiko Lokunqoba, njengenoveli, Izinsuku Zokugcina Zokushicilela. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi Uhulumeni Wethunzi: Ukubhekwa, Izimpi Eziyimfihlo, kanye Nezwe Lokuphepha Lomhlaba Wonke Ezweni Elinamandla Amandla Amandla (Izincwadi Ze-Haymarket).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela