Ukubulawa kwabantu abamsulwa ngumbandela onzulu. Asiyonto ukulibala lula. Kungumsebenzi wethu ukuxabisa inkumbulo yabo.
- Mahatma Gandhi
Intshayelelo: Ukuziphatha Kwaqhawulwa KwezoPolitiko
Imfazwe izala ukonakala kunye nezibongozo ezingacacanga zokuziphatha zikhokelela kwipolitiki ezele ligazi nentshabalalo.[1] Amaxesha amaninzi iba ngabona bamsulwa bahlawula ixabiso. Owona mzekelo wamva nje nolusizi kukufa nogonyamelo oluye lwenziwa kubantwana bakwaSirayeli naseGaza. Ngokutsho kwe-Ofisi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yoLungelelaniso lweMicimbi yoLuntu, xa ubundlobongela buqala ukuqhuma ngo-Oktobha 7th kunye nokuhlaselwa okukhohlakeleyo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-Hamas kumajoni ase-Israel kunye nabemi, abantwana be-29 base-Israel babulawa.[2] Ukubulawa kwabantwana abamsulwa kwaqhubeka ngamanani anyukayo ngendlela eyothusayo ngomgaqo-nkqubo kaSirayeli wezohlwayo ezihlangeneyo. NgoNovemba 26th, abantwana abangama-5500 basePalestina babulawa eGaza, abanye abali-1800 abalahlekileyo, kwaza kwangxwelerheka abangamawaka asithoba.[3] Malunga nesiqingatha sabantu baseGaza abazizigidi ezisisi-2.3 ngabantwana.
Kubantwana ababulawa kwaSirayeli naseGaza, imbali ayizange iqale nge-7 ka-Okthobhath. Imbali ikwenza kucace ukuba ukwakhiwa kwamangcwaba abantwana kunelifa elide kwaye kusekelwe nzulu kulwimi lwemfazwe, ukulwa, ukuvalelwa ngenkani, imisebenzi, imiqobo nogonyamelo.[4] Lulwimi olutyhalela ecaleni intetho nexabiso lesidima somntu, uxanduva lwentlalo, uvelwano komnye, kunye nedemokhrasi ngokwayo. Ukubulawa kwabantwana emfazweni kujongelwa phantsi xa isidima somntu sinikezela kwiminqweno yobuzwe neenkqubo zogonyamelo.
Ebudeni bemfazwe yangoku yakwaSirayeli neHamas, imifanekiso yabantwana abagqunywe ligazi, amalungu omzimba angekhoyo, imizimba ephangwe ubomi iyalityalwa phakathi kwekhwelo lokhuseleko nempindezelo “eyilwe yaza yalondolozwa ziinqwelo-moya nezixhobo zemfazwe.”[5] Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi kubantwana baseGaza. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, inkumbulo iyasilela, yaye imbali ayisasebenzi njengesilumkiso nobungqina bokuziphatha kukonakala kokubingelela ngabantwana kwinkohlakalo yokubeka phambili imfazwe phezu koxolo. Xa imbali, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, nokuhlonelwa kwesidima somntu ziphela ekuyileni ugonyamelo, ingakumbi ngokuphathelele ukubulawa kwabantwana, ukuthi cwaka kuba yindlela yokungcatsha neyongezelela kulwazi nogonyamelo.[6] Nokuba ngaba nguHamas okanye uSirayeli, Kwaye ukubulawa nokwenzakala kwabantwana kuya kuqhubeka, kwaye kufuneka kugwetywe.
Njengoko uMartin Luther King Omnci. wathi kwintetho yakhe edumileyo yeCawa yaseRiverside yowe-1967 egxeka iMfazwe yaseVietnam, amaxesha obundlobongela nemfazwe akwenza ukuba kube yimfuneko ngakumbi ukuphakamisa umbuzo wokuba ngubani oza kuthethela abantwana.[7]Amazwi achukumisayo kaKumkani asasebenza nanamhlanje phakathi kwemfazwe yakwaSirayeli neHamas njengoko ayenjalo ngowe-1967. KuKumkani, umthwalo wesazela, okusesikweni novelwano ufuna ingcamango yembopheleleko yentlalontle eyenza ubani “athethele ababuthathaka; abantwana abangenalizwi [kunye] nababandezelekileyo nabangakwazi kuzinceda.”[8]
Abantwana bamsulwa. Abayidali iimeko zemfazwe; kananjalo abalweli mfazwe. Ukusweleka kwabo bonke abantwana kolu ngquzulwano kulusizi kwaye njengoko uJudith Butler ethe “akunakubakho kungalingani apha.”[9] Sinokuyiqonda njani imfazwe yakwaSirayeli neHamas ngexesha embalini apho oomatshini abakhulu bokufa bengabandakanyeki ekubulaleni abantwana kuphela, kodwa njengoko uDavid Theo Goldberg etshilo, ezo zenzo “zimiselwe ekwamkeleni ukuba kukho ukuzikhusela. ukuba semthethweni ekubulaweni phantse ngokuzenzekelayo kwamabhinqa, abantwana namadoda” ukuze kunikelwe unqabiseko ngeebhombu, iitanki, iinqwelo-moya nokubulawa kwabantu ngokungakhethi buso.[10] Ewe, ukugxininiswa okuphezulu kukhuseleko kunye noloyiko ayikuphela kwengxoxo esemthethweni yemfazwe kodwa inxulunyaniswe nombono kaRebecca Gordon wokuba "Imfazwe ayinakuba sempilweni kubantwana nakwezinye izinto eziphilayo, kodwa ilungile kwishishini lezixhobo."[11]
Imbali, isimilo kunye nezopolitiko zinokuthiwa njani ukuba zibonelele ngolwimi lokuchasa izenzo zobunkokeli be-Hamas kunye ne-right-wing ye-Israel inkulumbuso, uNetanyahu. Lo ngumba obaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi malunga neNetanyahu enemigaqo-nkqubo yakhe yemfazwe ehlala isemthethweni kwisigama esicacileyo sokuthetha kabini "ngomonakalo wesibambiso," "imfuneko yomkhosi," "ukuzikhusela," "iikhaka zabantu," kunye " imikhosi yobuqaba.” Njengoko uJason Stanely ephawula, ukubulawa kwabantu akunakuqinisekiswa egameni lokuzikhusela macala omabini kule mfazwe. Into emele iqondwe kukuba umnqweno kaSirayeli wokuziphindezela, ohambisana nobuchule bakhe obunamandla obunamandla bomkhosi phezu kweHamas, kukwenza kungamkeleki ukuthethelela isibakala sokuba “ibandakanyeke ekubulaleni inyambalala [engenamlinganiselo] yabemi abamsulwa, ubukhulu becala abantwana.”[12]
Kule mishini yemfazwe enobundlobongela nangona i-asymmetrical kakhulu eyenziwa yi-Hamas kunye nelizwe lakwa-Israel, "ubulungisa bulingana nokungabi nabulungisa" kunye nabantwana ababanjelwe kolu hlaselo olugqithiseleyo yi-Israel Defence Forces, akukho hlabathi lokudlala, ubulungisa, okanye uvuyo. Kunoko, baphila kwihlabathi ekukho kuphela isibakala esinganyamezelekiyo sokuphalazwa kwegazi, ukutshatyalaliswa kwezibhedlele nezindlu, yaye kungekho bomi bungaphezu kwemigaqo yomkhosi yokuziphindezela.[13] Yiyiphi enye indlela yokuchaza abantwana ababini abancinci, omnye oneminyaka eyi-15 kunye nomnye oneminyaka eyi-8 ubudala, babulawa yimikhosi yase-Israel kwi-West Bank? Iya iba worse.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngenxa yokuba bangaphezulu kwe-15,000 abantu ababhubhileyo, uninzi lwabo bengabafazi nabantwana, ngenxa yemfazwe kaNetanyahu yokuziphindezela, kunengqiqo ukuphelisa ukuthula kwaye ubuze ukuba inani elimangalisayo lentshabalalo nokufa eGaza "yongeza kwi- impendulo efanelekileyo kwi-nightmare ye-Hamas ka-Oktobha 7th ukuhlasela.”[14] UJudith Butler uqhubela phambili kwaye uxoxa ukuba ukujolisa abantu, kodwa ngakumbi abantwana, kufana nento ayibiza ngokuba "yimigaqo-nkqubo yokubulawa kwabantu."[15] Ekwenzeni eli bango, ukhusela ilungelo lokugxeka ilizwe lakwa-Israel ngokubanga ukuba “akuchaseki ukugxeka ilizwe lakwaSirayeli ukuba ilizwe lakwaSirayeli lilizwe lobukoloniyali elenza ubundlobongela obungaqhelekanga. Umntu uyakuchasa ukungabikho kokusesikweni. Eneneni, njengomYuda, unyanzelekile ukuba ukuchase okungekho sikweni. Ubungayi kuba ngumYuda olungileyo ukuba ubungakuchasanga okungekho sikweni. Ukumanyana nePalestina akunyanzelekanga ukuba uvumelane nazo zonke izenzo zomkhosi weHamas, kodwa kukuma nabantu ekujoliswe kubo ngendlela yokubulala abantu.”[16]
Iindawo ezibulalayo zoxolo ziyakhathaza kwaye zibumba amajelo eendaba aphambili kunye namanye amaziko emfundo malunga nokugubungela imfazwe yakwa-Israel-Hamas. Umkhosi womkhosi odityaniswe negunya uvelisa ukucinezelwa kwembali, ukuchasana, kunye nesibindi soluntu. Inyaniso inikelwa kwipropaganda kunye nokusebenza komatshini omkhulu wokutshabalalisa ongenankumbulo, ukuziphatha, uvakalelo lobulungisa, okanye ikamva. Ukufikelela kobundlobongela kunye nokufa kwa-Israyeli nguHamas kuyamangalisa ekungcoleni kwayo kwaye kuye kwapapashwa kakuhle kumajelo aqhelekileyo kunye nakwezinye izixhobo zenkcubeko. Upapasho olufanayo alunikwanga kukubandezeleka okufunyanwa ngabantwana kunye nabemi baseGaza okubangelwa lilizwe lakwa-Israeli, elifumana ingxelo encinci kakhulu njengoko amajelo eendaba ebethelela iqondo elikhulu lembali kunye nentlalontle.
Imilinganiselo yokuziphatha nezobupolitika zibonakala zinemiphumo engathandekiyo kwabo bafuna uxolo kumacala omabini ongquzulwano. Ngaphaya koko, ukulungiswa kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ngokubhekisele kwizenzo zenkohlakalo zabemi bakwa-Israeli kunempembelelo yokuphelisa upolitiko kuba ifihla “ukungalingani okukhulu kwamandla, okubumba ingxaki ekhoyo ngoku.”[17] I-asymmetry engavunywanga yamandla, ubundlobongela, kunye nengcinezelo kumajelo eendaba alawulayo isebenza ukuvala incoko eneziqhamo nenyani phakathi kwamaSirayeli kunye namaPalestine malunga nembali, iingcambu, kunye nomxholo ovelayo wemfazwe kunye nokuqondwa kokubandezeleka kwexesha elide lemfazwe. Abantu basePalestina. Ngaphezu koko, ugxininiso oluhlala kwicala elinye kumaxhoba kunye nabathinjwa bakwa-Israeli kubeka umngcipheko wokunikezela ngento uNoura Erakat ayibiza ngokuba "yinkxaso engathandabuzekiyo yomkhosi wamaSirayeli" kwaye ngokwenza oko ibeka phantsi nayiphi na intetho yesisombululo sezopolitiko esinokubakho kwingxaki yokuziphatha.[18]
Ulwimi lukaNetanyahu lokususa iintambo lungqinelwe kwibango lakhe lokuba “andisokuze ndivumele ilizwe lasePalestine….Siza kuqinisekisa ukuba iGaza ayiphindi ibe sisoyikiso kwakhona.” [19] Le ntetho igqithisayo inika umbono kwizibalo zezopolitiko eziqhuba ibhombu enkulu yaseGaza kunye namanqanaba amangalisayo okubandezeleka okubangele. Umbhali-mbali ongumYuda, uSeth Anziska uphawula kwisincoko kwi I-New York Review of Books ukuba kukho okungakumbi okusetyenzwayo apha kunokonakaliswa okubuhlungu nokubi okubangelwe luloyiso lukaSirayeli lomkhosi. Ubhala athi:
Umphengululi uRaz Segal ubize ingqumbo ekhoyo ngoku eGaza 'njengetyala lembali yokubulawa kwabantu, ngelixa umbhali-mbali u-Omer Bartov walumkisa ngelithi' ingozi yembubhiso ilapho'-ibinzana elothusayo kuthi sonke ebesenza ingqiqo. elo gama ngamava amaYuda aseYurophu ngenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Kodwa ababhali basePalestine nabama-Arabhu kudala belumkisa malunga neenzame zangoku zokugxotha abantu basePalestine, njengoko benabagxeki besiprofeto kwisithethe samaJuda kunye namazwi aphikisayo ngaphakathi kwaSirayeli uqobo. Ngokukhanyela imiphumo yokuziphatha yamandla karhulumente kunye nolongamo, iinkokeli zakwaSirayeli kunye nabaninzi kuluntu lwakwaSirayeli-kunye nabaxhasi abanyanisekileyo kumazwe angaphandle-abavumi ukuvuma ukuba banokuba ngamaxhoba kunye nabenzi bobubi.[20]
Ukubambelela ixesha elide kulawulo lobukoloniyali kwicala likaSirayeli kwalatha kwimfuneko yokudlulela ngaphaya kokuziphatha ukuze kuhlolwe kwaye kuxhathise ezopolitiko, ubudlelwane bamandla, kunye neemeko ezikhokelele kungquzulwano olukhoyo ngoku. Kule meko, kukho imfuneko yokufikelela ngaphaya kolwimi lokugwetywa kokuziphatha, olugqithise oko kunokuthetha ukuba zombini ukubonelela ngokhuseleko lwamaSirayeli kunye nenkululeko kunye nenkululeko yabantu basePalestina.[21] UJames Baldwin wachaza ngokucacileyo ukuba inkululeko yezopolitiko ekugqibeleni imalunga namandla kunokuziphatha; imalunga namandla kwinkonzo yokuchasana ngokubambisana. Elandela isibongozo sikaFrederick Douglass sokuba “amandla awavumi nto ngaphandle kwemfuneko,” wathi “Ukuze amandla ngokwenene azive esongelwa, kufuneka ngandlel’ ithile azive ephambi kwelinye igunya—okanye, ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi, amandla—elinawo. ayaziwa ukuba ichazwa njani kwaye ngenxa yoko ayazi ngokwenene indlela yokulawula. " [22] La mandla okucinga okugxekayo, ukucaphukisa, kunye nokuchasa.
Imbali kunye noMongo
Imfazwe yakwaSirayeli neHamas ibone ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zemfundo njengenxalenye yesixhobo esikhulu sokusasaza kunye nokucima. Naliphi na ikhwelo lokuhlalutya zombini imbali kunye nomxholo okhulayo wobudlelwane be-Israel-Palestina ichithwa ngokubanzi ngamazwe amaninzi aseNtshona, abezopolitiko be-right-wing, amajelo anamhlanje, amajelo eendaba ezentlalo, kunye namaziko emfundo njengendlela yokuchasana okanye ukuxolisa ngenxa yezenzo ze-Hamas. yobundlobongela. Okubi ngakumbi kukuba ibango lokuba iHamas kunye nabantu basePalestine bayafana. Kwesi sihlandlo, uSirayeli usebenzisa ubugebenga beHamas ukohlwaya bonke abantu basePalestina. Njengoko uFintan O'Toole exoxa kwi Ukuhlaziywa kweeNcwadi eNew York:
Le ngqiqo kudala yasekwa iyaqhubeka ukudlala kwaSirayeli ngoku. Abo benza ubugebenga bobugrogrisi bachongwa (njengoko banqwenela ukuba njalo) kunye nabantu abathi babamele. Ukuba abantu ke bancitshiswe kwizenzo zenkohlakalo ezenziwe egameni layo kwaye kufuneka bahlawule ixabiso lazo msindo. Yingqiqo ethi ngaxeshanye inyuse ukuma kwabanqolobi kwaye icuthe phantse ukuba ingabonakali ubuntu babantu abangekho kwiqela labaphuli-mthetho. Yingqiqo ethe yasetyenziswa, amaxesha ngamaxesha kuyo yonke imbali.[23]
Undoqo kwibango lokuba izenzo zeHamas zibonelela ngengxelo ekukuphela kwayo yokuqonda imfazwe yakwa-Israel-Hamas sisigwebo esicalanye “esifuna ukwala ukuqonda…kwaye sijongela phantsi amandla okugweba.”[24] Kunjengokuba uNicholas J. Davies ephawula, “Ukungayiboni le mbono kube kukuqondwa kwayo nayiphi na imbali eyakhokelela kuko.”[25] Eli bali lonciphiso ngokulula libonelela ngezizathu ezithe xhaxhe zobundlobongela base-Israel kubantwana, abasetyhini kunye nabemi. Kubalulekile ukuba naluphi na uhlalutyo longquzulwano lwe-Israel-Hamas lwangoku lubekwe kwaye lulungiswe ngembali kunye neengcambu zezizathu eziye zayibumba; kungenjalo, ukufuna uxolo kuyapheliswa kwikhwelo lemfazwe. Ngokomzekelo, uTal Schneider ubike kwi Amaxesha amaSirayeli ukuba nakuphi na ukugwetywa kweHamas kuya kuba kungaphelelanga ngaphandle kokubandakanya imbali yendlela uNetanyahu "ethathe indlela eyahlula amandla phakathi kweGaza Strip kunye neWest Bank-Ukuzisa iPalestinian Authority uMahmoud Abbas emadolweni ngelixa esenza iintshukumo ezixhasa iqela labanqolobi beHamas."[26] Ngamanye amazwi, uNetanyahu wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuziseni i-Hamas kumandla kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba bahlala belawula iGaza.
Akwanelanga ukugweba ngokukodwa ubundlobongela obunoburhalarhume beHamas njengokunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu. Ukuguqula iso elibukhali kubundlobongela olwenziwa yi-Israel eGaza kubalulekile, ngokukodwa ngexesha apho ubundlobongela obunjalo bunokuthi buphule umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, ngakumbi ukususela ngo-Oktobha 7. Ngokomzekelo, imisebenzi yokuqhuma ibhomu yase-Israel eGaza yayiquka ukuhlaselwa kwe-air ngokumelene nombaleki waseJabalia. Inkampu, i-Airwars esekwe e-UK ithi yakhokelela “ekuswelekeni kwamalungu osapho amaninzi, amathathu kubo ekuxelwe ukuba abandakanyeka ekutshatyalalisweni kweentsapho. Kuqikelelwa ukuba inani labantu abafayo [li-126-136] liquka[d] abantwana abangama-69.”[27] Ukongezelela, yaye njengoko uBrett Wilkins enikela ingxelo “abantu abamalunga ne-1.7 lesigidi—okanye abamalunga nama-70 ekhulwini abemi baseGaza—baye bafuduswa ngenkani kwimfazwe leyo iingcali ezininzi eziyibiza ngokuba “yimbubhiso.”[28]
Ukulinganisa onke amaPalestine kunye neHamas yifomula yokudityaniswa kwe-Islamophobia kunye nentiyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuncitshiswa okufanayo kusebenza ukulinganisa imigaqo-nkqubo ye-Netanyahu ekhohlakeleyo yasekhaya neyangaphandle kunye nawo onke amaYuda ngokudibeneyo. Ingcinga yokugqibela yokutyholwa ngokudibeneyo yondla inkcaso. Into engekhoyo kuzo zombini iiakhawunti ziindlela ezintsonkothileyo apho amasikizi emfazwe amkelwa ngamaqela ahlukeneyo, amaqela kunye nabantu ngabanye kunye noko babelana ngako ekuxhaseni kwabo umgaqo-nkqubo kaNetanyahu wesohlwayo esihlangeneyo. Ngamafutshane, onke amaYuda akanakubekwa tyala ngokutshabalalisa kukaNetanyahu eGaza kwaye abantu basePalestina abanakubanjwa “ngokuhlangeneyo nangomntu ngamnye ngenxa yezenzo zeHamas.”[29]
Ukwala ukubamba onke amacala kule mfazwe kwimigangatho yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kukwaphulwa kwesidima somntu, ubulungisa, kunye nemigaqo yedemokhrasi. Njengoko i-theorists efana no-Adam Tooze, uSamuel Moyn, u-Amia Srinivasan, kunye no-Nancy Fraser baye baphikisana, kukho ingxoxo encinci yokuphulwa komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kwintetho yangoku. Izenzo zenkohlakalo ezijoliswe kubemi kunye nabantwana kumacala omabini kufuneka zigwetywe phantsi kwemigaqo yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Xa bengenjalo, ukubulawa kwabantwana akusayi kuba yinto engacingekiyo, iba bubugxwayiba obuhlala bungenakuphenduleka. Tooze Mony, Fraser, et. al. zifanelekile ukucaphula. Babhala:
Sinexhala lokuba akukho nto ithethwayo malunga nokugcinwa komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, okwathintela ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe eluntwini olufana nesohlwayo esihlangeneyo, intshutshiso, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweziseko ezingundoqo ezibandakanya izikolo, izibhedlele kunye neendawo zonqulo. Ukukhokelwa yimigaqo yemigangatho yezomthetho yamazwe ngamazwe, ubumbano kunye nesidima somntu kusinyanzela ukuba sibambe bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwingxabano kulo mgangatho ophezulu. Asinakuvumela izenzo zenkohlakalo ukuba zisinyanzele ukuba siyilahle le migaqo.
USirayeli ubandakanyeke kuqhushumbisi oluphuphumayo lweyona mimandla inabemi abaninzi emhlabeni; iye yaqhushumbisa izibhedlele, yabulala abachola-choli beendaba, yavala amanzi, umbane nokutya okubalulekileyo ekusindeni kwabemi basePalestina abazizigidi ezisisi-2.3, ivelisa kwakhona oko amaziko amaninzi ezizwe ngezizwe nabahlalutyi baye babhekisela kuko “njengengcwaba elivulekileyo.” [30] Ebudeni bohlaselo lwangoku lomkhosi wakwaSirayeli, “uNobhala-Jikelele weZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, uAntónio Guterres, wagxininisa ukuba iGaza yayisiba “lingcwaba labantwana.”[31] Ubundlobongela obenziwa kwiGaza bunembali ende kwaye ukuqonda ukuba imbali ibalulekile kuyo nayiphi na ingqiqo esebenzayo yokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokuziphatha kunye nobudlelwane bayo nemigaqo yobulungisa nenkululeko. Intshabalalo engenamkhawulo, ukubandezeleka kunye nengqumbo yokubulala isisiseko semfazwe yakwa-Israel-Hamas kwaye isekelwe kwimbali ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ukuba umbuzo woxolo nenkululeko uza kuthatha indawo yezenzo zokufa zemfazwe. UJudith Butler unyanisile ekuphikisaneni ukuba isikhundla sokuziphatha komntu emfazweni akufanele sisongelwa ngokufunda ngembali. Ubhala athi:
Akuyomfuneko ukuba isoyikise izikhundla zethu zokuziphatha ukuze sithathe ixesha lokufunda ngembali yobundlobongela bamathanga kunye nokuphonononga ulwimi, amabali kunye nezicwangciso-nkqubo ezisebenzayo ngoku ukunika ingxelo nokucacisa - kunye nokutolika kwangaphambili - okwenzekayo kulo mmandla. Olo hlobo lolwazi lubalulekile, kodwa hayi ngeenjongo zokumisela ubundlobongela obukhoyo okanye ukugunyazisa ubundlobongela obungaphaya. Injongo yayo kukubonelela ngengqiqo yokwenyani yemeko kunokuba uyilo olungakhuphiswanga lwangoku lulodwa olunokubonelela.[32]
Ukusetyenziswa kweedemon kulwimi kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokuphikisana
Nayiphi na intetho malunga noxolo phakathi kwamaYuda kunye namaPalestina kunye nokuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuthintela ukubulawa kabuhlungu kwabantwana kunye nabahlali kufuneka kulungiswe indlela ulwimi oluye lwasetyenziswa ngayo kule ngxabano ukutshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo amaPalestina kunye naloo maqela amaYuda kunye nabantu abathetha ngokuphelisa imfazwe kwaye kwinkululeko yasePalestina. Uninzi lwamajelo eendaba anamhlanje anike ingxelo okanye anike ixesha lokuthetha ngolwimi lokuthotywa isidima sobuntu, okondla indlala yempindezelo, imfazwe kunye nobundlobongela. Ngokomzekelo, xa wayesabela kuhlaselo oloyikekayo lweHamas ngo-Oktobha 7, umphathiswa wezokhuselo kwaSirayeli, uYoav Gallant wathi “‘silwa nezilwanyana ezingabantu yaye siya kwenza ngokuvisisana noko’.”[33] Usopolitiki wase-Israel uMoshe Feiglin wabiza iDresden eGaza, ebhekisa kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi yokuqhushumba kwesixeko saseJamani iDresden, kwabulawa abantu abangama-25,000. Xa wayebuzwa ngokubulawa kwabantu basePalestina, “owayesakuba yinkulumbuso yakwaSirayeli uNaftali Bennett wathi kwintatheli yeSky News. 'Yintoni engalunganga ngawe? Silwa namaNazi.’”[34]Inkulumbuso uBenjamin Netanyahu iphindaphinda ukusebenzisa ulwimi lweedemon, nto leyo ebonakala kwibango lakhe lokuba “iHamas ngamaNazi amatsha” nokuba imfazwe nxamnye nayo yayimele “idabi lempucuko nxamnye nobukrwada.”[35] Ezi nkcazo azikho nje iintsilelo zokuziphatha kunye neengqondo kwiinkokeli zezopolitiko, zisebenzisa olu lwimi lwe-absolutist ukubonisa nabani na ogxeka ilizwe lakwaSirayeli njengama-anti-Semites alukhuni, ukuba abenzi basebenzisana nabanqolobi.
Ukususela ekuhlaselweni kweHamas, ulwimi lokutshabalalisa kunye nokulahla luye lwafikelela kwinqanaba lomkhuhlane. Kwa-Israel, uninzi lwayo lusasazwa ngabashicileli abaqinileyo, abakwi-right-wing kwisangqa senkxaso yeNetanyahu. U-Ishaan Tharoor, umbhali we IWashington Post, inikela umzekelo owothusayo wale ntetho yokuthotywa isidima sobuntu, ugonyamelo, nokutshatyalaliswa kohlanga. Ubhala athi:
Qwalasela amazwi omphathiswa wezokhuseleko kuzwelonke u-Itamar Ben Gvir, owathi, ngelixa evuselela imijikelo emitsha yobundlobongela eWest Bank, wacebisa ukuba nabani na ovelana neHamas kufuneka "apheliswe." Okanye ezo zika-Amihai Eliyahu, iqabane elikude lasekunene likaNetanyahu kunye nomphathiswa welifa lakwaSirayeli, owathi ukuwisa ibhombu yenyukliya eGaza kunokuba yinto enokukhetha kuyo. Okanye ikhwelo elivela kuGalit Distel Atbaryan, kutshanje (kodwa engasekho) umphathiswa wolwazi wakwaSirayeli, ukuba kucinywe “yonke iGaza ebusweni bomhlaba” aze agxothe amaPalestina ayo ekuthinjweni eYiputa.[36]
Ulwimi lokungakhathali nokuba luvela kwa-Israel okanye kwi-Hamas luphazamisa kakhulu. Abalandeli beHamas babiza onke ama-neo-Nazi akwa-Israeli bachitha isidima somntu kunye nezopolitiko kwintetho yentiyo engapheliyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukujongana nayo kukuba amandla kule ngxabano akwicala lelizwe lakwa-Israel elinelungelo lokusebenzisa i-propaganda yakhe kunye nentetho yokuxhatshazwa kwabantu ilawula iipolitiki zehlabathi e-United States kunye nezizwe ezininzi zaseNtshona. Njengoko inani labaphengululi beHolocaust liphawulwe kwi I-New York Review of Books, intetho enjalo ikhuthaza "iingxelo zobuhlanga malunga namaPalestina ... yahlula[s] le ngxaki yangoku kwimeko evele ngayo [kwaye icime] iminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe anesihlanu yokufuduka, iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu anesithandathu, kunye neminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu yeGaza. ibhlokhi.”[37] Ekugqibeleni, ulwimi lokusebenzisa iidemon kunye neengqikelelo, ngokubhekele phaya luvelisa “ugonyamelo oluhlala luwohloka [kunye] nengxelo apho “ububi” bumele boyiswe ngenkani iya kuqhubela phambili imeko yengcinezelo esele ikho. inde kakhulu."[38] Akunjalo kuphela ulwimi olunjalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luvela phi, ubundlobongela bungumgaqo wonxibelelwano, kodwa luphakamisa imfazwe njengesisombululo kuphela kwingxabano ye-70 ye-Israel-Palestinian.
Umzekelo, inqanaba eliphezulu lepropaganda yepro-Israeli kunye ne-disinformation ingamandla anamandla ekuboniseni amaPalestine njengabantu abangaphantsi kobuntu, abangasifanelanga isidima somntu, kwaye bephantsi koyilo lobuhlanga oluphinda luphinde lube nengqiqo yobukoloniyali. Ubungqina bugcwele indlela le ntetho ekhoyo ngayo kwaSirayeli kumanqanaba aphezulu amagunya. Ngokomzekelo, umphathiswa karhulumente kwaSirayeli, uBezalel Smotrich (ozibiza ngokuba ngamafanasini anekratshi) wabhekisela kubantu basePalestina njengeengcongconi, esongezelela intetho yakhe ethoba isidima ngokuthi “Yingxaki yeengcongconi leyo. Ukuba ujike iingcongconi kwaye ubethe mhlawumbi i-99, iya kuba ye-100, ongazange uyitshathe, eya kukubulala. Esona sisombululo kukuwomisa umgxobhozo.”[39] UVictor Grossman uthi: “Xa wabuzwayo enoba oko kusenokuthetha ukuphelisa zonke iintsapho ezinabafazi nabantwana, uSmotrich waphendula wathi: ‘Imfazwe yimfazwe.’”[40]
Ulwimi lokuthotywa kobuntu buba sisigqubuthelo sokuphathwa gadalala kwabantu basePalestina ngelixa benikezela ukuphuncuka lula kumsebenzi wokufunda kwimbali, ukubonelela ngomxholo obanzi wokuqonda iimeko ezikhokelele kwimfazwe, kunye nokubandakanya ngenkalipho umzabalazo woxolo. Ngaphezu koko, ulwimi olunjalo alupheleli nje kubantu abaneembono ezibaxiweyo, lukwanamandla okubumba inkcubeko ethandwayo, lugubungele iingqondo zesizukulwana solutsha oluneengcamango ezinentiyo zobuhlanga. Kulo mzekelo, inkcubeko ethandwayo iqhubela phambili ukuqhelanisa umgaqo-nkqubo wesohlwayo esihlangeneyo kunye nengqumbo ehlangeneyo ekungekho mida, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukubandezeleka okubangelwayo. Yiyiphi enye indlela yokuchaza, njengokuba imfazwe yayiqhubeka, isiganeko apho kwavela ividiyo kwijelo likamabonwakude lika-Israel iKan News apho abantwana babecula: “Kwisithuba esingangonyaka siya kuphelisa wonke umntu…. Komnye unyaka akuyi kubakho nto. Kwaye siya kubuyela kumakhaya ethu ngokukhuselekileyo…I-IDF inqumla umda ukuze itshabalalise abathwali beswastika…Siza kubacima bonke…Siza kubonisa ihlabathi ukuba sizitshabalalisa njani iintshaba zethu.”[41] I-Indoctrination ekhuthazwa yi-rhetoric ye-dehumanization ivelisa i-political of dispobility apho, kule meko, ubomi basePalestina bujongwa njengento engabalulekanga, egqithisileyo, neyifanele intshabalalo. Ikwaqinisa kwaye ikhawulezise ukucinezelwa kwabagxeki ababizayo, ebusweni bohlaselo olukhwankqisayo lukaSirayeli ngokuchasene neGaza, nokuba luxolo okanye ukupheliswa komlilo.[42]
UMcCarthyism womkhosi
Ukuthethela ukubandezeleka, abacinezelweyo, abangenakuzinceda, nabantwana abamsulwa abahlaselwayo nababulawa ngenkohlakalo kule mfazwe kuye kwaba yingozi ngakumbi. Abantu kunye namaqela kwa-Israyeli nakwamanye amazwe achasene nemigaqo-nkqubo kaNetanyahu yokuhluthwa kwabantu basePalestina, kunye nohlaselo olukhohlakeleyo lomhlaba kunye nomoya, okanye abafuna ukupheliswa komlilo, baphantsi kwephulo elixhaphakileyo lokuhlukumeza, ukuvalelwa, kunye nokubanjwa. UMarsha Gessen ubhala ngaphakathi INew Yorker ithi ukuba abantu bayabanjwa kwa-Israel ngezityholo zokukhuthaza ubunqolobi kwizikhundla ezifuna ukupheliswa komlilo. Uthi inkcaso yemfazwe ihlangatyezwa “nokupheliswa kwentetho, okubandakanya ukubanjwa, ukuncinwa ngamapolisa, noko kufane kubizwe ngokuba ziintetho zokulumkisa eziqhutywa yiShabhak, abezokhuselo.”[43] I-Israel ipasise umthetho ocinezelayo ovumela kwaye uvumele ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kokucupha, ukuvalelwa, kunye nokubanjwa kwamazwi aphikisayo, ngakumbi iYerusalem yasePalestina, nangona ikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokuchasene nabo bonke abaphikisayo kwaSirayeli. Ukubhala ngaphakathi +972 iMagazini, USophia Goodfriend utyhila ubume be-draconian bomthetho. Ubhala athi:
Ngomhla we-8 kaNov, i-Knesset yapasisa isilungiso kuMthetho wokuNqanda ubunqolobi, ukwazisa ityala elitsha lolwaphulo-mthetho - "ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zobunqolobi" - ezithwala isohlwayo esiphezulu sonyaka omnye entolongweni. Abaxhasi bayo bathembisa ukuba umlinganiselo uya kulwa "nokuhlanjululwa kwengqondo okunokuthi kuvelise umnqweno okanye injongo yokwenza uloyiko," kodwa abameli bamalungelo oluntu kunye neengcali zomthetho ziyichaza njengelinge "lokuhlwaya iingcamango neemvakalelo" kunye nenye yezona zinto ziphazamisayo kunye nezingqongqo. amanyathelo akhe apasiswa yipalamente yakwaSirayeli. I-Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI) yalumkisa ukuba umthetho awukho ngaphambili kuyo nayiphi na idemokhrasi kwenye indawo emhlabeni.[44]
EUnited States, iinzame zokuphelisa inkcaso nokugxekwa kwemfazwe ziye zakhawuleza zavutha ngumsindo.[45] Phantsi kwetyholo eligqubayo nelingenalucalucalulo lokuchasa abantu ngokungqongqo, kuye kwakho iphulo elixhaphakileyo phakathi kwedyunivesithi, iindawo zokusebenza, nakumajelo osasazo oluntu lokuvala umlomo abo baphikisayo besithi makuyekwe imfazwe okanye kukhuselwe amalungelo abantu basePalestina.[46] Ezinye iiyunivesithi, kuquka iBrandeis kunye neColumbia, zithathe amanyathelo okuthintela uqhanqalazo oluchasene noSirayeli, kwaye ziphelise imibutho yabafundi efana ne -Students for Justice kwizahluko zasePalestine. URon DeSantis, irhuluneli yephiko lasekunene laseFlorida "uyalele izikolo ukuba zichithe izahluko zekhampasi yeqela labafundi abaxhasa iPalestine abathi balungelelaniswe ukuxhasa abanqolobi."[47] Kwezinye iimeko zengcinezelo, izifundiswa ziye zagxothwa okanye zijongene nemilinganiselo yokohlwaya ngenxa yokuqhankqalazela inkululeko yasePalestina. Ukongeza, iintatheli kunye nabafundisi ngokufanayo baye baxela ukuba ukufikelela kwe-lobby yase-Israel kunye namaziko obudlelwane boluntu kunamandla kangangokuba kube luncedo ekufumaneni iinkomfa ezinkulu zirhoxisiwe, ukupapashwa kunye nodliwano-ndlebe lweendaba, [kwaye] inkxaso yePalestina imeme isasazwa, impindezelo yestochastic, eqatha kangangokuba, ngaphandle kokubaxa, inokuthelekiswa 'nomqolo kaMcCarthyite'.[48] Ukwenziwa ngoxilongo, ukuvalela umthetho, ukugrogrisa, kunye nokwenziwa kube lulwaphulo-mthetho ukungavisisani kufumene amandla amakhulu ekuphelisa ikhwelo lobulungisa nenkululeko yasePalestina.
Eli liza linamandla lengcinezelo likwaqhutywa yimpembelelo yoosozigidi abanamandla aphiko lasekunene abakhokela iifem zamagqwetha, berhoxisa izibonelelo zemisebenzi kubafundi bezomthetho abatyikitye izicelo zokumela amalungelo asePalestina. Ityala elinye elathi lafumana ingqalelo yesizwe ligxile kuRyna Workman ongumfundi e-NYU ophulukene nomsebenzi wakhe kwifemu yomthetho edumileyo ngenxa yokuchasa kwakhe imfazwe.[49] Izityebi kunye nabanamandla baye basebenzisa ulawulo lwabo kumajelo eendaba afana ne-Facebook, Instagram, kunye ne-X ukuze bahlolisise iingxelo ze-pro-Palestina. Bakwagrogrisile ngelithi baza kurhoxisa iminikelo yabo kwiidyunivesithi ezivumele ukuchasa imfazwe ukuba yenzeke kwiikhampasi zabo. Udidi lwebhiliyoni oluxhasa umkhosi kaNetanyahu lukwagxothe ababhali kunye nabahleli abachasayo uhlaselo luka-Israel eGaza. Oku kuquka uDavid Velasco, umhleli oyintloko we Artforum, owagxothwa nguJay Penske, i-CEO ye-Penske Media Corporation, ngokuprinta ileta apho wayechasa umgaqo-nkqubo wemfazwe yomhlaba otshisiweyo we-Israel.[50]
Inkcubeko yemfazwe kaNetanyahu iyachuma e-US naphakathi kwezizwe ezininzi zaseNtshona ekucinezeleni ukuchasana. Okuphambili kwinkcubeko yomkhosi kukutshitshiswa kwamazwi aphikisayo ukwenzela ukuvelisa ukungazi okulawulwa ngokucokisekileyo. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, iimfazwe eziqhutywa egameni lonqabiseko, impindezelo nentiyo ziba nempembelelo kwimfazwe yomnqamlezo yonqulo. Amashishini enkcubeko, amaziko emfundo kunye nezinye izixhobo zenkcubeko ezifana neendaba zoluntu eziqhelekileyo ziqhutywa ngokwezopolitiko ngabanini bamabhiliyoni kunye nabaxhasi babo ukudala iziseko zezopolitiko, ezemfundo kunye nezenkcubeko zokunganyanzeli nje ukuchasana kodwa ukujongela phantsi amalungelo abalulekileyo abalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na idemokhrasi esebenzayo.
isiphelo
Abantwana baye baba ngamaxhoba namaxhoba amsulwa kwimfazwe yakwaSirayeli neHamas kunye nemiqondiso yokubandezeleka okungeyomfuneko, ukufa, nokuwohloka kwemigaqo yokuziphatha xa imfazwe neenkqubo zayo zogonyamelo zilawula kwezopolitiko. I-Hamas yabulala abantwana abangamashumi amabini anesithoba ngo-Oktobha 7, 2023. Ngenxa ye-airstrikes yase-Israel kunye nokuhlaselwa kweebhomu ngaphezu kwe-5500 abantwana basePalestina baye babulawa ukususela ekuqaleni kwemfazwe. Ngokutsho kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, isi-1.7 sezigidi kubahlali baseGaza abazizigidi ezisisi-2.3 baye bagxothwa, uninzi lwabo ngabantwana.[51] Njengoko umbhali-mbali weNkcubeko Yabantu Ngenkohlakalo uOmer Bartov ephawula, omabini “amacala ale mfazwe aye agxininisa ekubulaweni nasekuqweqweni kwabantwana besabelana ngemifanekiso neevidiyo zabantwana njengobungqina benkohlakalo yelinye icala.”[52] Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ilizwe lakwaSirayeli libulele inani elikhulu labantwana kuneHamas.
Yintoni edibanisa zombini i-Hamas kunye ne-Israel kukuba ubundlobongela obenzelwa abantwana busetyenziswa nje njengeprop ukuya ngokusemthethweni kunye nokuqhubeka nemfazwe kunye nokufa okuqhubekayo kunye nokubandezeleka kwabantwana, abafazi kunye nabahlali. Abantwana abaphelelanga nje ekubeni ngamaxhoba ale mfazwe, kodwa baye baxhotyiswa ukuba baphembelele ikhwelo lokufuna impindezelo, impindezelo nogonyamelo kumacala omabini ongquzulwano.
Ngokuqinisekileyo indima yeeyunivesithi ifanele ukubhukuqa kwihlabathi elithwaxwa bubuzwilakhe obukhulayo bolawulo-melo. Ifanele ibe yintoni indima yezifundiswa, iinkcuba-buchopho, amagcisa, abafundisi-ntsapho, kunye nabanye abaqhubela phambili ngexesha lemfazwe elondliwe yi-Islamophobia, i-antisemitism, kunye nobundlobongela obukhulu? Imfazwe yakwaSirayeli neHamas isekelwe kwimbali yobukholoniyali, iinkolelo zobuhlanga, kunye nenkcubeko yoloyiko, kwaye ibekwe kwindawo enkulu yokwamkela impambano yomkhosi. Ulwimi, ezopolitiko kunye nobuhlanga obunobuthi obazisa le mfazwe kufuneka bubonakaliswe ngembali yayo, kwaye iinzame zoorhulumente abagunyazisiweyo ezifana nelizwe lakwaSirayeli ukuvala amandla okuhlalutya okubalulekileyo ekufuneni ubulungisa bentlalo kufuneka kuchaswe.
Amaziko avala iindawo ezikhuselayo apho ingxoxo, ingxoxo, kunye notshintshiselwano olunolwazi lunokuthi lwenzeke, umzekelo, phakathi kwamaYuda kunye namaSilamsi kufuneka acele umngeni. Iindlela zokuziphatha kufuneka zibuyiselwe kwezopolitiko ukuze kuqatshelwe kwaye kugwetywe ukubulawa kunye nokwenzakaliswa kwabantwana abamsulwa nabemi. Imigaqo-nkqubo ehlutha abantu umhlaba wabo, ivumela iingxoxo zokutshabalalisa, iwise umthetho ulwimi lwetyala elihlangeneyo, kwaye ibangele abantu bonke idemon kufuneka ichaswe kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu kunye nezemfundo apho iinqobo zentetho yenkululeko kunye nedemokhrasi zinokukhula kunye ukukhula kwemibutho yasekuhlaleni efuna uxolo, ukulingana nenkululeko.
Izifundiswa kunye nabanye kufuneka baphakamise umbuzo kunye nabafundi babo kunye noluntu olukhulu malunga nokuba uxolo, ukulingana kokwenyani kunye nenkululeko kuya kujongeka njani kulo mmandla. UJudith Butler unika ingqiqo ebalulekileyo ekuphenduleni le mibuzo. Kufanelekile ukucaphula ixesha elide:
Ndiyabugxeka ubundlobongela obungathandabuzekiyo ngaxeshanye nam, njengabanye abaninzi, ndifuna ukuba yinxalenye yokucinga kunye nokuzabalazela ukulingana nobulungisa bokwenene kummandla, uhlobo oluya kunyanzela amaqela afana neHamas ukuba anyamalale, umsebenzi uphele, kunye neendlela ezintsha zenkululeko yezopolitiko nobulungisa. Ngaphandle kokulingana kunye nobulungisa, ngaphandle kokuphela kobundlobongela belizwe obuqhutywa ngurhulumente, uSirayeli, owasekwa ngobundlobongela, akukho kamva linokucingelwa, akukho kamva loxolo lokwenyani - hayi, oko kukuthi, 'uxolo' njengentetho yentetho ukulungelelanisa, okuthetha ukugcina izakhiwo zokungalingani, ukungabi namalungelo kunye nobuhlanga endaweni. Kodwa ikamva elinjalo alinakuza ngaphandle kokuhlala ukhululekile ukubiza, ukuchaza kunye nokuchasa bonke ubundlobongela, kubandakanya ubundlobongela belizwe lakwa-Israel kuzo zonke iindlela zabo, kwaye ukwenze oko ngaphandle koloyiko lokuvalwa, ukwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho, okanye ukutyholwa ngonya ngokuchasa abantu…. Kule nto, sifuna iimbongi zethu kunye nabaphuphi bethu, izidenge ezingaguqukiyo, uhlobo olukwaziyo ukulungelelanisa.[53]
Ukupheliswa kwembali, ukunyanzeliswa okuqhubekayo kokuchasana, ukuwa kokuziphatha, kunye nokwamkelwa kwemfazwe kunye nemfazwe njengemigaqo elawulayo yezopolitiko zombuso ziye zasusa abantu basePalestina kwintetho yobumbano kunye nesidima somntu. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, ukubandezeleka kwexesha elide kwabantu basePalestina kuyacinywa, kuthotywe isidima, okanye kuchazwe ngendlela engeyiyo. Ngokutyeshelwa kweemeko eziphambili zembali, imfazwe yakwaSirayeli-Hamas iboniswa ngezixhobo ezinkulu zepropaganda ezifuna impindezelo, isohlwayo esidibeneyo, imfazwe, kunye nemfazwe. Ukucinezelwa kwempikiswano malunga nenkululeko yasePalestina akukho msulwa; lusijongela phantsi isidima somntu, lwenza buthathaka oko kufunwa sisazela, yaye luyihlutha naliphi na ixabiso idemokhrasi. Ikwasebenza ukuthintela imibuzo engonwabanga malunga nendima yelizwe lakwa-Israeli, ubundlobongela babahlali, kunye nokubulawa kwabantwana. UAdam Shatz uphakamisa omnye wemibuzo enokuqonda ngakumbi malunga nokuchasana okujongela phantsi ibango likaSirayeli ledemokhrasi. Ubhala athi, “Ngokwamazwi ka-Amira Hass, intatheli yakwaSirayeli eyachitha iminyaka emininzi inika ingxelo evela eGaza, ‘iGaza iquka impikiswano engundoqo yelizwe lakwaSirayeli – idemokhrasi kwabanye, ukuhluthwa abanye umhlaba; sisiva sethu esivezwayo. AmaSirayeli akathi ‘yani esihogweni,’ athi, ‘Yiyani eGaza.’”[54]
Imfazwe yakwa-Israel-Hamas ngumzekelo owoyikekayo wexesha elidlulileyo lobukoloniyali elizivuselelayo ngolwimi lobundlobongela nokugxothwa kwaye lisongela uluntu ngethemba lemfazwe engunaphakade, leyo inamandla okusasazeka njengomlilo wasendle kuwo wonke uMbindi Mpuma. Oku kucetyiswa koku kudlulileyo kukuba njengoko kwamkelekile njengokupheliswa komlilo, akwanelanga. U-Israyeli akanako ukucima ukuxhathisa kwePalestina kunye nobizo lwabo lwenkululeko; kananjalo amaPalestina akanako ukuliphelisa ilizwe lakwaSirayeli. U-Adam Shatz uchanekile ekuphikisaneni ukuba amaYuda akwa-Israel kunye nama-Arabhu asePalestina abambelele omnye komnye, kwaye isisombululo sezopolitiko kuphela "esiqonda ukuba bobabini njengabemi abalinganayo, kwaye sibavumela ukuba bahlale ngoxolo nenkululeko, nokuba kukwilizwe elinye lentando yesininzi. , amazwe amabini, okanye umanyano. Logama nje esi sisombululo sikhutshiwe, ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo, kunye nentlekele enkulu ngakumbi, zonke ziqinisekisiwe. ”
Siphila kwixesha lokuphinda amazwi kaMartin Luther King, Omnci. xa “ukuthi cwaka kukungcatsha.” Ngokuchasene nokuzola okunjalo, wathi kukho imfuneko yokuguqulwa kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, ukugatywa kwemikhosi edibeneyo “yobuhlanga, ukuthanda izinto eziphathekayo ngokugqithiseleyo nokuthanda imfazwe.[55] UKumkani wayecacile ukuba akukho demokrasi ngaphandle kokuchasa ngokunyanisekileyo amandla abalulekileyo. Ukuthetha phandle ngexesha lobuzwilakhe kusisiseko sokucela umngeni kumandla asisiseko anika amandla, ubomi, kunye nokuphefumla koomatshini bokubulala kunye namazwe abawamkelayo. Asinayo enye indlela ngaphandle kokuphakamisa ingqondo ukuze senze ngokuchasene nengcinezelo egameni loxanduva lwentlalo, isidima somntu kunye nobulungisa. U-Michelle Alexander unyanisile xa esithi kufuneka sithethe egameni labacinezelweyo. Ubhala athi:
Kufuneka sithethe. Xa abacinezelweyo, abahlwempuzekileyo, ababuthathaka, bahlaselwa, xa amakhaya abo abiwe okanye adilizwa, xa benyanzelwa ukuba bafuduke kwaye bahlale kwiimeko ezingenakuchazwa, kwiintolongo ezivulekileyo, nakwiinkampu zoxinaniso, ngokungapheliyo njengeembacu phantsi komsebenzi, kufuneka sithethe. Kufuneka sithethe xa abantwana bamaJuda bebulawa ngokungenalusini egameni lenkululeko, xa i-antisemitism kunye ne-Islamophobia ingena ngomnyango ongasemva weendawo ekucingelwa ukuba zinenkqubela phambili. Xa abantwana basePalestina abakwiinkampu zeembacu beqhunyiswa ngebhombu baze babulawe, xa izikolo nezibhedlele neendawo ezihlala kuzo zichithwa, kufuneka sithethe. Xa umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe uphathwa njengengcebiso engenangqondo, kufuneka sithethe. Ewe, kusenokuba nzima. Ewe, siya kuzenza iimpazamo. Singabantu. Ewe, sisenokuba noloyiko. Kodwa kufuneka sithethe. Ubomi obungenakubalwa kunye nenkululeko yethu sonke ixhomekeke ekubeni sophule ukuthula kwethu.[56]
Imfundo ephakamileyo inokuba yenye yeendawo ezimbalwa ezishiyekileyo apho imiba ebalulekileyo inokuhlalutywa, ibandakanyeke, kwaye ixhomekeke kubunzima bembali, uhlalutyo olubanzi, kunye nobungqina obufanelekileyo. Ifanele ibe yindawo apho abafundi banikwa khona ulwazi lokwenza izigqibo ezizizo, bajongane nolwazi olungazinzisiyo, baze babandakanyeke kwizenzo zokufundisa apho ukukhangela inyaniso kudityaniswa noluvo lokuziphatha kunye noxanduva loluntu. Ngamafutshane, kufanele ukuba ibe yindawo apho imikhwa yobumi kunye ne-arhente ebalulekileyo kufuneka ivunyelwe ukuba ikhule. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwileta esayinwe ngoonjingalwazi beYunivesithi yaseCalifornia abali-150, imfundo ngexesha lobunzima kufuneka yale iinzame zokuvalelwa kwaye yale ukubaleka kwizihloko eziphikisanayo, ngakumbi ngexesha lentlekele, imfazwe, kunye nokubandezeleka okukhulu. Endaweni yokwala ukujongana nemibandela enjalo eklasini, baye bacela ootitshala ukuba babe ziinkcuba-buchopho ezifundisa ngezona nkalo zibalaseleyo zokufundisa. Babhala:
Njengababhali bembali, sigcina ukuba phakathi kwamagalelo ethu kuluntu lwedemokhrasi kunye nehlabathi elinoxolo kukufundisa abafundi izakhono zokuvavanya iimbono ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kubungqina, uphando olunzulu, iindlela ezilungileyo zokufundisa, kunye ne-scholarship ephononongwa ngoontanga ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle. kunye noxinzelelo lwezopolitiko. Ngenene, esi sesona siseko sobuchule bethu obudibeneyo kunye nomgaqo ongundoqo wenkululeko yezemfundo.[57]
Ukuba sihlala sithule xa sijamelene nale mfazwe kwaye sinqabe ukwenza ngabanye kunye ngokubambisana ukuyiphelisa, abantwana abaninzi baya kufa, kwaye iibhomu kunye nobundlobongela obuchaza ipolitiki ye-right-wing racists, i-antisemites, kunye ne-Islamophobes iya kuphumelela. . Kungekudala, isibetho nobumnyama bezopolitiko ezingoozwilakhe buya kubhangisa naliphi na ithemba elikhoyo kwisithembiso sedemokhrasi eyomeleleyo kunye nezibongozo zoxolo. Ukubulawa ngendlela engafanelekanga kwabantwana kwaSirayeli naseGaza yinxalenye yengxaki enkulu ekhathaza ixesha langoku: ukudityaniswa kobukoloniyali kunye ne-neoliberal capitalism. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziziphi iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo eziya kuzo kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zehlabathi, yipolitiki ethob’ isidima yokunyoluka, ukulahlwa nokutshabalalisa. Ukunyaniseka kwayo akukho kwisidima somntu kodwa kwimivuzo yemfazwe, imfazwe, ubundlobongela bombuso, ukuhluthwa, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwengxabano kunye nemizabalazo ebanzi yobulungisa bezoqoqosho kunye nentlalontle. Ukucinezela amabango eentlobo ezinjalo zobulungisa akuseyonjongo nje yezobupolitika; yimfuneko ngexesha apho idemokhrasi kwihlabathi lonke isokola ukuze iphile.
Amanqaku.
[1] UChris Hedges, Obona Bubi Bukhulu yiMfazwe (ENew York: Amabali asixhenxe, ngo-2022).
[2] USaranac Hale Spencer, “Inqwaba yabantwana bafa kwiHamas’ Okt. 7 Uhlaselo kuSirayeli, ngokuchasene neBango elikwi-Intanethi,” Factcheck.org (NgoNovemba 16, 2023). Kwi-intanethi: https://www.factcheck.org/2023/11/dozens-of-children-died-in-hamas-oct-7-attack-on-israel-contrary-to-online-claim/
[3] U-Mohammed Haddad, "Intlekele yoSuku lwaBantwana lweHlabathi: iGaza i-5,500 iphila ubomi obulahlekileyo kuhlaselo lukaSirayeli," Aljazeera(NgoNovemba 20, 2023). Kwi-intanethi:
[4] Kwimbali yongquzulwano lwe-Israel-Palestine kunye nento eyenziwe eGaza, bona uChris Hedges, "'Akukho ndawo ingcwele': Imfazwe ende yakwaSirayeli eGaza. Scheer Post,” (ngo-Oktobha 21, 2023). Kwi-intanethi: https://scheerpost.com/2023/10/21/the-chris-hedges-report-no-sanctuary-israels-long-war-on-gaza/; bona kwakhona, uNorman G. Finkelstein, IGaza: Ukubuza malunga nokufela ukholo (Oakland: IYunivesithi yaseCalifornia Press, 2018).
[5] Fintan O'Toole, "Akukho Ukuphela komdlalo eGaza." Uphononongo lwaseNew York [Ngo-Okthobha 31, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.nybooks.com/online/2023/10/31/no-endgame-in-gaza
[6] ULinda Dayan kunye noMaya Lecker, "Indlela iHaaretz ebala ngayo abafi bakwaSirayeli ukusuka kuhlaselo lweHamas nge-7 kaOktobha," Haaretz (NgoNovemba 23, 2023). Kwi-intanethi: https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-11-23/ty-article-magazine/.premium/how-haaretz-is-counting-israels-dead-from-the-october-7-hamas-attack/0000018b-d42c-d423-affb-f7afe1a70000?lts=1701031597083
[7] Umfundisi uMartin Luther King, Omnci. I-Rhetoric yaseMelika (Yaziswa ngoAprili 4, 1967). Kwi-intanethi: https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkatimetobreaksilence.htm
[8] Umfundisi uMartin Luther King, Omnci. I-Rhetoric yaseMelika (Yaziswa ngoAprili 4, 1967). Kwi-intanethi: https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkatimetobreaksilence.htm
[9] UJudith Butler, ukulingana ngokugqibeleleyo kobomi, " Uphononongo lweBoston (UJanuwari 2020). https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/brandon-m-terry-butler-int/
[10] UDavid Theo Goldberg, "Egameni lethu elidibeneyo," Thunti (Julayi 15,2014). Kwi-intanethi: https://truthout.org/articles/in-our-collective-name/
[11] URebecca Gordon, "Ngaba lixesha (kwakhona kwakhona) lemvukelo engenabugorha? Ukuphelisa amaphupha okuziphindezela kwaSirayeli, ePalestine nakwezinye iindawo,” TomDispatch (NgoNovemba 28, 2023). Kwi-intanethi: https://mailchi.mp/tomdispatch/tomgram-rebecca-gordon-the-hamster-wheel-of-war?e=5101a5c41c
[12] UJason Stanley, “Ubomi bam buchazwa kukubulawa kwabantu abangamaYuda. Ndijonge eGaza ndinenkxalabo. ” Guardian [NgoNovemba 11, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/nov/11/my-life-has-been-defined-by-genocide-of-jewish-people-i-look-on-gaza-with-concern
[13] Fintan O'Toole, "Akukho Ukuphela komdlalo eGaza." Uphononongo lwaseNew York [Ngo-Okthobha 31, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.nybooks.com/online/2023/10/31/no-endgame-in-gaza
[14] UThom Hartmann, "uRebecca Gordon, isondo leHamster leMfazwe," TomDispatch (NgoNovemba 28, 2023). Kwi-intanethi: https://mailchi.mp/tomdispatch/tomgram-rebecca-gordon-the-hamster-wheel-of-war?e=5101a5c41c
[15] U-Amy Goodman, "Ubomi basePalestina bubalulekile kakhulu: Umfundi ongumYuda uJudith Butler uyayigxeka "i-genocide" yakwaSirayeli eGaza. INdemokhrasi ngoku [Ngo-Okthobha 26, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.democracynow.org/2023/10/26/judith_butler_ceasefire_gaza_israel
[16] U-Amy Goodman "uJudith Butler kwiHamas, Isohlwayo sikaSirayeli esihlangeneyo saseGaza kunye nokuba kutheni uBiden kufuneka atyhale ukupheliswa komlilo." INdemokhrasi ngoku [Ngo-Okthobha 26, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.democracynow.org/2023/10/26/judith_butler_on_hamas_israels_collective
[17] UDeborah Chasman kunye noNoura Erakat, "Amatyala Maninzi" Uphononongo lweBoston [Ngo-Okthobha 13, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/the-crimes-are-plenty/.
[18] UDeborah Chasman kunye noNoura Erakat, "Amatyala Maninzi" Uphononongo lweBoston [Ngo-Okthobha 13, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/the-crimes-are-plenty/
[19] Icatshulwe ku-Alon Pinkas, "Imfazwe yakwaSirayeli neGaza ingena kwiSigaba esitsha: Ukugcina iNetanyahu yabucala," Haaretz (NgoNovemba 23, 2023). Kwi-intanethi: https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-11-30/ty-article/.premium/how-do-you-gaslight-an-entire-nation-ask-netanyahu/0000018c-1f93-db78-adcc-bfffdcbf0000
[20] USeth Anziska, "Masingangxameli kwintshabalalo yethu," I-New York Review of Books, (NgoNovemba 9, 2023). Kwi-intanethi: https://www.nybooks.com/online/2023/11/09/let-us-not-hurry-to-our-doom-israel-gaza/
[21] Ibid. UDeborah Chasman kunye noNoura Erakat.
[22] Ucatshulwe kuBlair McClendon, "KuJames Baldwin, uMzabalazo weNkululeko yabaNtsundu yayinguMzabalazo weDemokhrasi," Jacobin, [Mbini]
Kwi-intanethi: https://www.jacobinmag.com/2021/06/james-baldwin-civil-rights-struggle-democracy
[23] Fintan O'Toole, "Abaninzi nabambalwa." Uphononongo lwaseNew York [Ngo-Okthobha 21, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.nybooks.com/online/2023/10/21/the-many-and-the-few-israel-gaza/
[24] UJudith Butler, "Ikhampasi yokuzila." Ukubuyiselwa kweencwadi zeLondon [Ngo-Okthobha 19, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi:https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n20/judith-butler/the-compass-of-mourning
[25] UNicolas JS Davies, "Izaphuli-mthetho zeMfazwe zakwaSirayeli kunye neePropaganda zilandela i-US Blueprint." Isikhonkwane sePunch [NgoNovemba 16, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.counterpunch.org/2023/11/16/israeli-war-crimes-and-propaganda-follow-us-blueprint/
[26] UTal Schneider, “Kangangeminyaka, uNetanyahu wayexhasa iHamas. Ngoku ivuthelwe ebusweni bethu,” Amaxesha amaSirayeli(ngo-Oktobha 8, 2023). Kwi-intanethi: https://www.timesofisrael.com/for-years-netanyahu-propped-up-hamas-now-its-blown-up-in-our-faces/; UAdam Raz, "Imbali emfutshane yoMbutho weNetanyahu-Hamas," Haaretz (October 20, 2023). Online: https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-10-20/ty-article-opinion/.premium/a-brief-history-of-the-netanyahu-hamas-alliance/0000018b-47d9-d242-abef-57ff1be90000
[27] UJessica Corbett, "I-Probe ibonisa abantu abayi-126+ ababulawa ngumkhosi womoya wase-Israeli ekujoliseni 'indoda enye'." Iindoda eziqhelekileyo [NgoNovemba 16, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.commondreams.org/news/israel-bomb-refugee-camp-
[28] UBrett Wikins, "Ii-Airstrikes zakwa-Israeli ezongezelelekileyo zityhala inani lokufa kweGaza ngaphezulu kwe-13,000," C.ommonAmaphupha (NgoNovemba 19, 2023). Kwi-intanethi: https://www.commondreams.org/news/jabalia-
[29] Rowan Wolf, Inqaku loMhleli,” Ingcinga eQhelekileyo (Novemba 28, 2023). Kwi-intanethi: https://www.uncommonthought.com/mtblog/archives/2023/11/28/authoritarianism-anti-jewish-racism-and-the-israel-hamas-war-an-open-letter-to-the-left.php
[30] UAdam Shatz, "IiPathologies zokuziphindezela." Ukubuyiselwa kweencwadi zeLondon [Ngo-Okthobha 19, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n21/adam-shatz/vengeful-pathologies
[31] USteve Coll, "Ukubanjwa kunye nokuSetyenziswa kwaBantwana kunye nabo basesichengeni eMfazweni." INew Yorker [NgoNovemba 15, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/hostage-taking-and-the-use-of-children-and-the-vulnerable-in-war
[32] Ibid. UJudith Butler, "Ikhampasi yokuzila."
[33] Icatshulwe kwiFintan O'Toole, "Engenamehlo eGaza." Uphononongo lwaseNew York [Ngo-Okthobha 10, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.nybooks.com/online/2023/10/10/eyeless-in-gaza/
[34] UAdam Shatz, "IiPathologies zokuziphindezela." Ukubuyiselwa kweencwadi zeLondon [Ngo-Okthobha 19, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n21/adam-shatz/vengeful-pathologies
[35] ULazar Berman, uNetanyahu kwinkokeli yaseDatshi: Le mfazwe yimpucuko ngokuchasene nobuqhetseba. Ixesha likaSirayeli (ngo-Oktobha 23, 2023). Kwi-intanethi: https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/netanyahu-to-dutch-leader-this-war-is-civilization-vs-barbarism/
[36] U-Ishaan Tharoor, "Ilungelo lakwa-Israyeli alithembisi nje uloyiso eGaza, kodwa nokoyisa." IWashington Post[NgoNovemba 17, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/17/israel-government-right-gaza-endgame-conquest/
[37] U-Omer Bartov, uChristopher R. Browning, uJane Caplan, uDeborah Dwork, uMichael Rothberg, et al., “Ileta evulekileyo yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweNkumbulo yokuBulawa Kwabantu Ngenkohlakalo,” I-New York Review of Books (NgoNovemba 20, 2023). Kwi-intanethi: https://www.nybooks.com/online/2023/11/20/an-open-letter-on-the-misuse-of-holocaust-memory/
[38] Ibid.
[39] UVictor Grossman "iGaza kunye nehlabathi," Ibhulethini yaseBerlin No 216 (Novemba 3, 2023). Kwi-intanethi: https://victorgrossmansberlinbulletin.wordpress.com/2023/11/01/gaza-and-the-world/
[40] Ibid. Grossman.
[41] Bona uSophia Khatsenkova, “Inyani: Ngaba abantwana bakwaSirayeli bacula ngokwenene ‘ngokutshabalalisa wonke umntu eGaza’?” Euronews (NgoNovemba 27, 2023). Kwi-intanethi: https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2023/11/27/fact-check-did-israeli-children-really-sing-about-annihilating-everyone-in-gaza
[42] Jonga, umzekelo, uRadhika Sainath, "Ukwahlulwa Kwentetho Yasimahla." Uphononongo lweBoston [Ngo-Okthobha 30, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/the-free-speech-exception/;UTyler Walicek, “Ukuthethelelwa kwabantu basePalestine kwenziwe ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokugqibeleleyo, Ulumkisa abafundisayo.” Thunti [NgoNovemba 2, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://truthout.org/articles/advocacy-for-palestinians-has-been-outright-criminalized-warns-academic.
[43] UMasha Gessen, "Ngaphakathi kwiNtetho yakwaSirayeli." INew Yorker [NgoNovemba 8, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi:https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-human-rights/inside-the-israeli-crackdown-on-speech
[44] USophia Goodfriend, "umthetho 'wamapolisa eengcinga' akwaSirayeli unyusa iingozi kubasebenzisi bemithombo yeendaba zasePalestina," +972 iMagazini (NgoNovemba 24, 2023). Kwi-intanethi: https://www.972mag.com/israel-thought-police-surveillance-palestinians/
[45] Bona, umzekelo, uChris Hedges, "Amaqhinga amdaka ovavanyo lwamaSiyoni ngokuchasene namazwi axhasa iPalestine," Inethiwekhi yeeNdaba eziNgcono (NgoNovemba 27, 2023). Kwi-intanethi: https://therealnews.com/the-dirty-tactics-of-zionist-censorship-against-pro-palestine-voices
[46] UTyler Walicek, "Ukuthethelelwa kwabantu basePalestine kuye kwaphunyezwa ngokugqibeleleyo, Ulumkisa ngokwemfundo." Thunti [NgoNovemba 2, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://truthout.org/articles/advocacy-for-palestinians-has-been-outright-criminalized-warns-academic/
[47] UDivya Kumar, u-Ian Hodgson, "IFlorida iyalela iqela labafundi basePalestine ukuba liphume kwiikhampasi zalo zaseyunivesithi." ITampa Bay Times [Ngo-Okthobha 26, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.tampabay.com/news/education/2023/10/25/florida-orders-pro-palestinian-student-group-off-its-university-campuses/
[48] Ibid. Tyler Walicek.
[49] UAmy Goodman, "Ukwahluka kwePalestine kwiNtetho yasimahla: Ukunyanzelwa, ukuNgcungcuthekiswa Kuqina kwikhampasi phakathi kweMfazwe yaseGaza." INdemokhrasi ngoku [Ngo-Okthobha 27, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://www.democracynow.org/2023/10/27/palestine_legal_campus_censorship_ryna_workman
[50] Alex N. Press, "UMhleli weArtforum usandula ukugxothwa emva kokuprinta ileta echasa uhlaselo lukaSirayeli eGaza." Jacobin [Ngo-Okthobha 27, 2023]. Kwi-intanethi: https://jacobin.com/2023/10/artforum-editor-david-velasco-jay-penske-media-israel-assault-gaza-letter
[51] U-Yara Bayoumy, uSamar Abu Elouf kunye no-Iyad Abuheweila, "Uloyiko, ukuthotywa kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba: abantu baseGazan abajongene noMazantsi oManzi," ENew York Times (NgoNovemba 28, 2023). Kwi-intanethi: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/28/world/middleeast/gaza-evacuation-israel.html
[52] U-Omer Bartov, "Kwimfazwe yakwaSirayeli-Hamas, abantwana ngabona baxhamli bokugqibela - kunye namaxhoba okugqibela," Ingxoxo(NgoNovemba 28, 2023). Kwi-Intanethi: https://theconversation.com/in-the-israel-hamas-war-children-are-the-ultimate-pawns-and-ultimate-victims-216411
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[55] Umfundisi uMartin Luther King, Jr. "Ngaphaya kweVietnam: Ixesha lokuqhawula ukuthula," i-American Rhetoric (Ikhutshwe ngo-Aprili 4, 1967). Kwi-intanethi: https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkatimetobreaksilence.htm
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UHenry A. Giroux ngoku ubambe uSihlalo weYunivesithi yaseMcMaster kwiScholarship kuMdla woLuntu kwiSebe leZifundo zeNgesi neNkcubeko kwaye nguPaulo Freire oDistinguished Scholar in Critical Pedagogy. Ezona ncwadi zakhe zamva nje Ukusilela kweMfundo yaseMelika kunye neMfazwe kuLutsha (Ushicilelo loPhononongo lweNyanga, 2013), Imfazwe yeNeoliberalism kwiMfundo ePhakamileyo (Haymarket Press, 2014), Uluntu oluseMngciphekweni: iTrump kunye neNyolelo yobuGunyaziso baseMelika (Routledge, 2018), kunye ne Ubusuku baseMelika: Ukujongana noMngeni weFascism (Izibane zeSixeko, i-2018), kwi-Critical Pedagogy, i-2nd edition (i-Bloomsbury), kunye ne-Race, i-Politics, kunye ne-Pandemic Pedagogy: Imfundo ngexesha leNgxaki (Bloomsbury 2021). Iwebhusayithi yakhe ithi www. henryagiroux.com.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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1 amagqabantshintshi
Othandekayo uHenry Giroux,
Inkosi ikusikelele! Ndiwulandele umsebenzi wakho (ndiwukhuphele ndaza ndalungisa iijenali zabafundi kwezemfundo) kangangamashumi eminyaka yaye kubonakala kungummangaliso ukuba ‘ugcine ukholo’ yaye nokomeleza ukuzibophelela kwakho ngokuphandle kokusesikweni. Awuyiyo kuphela into anokuthi uJohn Dewey akhule abe yiyo ukuba wayemncinci, uyindlalifa yokwenyani kuML King kunye noFreire. Kulusizi (kodwa kuqikelelwa) ukuba ilizwi lakho elicacileyo elinomdla liye lacinezelwa 'kwisiqhelo'. Yintlekele enkulu yeli xesha lethu ukuba amazwi afana nelakho kunye namanye ambalwa abonakala ekhala entlango oko kufumaneka kubantu abaqhelekileyo. Kuyoyikeka kangangokuba asinakunqanda ukuba zeziphi izinto ezoyikekayo eziya kwenzeka ngokulandelayo.