Ukusukela kuhlaselo lwe-7 ka-Okthobha olwenziwa yi-Hamas olwabulala abantu abayi-1,200 kwa-Israyeli, imikhosi ehlala e-Israel ibulale abantu abangaphezu kwe-17,000 yasePalestina, ngaphezulu kwe-7,000 kubo ngabantwana, kwaye yenzakalisa ngaphezulu kwe-46,000. Phantse kwi-1.9 yezigidi zabantu - malunga neepesenti ezingama-85 zabemi baseGaza - baye banyanzeleka ukuba babaleke amakhaya abo kwaye baxinzelele kwisinye kwisithathu seGaza Strip.
Uninzi lwabantu baseGaza luye lwagxothwa kwaye lusemngciphekweni wendlala.
Ngo-Oktobha 13, ngokulindela ukuhlasela kwayo komhlaba eGaza, u-Israyeli wayala i-1.1 yezigidi zasePalestina enyakatho yeGaza ukuba iphume ukuya emazantsi kwiiyure ze-24. Nangona lowo ibingumhla wokugqibela ongenakwenzeka, isiqingatha sabemi baseGaza safuduswa ngenkani ngenxa yomyalelo wokufuduka. Ke, imikhosi yakwa-Israeli yabhobhoza emantla, yabetha amakhaya nezibhedlele. Inxalenye enkulu yaloo mmandla yayingamabhodlo.
"Akunakwenzeka ukuba ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabemi baseGaza banqumle indawo yemfazwe, ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi zobuntu, ngakumbi ngelixa bevinjwa izinto eziyimfuneko kunye neenkonzo ezisisiseko," watsho uPaula Gaviria Betancur, unobhala okhethekileyo kumalungelo oluntu abantu abafuduselwe kwiindawo zabo, nge-13 kaOkthobha.
USirayeli wayalela amaGazans asemazantsi ukuba aphume ngoDisemba 3. Kodwa akukho ndawo anokuya kuyo. Imida yokuwela i-Israel ivaliwe kwaye iRafah Crossing esuka eYiputa ithintelwe kakhulu. Abantu abaninzi balele ezitratweni nasezindleleni. "Imifanekiso yaseGaza [ngoDisemba 3] ibonise intshinyela yomsi omnyama onyuka phezu kwendawo egqunywe ngamabhodlo kunye nabantwana begazi bekhala kwiiwadi zesibhedlele ezinothuli," ngokutsho ENew York Times umbiko. โAbazili bema ecaleni koluhlu lwezidumbu ezisongelwe ngamashiti amhlophe.โ
"Ngaphantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe woluntu, indawo apho ukhupha abantu kufuneka, ngokomthetho babe nemithombo eyaneleyo yokuphila - amaziko onyango, ukutya kunye namanzi," utshilo isithethi seNgxowa-mali yaBantwana yeZizwe eziManyeneyo uJames Elder kudliwanondlebe no. le Maxesha. โAkunjalo kwaphela. Ngala mabala omhlaba ongumqwebedu, zizitrato okanye iikona okanye nayiphi na indawo ebumelwaneni, izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngesiqingatha. Into eqhelekileyo abanayo ayinamanzi, akukho zixhobo, akukho khuselo kwingqele nasemvuleni, kwaye ngokukodwa akukho coceko.โ
UMququzeleli woNcedo oluNgxamisekileyo we-UN UMartin Griffiths, wathi iphulo lomkhosi lakwa-Israel lidale iimeko โze-apocalypticโ kwaye laphelisa imisebenzi yoluntu enentsingiselo. "Le yimeko ye-apocalyptic ngoku, kuba ezi zintsalela zesizwe esiqhutyelwa epokothweni emazantsi," utshilo uGriffiths.
Ukudluliselwa ngenkani luLwaphulo-mthetho oluNxamnye noBuntu, uLwaphulo-mthetho lweMfazwe kunye noBugebenga
Umthetho waseRoma kwiNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho yaMazwe ngaMazwe (ICC) idwelisa ukugqithiselwa kwabantu ngenkani njengolwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe eluntwini โxa lwenziwe njengenxalenye yohlaselo oluxhaphakileyo okanye olucwangcisiweyo olujoliswe kuye nawuphi na uluntu olungekho mkhosini, ngolwazi lohlaselo.โ Imikhosi yakwa-Israyeli inyuse uhlaselo olubanzi nolucwangcisiweyo ngokuchasene nabemi baseGaza.
Ukudluliselwa ngenkani phantsi koMthetho waseRoma โkuthetha ukugxothwa ngenkani kwabantu abachaphazeleka ngokugxothwa okanye ngezinye izenzo ezinyanzelwayo kwindawo abakhoyo ngokusemthethweni, ngaphandle kwezizathu ezivunyelweyo phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.โ Akukho sizathu sasemthethweni okanye sokuziphatha sokuba u-Israyeli agxothe ngenkani i-85 pesenti yabemi baseGaza.
I-Rome Statute ikwahlela โukudluliselwa kwabo bonke okanye iinxalenye zabemi bommandla othathiweyo ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwalo mmandlaโ njengolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe.
Ngaphezu koko, ukudluliselwa ngenkani kunokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho lokubulawa kwabantu phantsi koMthetho waseRoma. Ngokuhambelana ne Ingqungquthela yohlanga, uMthetho waseRome uthi โukwenza ngabom iimeko zobomi beqela ezibalelwa ukuzisa intshabalalo epheleleyo okanye inxalenye yayoโ njengembubhiso xa kusenziwa ngenjongo yokutshabalalisa uhlanga.
Iingxelo ezininzi ngamagosa akwaSirayeli babonakalise injongo yabo ukwenza imbubhiso ngokucocwa ngokobuhlanga bonke okanye inxalenye yabemi baseGaza. Bona bafungile ukuze โaphelise yonkโ into eGazaโ aze ayiguqule ibe โsisixeko seentente.
Ukongeza, ukugqithiselwa ngenkani kwabantu abakhuselweyo ukusuka kumhlaba othathiweyo ukuya kumhlaba weGunya lokuHlala okanye kulo naliphi na elinye ilizwe, elihleliyo okanye elingelilo, akuvumelekanga, nokuba zithini na iinjongo zabo. Ingqungquthela yesine yaseGeneva eNxulumene noKhuseleko lwaBantu abaNtu ngexesha leMfazwe.
UMthetho waseRoma ukwagqala ulwaphulo-mthetho lokutshabalalisa uluntu njengolwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe eluntwini โxa lusenziwa njengenxalenye yohlaselo oluxhaphakileyo okanye olucwangcisiweyo olujoliswe kuye nawuphi na umntu ongekhoyo, esazi ngolo hlaselo.โ Ukutshatyalaliswa, ngokutsho kommiselo, โkuquka ukutshabalalisa ngabom iimeko zobomi . . . Ngomhla we-9 ka-Okthobha, urhulumente wase-Israel wandise ukungqinga kwakhe iGaza iminyaka eli-16 โekungqingweni okupheleleyo,โ ukubulala abahlali kunye nokuyeka ukutya, amanzi, amafutha kunye nombane.
Nakba 2.0
Kwi-1948, u-Israyeli wenza i-Nakba (okanye "intlekele"), iphulo elinobundlobongela lokuhlanjululwa kobuhlanga be-750,000 basePalestina emhlabeni wabo ukuze benze ilizwe lakwaSirayeli. Izenzo zenkohlakalo kunye nokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi kwabulala malunga ne-15,000 yamaPalestina. I-Nakba ibangele ukufuduka ngenkani kwama-85 ekhulwini abemi basePalestina.
U-Israyeli ubuyisela iNakba kwiminyaka engama-75 eyadlulayo. "Ngoku sikhupha iGaza Nakba," ilungu lekhabhinethi yokhuseleko yakwa-Israel kunye noMphathiswa wezoLimo uAvi Dichter yabhengezwa ngoNovemba 11. โIGaza Nakba 2023. Yindlela eza kuphela ngayo.โ
I-Nakba yanamhlanje sele igqithise i-1948 yokuhlanjululwa kohlanga lwasePalestina, kunye neepesenti ze-85 zaseGazans zaxoshwa kwaye ngaphezu kwe-17,000 yasePalestina esele ibulewe. U-Israyeli akabonisi mqondiso wokuphelisa uhlaselo lwakhe kubantu basePalestina kwaye loo manani ayenyuka yonke imihla.
Umtshutshisi oyiNtloko we-ICC ubonisa uBucala bakwaSirayeli
I-ICC yohlulekile ukuphanda ngokufanelekileyo iinkokeli zakwa-Israel ngolwaphulo-mthetho lwazo phantsi koMthetho waseRoma.
Ngo-2021, uMtshutshisi oyiNtloko we-ICC ngoko uFatou Bensouda, umemezele ukuvulwa kophando olusesikweni malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe olwenziwa kwi-West Bank, kuquka i-East Jerusalem, kunye ne-Gaza Strip, ngexesha kunye ne-"Operation Protective Edge," uhlaselo luka-Israel lwe-2014 eGaza olwabulala i-2,251 Palestinians.
Emva kokuqhuba uviwo lokuqala lweminyaka emihlanu, uBensouda wafumana a isiseko esifanelekileyo ukukholelwa ukuba amagosa akwa-Israel enze ubugebenga bemfazwe bokubulala ngabom, ngokubangela ukwenzakala okukhulu ngabom, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngendlela engafanelekanga kunye nokudluliselwa kwamaSirayeli kumhlaba wasePalestina. U-Bensouda uzimisele ukuba kukho isiseko esifanelekileyo sokuphanda ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe olunokwenzeka ngabantu basePalestina, kubandakanya ukuhlaselwa ngabom ngokuchasene nabemi, ukusebenzisa abantu njengamakhaka abantu, ukubulala ngabom kunye nokuthuthumbisa.
Kodwa ngaphandle kweminyaka esixhenxe yophando malunga โnemeko yasePalestina,โ i-ICC ayenzekanga nkqubela phambili ibalulekileyo ekubambeni iinkokeli zakwa-Israel ziphendule ngolwaphulo-mthetho.
Kukwakho nomgangatho ophindwe kabini ocacileyo kunyango lwe-ICC kwiimeko zaseUkraine nasePalestine. NgoMatshi, unyaka emva kokuba iRashiya ihlasele iUkraine, uMtshutshisi oyiNtloko we-ICC uKarim Khan umemezele ukuba igumbi laphambi kokuxoxwa kwetyala likhuphe umyalelo wokubamba uMongameli waseRashiya uVladimir Putin kulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe eUkraine.
UCraig Mokhiber ligqwetha lamazwe ngamazwe elilwela amalungelo oluntu owathi warhoxa kwisikhundla sakhe njengomlawuli weOfisi yaseNew York yoMkomishinala oPhakamileyo weZizwe eziManyeneyo wamaLungelo oLuntu ngenxa yokusilela kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ukujongana nemeko awayibiza ngokuba โlityala lokubulawa kohlangaโ eliqhubeka eGaza. Yena ebonakalayo umahluko phakathi kwempatho ye-ICC yasePalestine naseUkraine โnjengokungangqinelani okumangalisayo.โ
Nge-3 kaDisemba, uKhan watyelela u-Israel kunye ne-Ramallah kwi-West Bank. Ukhuphe ingxelo egxeka i-Hamas "ngokwaphulwa kwayo kakubi kwemigaqo esisiseko yoluntu ngokuthatha kunye nokuqhubeka nokubamba abantwana." Uphinde wakugxeka "ukonyuka okubalulekileyo kweziganeko zohlaselo lwabemi bakwa-Israeli ngokuchasene nabemi basePalestine eWest Bank."
Kodwa uKhan akazange amgxeke urhulumente wase-Israel ngokubulawa kwakhe, ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe eluntwini eGaza, kubandakanya nokubulala amawaka abantu basePalestine, ukuqhushumba kweziseko zoluntu, kunye nokudlulisela ngenkani (ngoku iipesenti ezingama-85) zabemi baseGaza.
UKhan wenze ingxelo ye-milquetoast yokuba impendulo ye-Israel kuhlaselo lwe-Hamas "ixhomekeke kwimimiselo ecacileyo esemthethweni elawula imfazwe. Ingxwabangxwaba kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi apho amajoni atyholwa ukuba afakwe ngokungekho mthethweni kuluntu luntsonkothile, kodwa umthetho wobuntu wamazwe ngamazwe kusafuneka usebenze kwaye umkhosi wase-Israel uyawazi umthetho omawusetyenziswe.
Ngomhla wesi-6 kuDisemba, ndiye ndajoyina inqwaba yabaphengululi kunye namagcisa ezomthetho, ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezopolitiko ukusayina ileta evuliweyo kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ye-ICC ebabongoza ukuba baphande โukungakhethi buso nokungacalucaluloโ kukaKhan.
Sibhale ukuba ingxelo kaKhan "ibonise ukusetyenziswa okukhethiweyo komthetho wezizwe ngezizwe wolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nokutolikwa ngokungekho mthethweni kwemigaqo yawo." Khan, siqaphele, "kubonakala ngathi sele egqibe kwelokuba ubugebenga bezizwe ngezizwe benziwe ngamaqela axhobileyo asePalestina, ngaloo ndlela bejongela phantsi imithetho esisiseko, kubandakanywa nokucingelwa ukuba umsulwa kunye nemigangatho efanelekileyo. "
Kwileta yethu, sachaza ukuba uKhan usebenzise isichazi esithi "abamsulwa" ukuchaza abantu base-Israeli kodwa akazange asebenzise isichazi esifanayo ukubhekisa kumaPalestina, kwaye akazange abhekisele "kumngcipheko wokubulawa kwabantu eGaza."
Sibize iNdibano yaMazwe ngaMazwe ukuba "iqinisekise ukuba uMtshutshisi ukhupha izibonelelo ngesiseko seemfuno zophando ngokuchasene nokubeka phambili okuqhutywa yipolitiki, kwaye wayibongoza ukuba ikhawulezise uphando lwayo kwiMeko yasePalestine."
UNobhala Jikelele we-UN Ubiza "Esona sixhobo sinamandla" kwi-UN Charter
NgoDisemba 6, uNobhala Jikelele we-UN u-Antรณnio Guterres thumela ileta kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko belibongoza ukuba livakalise ukupheliswa koluntu ukuze โiindlela zokusinda zibuyiselwe, noncedo loluntu luhanjiswe ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nangexesha elifanelekileyo kulo lonke ummandla waseGaza.โ Uthe, "Asinakulinda" kwaye wayigxeka "intlungu eyoyikekayo yabantu, ukutshatyalaliswa komzimba kunye nokwenzakala okuhlangeneyo kulo lonke elakwa-Israyeli nakwimimandla yasePalestina."
UGuterres ucele ukungafane kusetyenziswe iNqaku lama-99 loMnqophiso we-UN esithi unobhala jikelele โunokwazisa iBhunga lezoKhuseleko ngawo nawuphi na umbandela ngokokubona kwakhe, osenokusongela ukugcinwa koxolo nokhuseleko lwezizwe ngezizwe.โ
"Imeko iya isiba yintlekele enokuthi ingabi nakuguqulwa kubantu basePalestine xa bebonke kunye noxolo nokhuseleko kulo mmandla," utshilo uGuterres. "Isiphumo esinjalo kufuneka siphetshwe ngazo zonke iindleko."
NgoDisemba 8, iBhunga lezoKhuseleko lahlangana ukuphendula isibongozo sikaGuterres. Guterres kwaziswa ibhunga โAkukho lukhuselo lusebenzayo lwabemi. Abantu baseGaza baxelelwa ukuba bahambe okweepinballs zomntu-behamba phakathi kwamaqhekeza amancinci asemazantsi, bengenazo naziphi na izinto ezisisiseko zokusinda. Kodwa akukho ndawo eGaza ikhuselekile.โ
UGuterres uthe, "Ndibongoza iBhunga ukuba lingenzi nzame zokunyanzela ukuba kupheliswe umlilo ngokukhawuleza, kukhuseleko lwabemi, kunye nokuhanjiswa koncedo olusindisa ubomi ngokukhawuleza."
I-United States iye yasiphikisa isigqibo seBhunga lezoKhuseleko ebesinokuthi sifune ukupheliswa koluntu ngokukhawuleza, ukukhuselwa kwabemi basePalestine nabakwa-Israeli, kunye nokukhululwa ngokukhawuleza nangokungenamiqathango kwabo bonke abathinjwa.
Kwakhona, i-US ibonelele u-Israyeli ngezopolitiko kunye nezozakuzaku malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe, ukubulawa kwabantu, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho oluchasene noluntu.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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