Urhulumente waseFlorida uRon DeSantis unyukele kwipolitiki yase-US, nge uvoto olutsha ebonisa ukuba uDonald Trump ngoku uya kulahlekelwa yiDeSantis ukuba abavoti beRiphabhlikhi banikwe ukhetho namhlanje malunga nokuba ngubani oza kuvotela kwindawo yokuqala yomongameli ngo-2024. abafuduki kuye ukusetyenziswa kwamapolisa onyulo ukugrogrisa abavoti - zibangela ukuvela kwezopolitiko zobuFasi eUnited States.
Imiba kaninzi ijongwa kushicilelo oluqhelekileyo ngendlela ezimeleyo, isuswe kumxholo wembali kunye nenani lemiba enxulumeneyo. Umzekelo, uninzi lwemigaqo-nkqubo eyenziwe ngabawi-mithetho be-GOP, njengokuvalwa kweencwadi, kuhambelana nemigaqo-nkqubo eyayisetyenziswa kwiJamani yamaNazi nakwamanye amazwe angoozwilakhe ngeminyaka yee-1930s kunye nee-1970.
Ukuphatha imiba ngendlela engadityaniswanga neyodwa kwenza kube nzima ukuqonda ukuba ingena njani kwipateni ebanzi yolawulo kwaye iqinisane. Ngokomzekelo, ukuhlaselwa kwabantu be-LGBTQ, abantu bemibala kunye namaqela e-Indigenous abafane bahlalutywe njengenxalenye yezopolitiko zokulahla ukuba kwixesha elidlulileyo ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela ekunyukeni kolawulo lobunqolobi, iinkampu zoxinaniso kunye nokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi. Komnye umzekelo, idemoni kwabo bajongwa njengabangafanelanga ukuba ngabemi - kunye nokunyuka kwe-antisemitism, ubuhlanga, ubutshaba obuchasene nabaphambukeli, i-nativism kunye nemfazwe echasene nolutsha lwe-transgender - bahlala besuswa kwilifa le-fascism.
Ngelixa ezinye iipundits ziqhagamshele ipolitiki kaDeSantis kulawulo olusakhulayo, basasilela ukubiza uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwe-fascism e-US kunye nokuqonda ukuba kuthatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo kuluntu olwahlukeneyo kunye nolwakhiwo lwembali. Bayichitha nayiphi na intetho ye-fascism ngokucebisa ukuba iimpawu zayo ezizodwa zembali, ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwembubhiso kwiinkampu zoxinaniso, kufuneka ziphindwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kwabelwe igama elithi fascism ukuba libonise iziganeko. UbuFasi abuzange budibane ngokupheleleyo kwixesha elidlulileyo; yingcinga eyingozi enokuthi ingene ekuxolweni kodwa ingaze ithi shwaka.
I-Fascism yinto ephindaphindiweyo kwaye iguqulelwa ngokungapheliyo kwaye ihlala ithatha iimpawu zenkcubeko kunye nezopolitiko kuluntu oluvela kulo. Ukwala ukuvuma ukuba i-fascism inokuvela ngeendlela ezininzi, ihlala ilala phantsi eluntwini de kuvele amandla athile ayikhulule, yomeleza ukuzimisela kwabaninzi ukurhoxa ekuthuleni okanye ukungabuhoyi ubunzulu besoyikiso esisakhulayo sobuFasi. Ukuzivakalisa ngamazwi, ukufunda kwimbali kunye nokwenza unxibelelwano phakathi kweziganeko ezingafaniyo yonke into kwixesha le-fascism. Kelly Hayes, ethetha kwi "IiMemo zeMovement" podcast papashwa ngu Inyaniso, kulungile ukuthi:
Kufuneka siqonde kwakhona ukuba akukho kuthula kukuziphatha ebusweni be-fascism. Ukuthula kukuthobela kunye nentsebenziswano, nto leyo inceda ukuququzelela ubugwenxa. Kusenokuba nzima ukukuva oko. Kodwa bangaphi abantu abakhululekileyo kunye nabashiyekileyo abaye bathula kwimiba eguqukayo njengoko amaRiphabhlikhi enza ukupheliswa kwabantu abadlulayo kubomi boluntu yeyona nto iphambili kwezopolitiko zabo?
Iipolitiki zobuFasi zigcwele uluntu lwase-US. I-Ultranationalism, iminxeba yokucoceka ngokobuhlanga, ukunyanzeliswa kwabavoti, ukulwa nempi, kufuna izifungo zokunyaniseka ezivela kwi-faculty yemfundo ephakamileyo, ukuxilwa okuxhaphakileyo, ukuchasana kwengqondo, kunye nohlaselo olupheleleyo lwezibonelelo zentlalo kunye neempahla zoluntu zenza kucace ukuba idemokhrasi ikhona. ingxaki. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukubaluleka okukhulu kwezi ntlekele zitshisayo ziyaphoswa ngenxa yokuba ziphathwa ngokwahlukileyo enye kwenye.
Imizekelo yendawo yokuqhawula kunye ne-fascist conjuncture eyixhasayo ayinzima ukuyifumana. Iziganeko ezibini zamva nje ezibonakala ngathi azifani zibandakanya i-Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis idemoni yabafuduki, kunye nowayesakuba nguMongameli uDonald Trump ukubanjwa kuka-Kanye West (owabhengezwa esidlangalaleni ukuba uyamncoma uHitler kunye ne-antisemite) kunye no-Nick Fuentes (i-supremacist eyaziwayo emhlophe, i-antisemite kunye ne-Holocaust denier) kwindawo yakhe yokuphumla iMar-a-Lago ePalm Beach, eFlorida. Yomibini le miba yafumana ingqwalasela enkulu kodwa yalibaleka ngokulula kwaye yaqhawulwa omnye komnye. Zombini ezi ziganeko ubukhulu becala zaye zachithwa kumajelo eendaba enkululeko kunye nequmrhu elilawulwayo, ziphathwa njengemiba ekwanti, kwaye ngaloo ndlela zibonisa amandla ezopolitiko okuqhawulwa konxibelelwano. Koku kulandelayo, ndifuna ukugxila kwi-stunt ka-Ron DeSantis kunye nendlela eyahlalutywa ngayo ngakumbi njengesiganeko esingenalusini sokuvakalisa umboniso wakhe. ingcamango yokusabela malunga nokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe kunokuba njengomgaqo-nkqubo we-white supremacist kunye neengcambu ezinzulu kwixesha likaJim Crow.
Ngomhla we-13 kuSeptemba, ngo-2022, uRon DeSantis wathumela iinqwelomoya ezimbini zabafuduki baseVenezuela kwiSidiliya sikaMartha, kutyholwa ukuba wayefuna ukutsalela ingqalelo kwinto awayebanga ukuba yimigaqo-nkqubo yokusilela yolawulo lweBiden. Iinqwelomoya ezimbini ezishiye eTexas zizaliswe ngabantu abafuna indawo yokukhosela abaxelelwe ngabasebenzi bakwaDeSantis ukuba baza kubonelelwa ngemisebenzi kwaye โukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezisibhozo zoncedo lwemali kubabaleki abafanelekileyo eMassachusetts, ngokucacileyo bexelisa izibonelelo ezinikwa iimbacu ezifikayo. eUnited States ngenkqubo yelo lizwe yokuhlaliswa ngokutsha esemthethweni, ababengeyonxalenye yabemi baseVenezuela,โ Ngokutsho kwe ENew York Times. Banikwa nencwadana yomgunyathi enomxholo othi, โRefugee Migrant Benefits,โ nangona babengazifanelekeli ezo ngenelo.
Judd Legum iingxelo kwi Ulwazi oludumileyo:
Abafuduki abaliqela baxelele i-NPR baxelelwa ukuba indiza iya eBoston, hayi kwiSidiliya sikaMartha. Ngokutsho kwabafuduki, ibhinqa elizichaze njengoPerla lathi, ukuba baya eBoston, banokufumana "amaphepha okusebenza ngokukhawuleza." Isityholo sokuba aba bafuduki balahlekisiwe sibalulekile ngokusemthethweni. Oku kuya kuthetha ukuba iinqwelomoya zazingeyontliziyo nje engenantliziyo, kodwa zinokuba lulwaphulo-mthetho.
Uhlalutyo olumbalwa kakhulu olunike ingqwalasela enkulu kwindlela i-stunt kaDeSantis edityaniswe ngayo nembono yolongamo olumhlophe. Kwaye abazange banike ingqwalasela enkulu kwindlela i-stunt yayifana neyamandulo yocalucalulo apho amaBhunga aBemi abaMhlophe eMzantsi aye aqhankqalaza ngokuchasene neenzame zamatsha ntliziyo ekuqaleni ko-1960 ababesiya eMzantsi njengabakhweli beNkululeko ukuze badibanise inkqubo yeebhasi zamazwe ngamazwe. Ayiphelelanga nje into yokuba abacalucalulo kunye namahlokondiba axhobileyo ajongane nabakhweli benkululeko xa babetsalela kwizixeko ezisemaZantsi bephethe amalulwane kunye neziqhushumbisi zomlilo, baye โbagqithisa amaphecana baza babeka iintengiso ezifunayo kumaphephandaba aseMazantsi ukuze bafumane iintsapho zabaNtsundu ngesithembiso semisebenzi emantlaโ njengenxalenye. kwe isicwangciso esingenabuntu ukuthumela iibhasi ezithwele abantu abaMnyama phezulu eMntla.
Kuyafaneleka ukuphinda oko kuncinci kwaxelwa malunga nendlela eli bali lithetha ngayo i-segregationist yangaphambili yemigaqo-nkqubo yobuhlanga kunye nobundlobongela bukaJim Crow. Kwaye phantse akukho nto yathethwayo malunga nendlela ezopolitiko zikaDeSantis zokulahla eziyinxalenye yengcinga efanayo eye yagqithiswa kwixesha elidlulileyo kulawulo lobuFasi njengeJamani yamaNazi. UDeSantis akaphelelanga nje ekubeni akhe phezu kwelifa labantu abamhlophe baseMelika abanjengoGov. George Wallace owayesakuba, wathatha isifundo kwimbali yobuFasi ngokuzama ukukhwela ubungangamsha abamhlophe kunye nobuzwe ukuqhubela phambili umsebenzi wakhe wezopolitiko.
Ubhengezo lukaDeSantis lokusebenzisa abafuduki njengamaqela ezopolitiko luye lwanqunyulwa kumajelo eendaba aqhelekileyo kunye nenkululeko kwinzame zakhe zokucima imbali yexesha likaJim Crow njengenxalenye yeprojekthi yakhe enkulu yezopolitiko zokulahla. Umzekelo, kuncinci okwathethwayo ngokudibanisa lo mgaqo-nkqubo wocalucalulo kwimithetho kaDeSantis evala iincwadi ezingembali yabaNtsundu kunye neengxelo zobuhlanga ezivela ezikolweni nakwiilayibhrari, kunye nokunciphisa into enokufundiswa ngootitshala ngobuhlanga - umgaqo-nkqubo obonisa ngokucacileyo indlela uDeSantis alandela ngayo emanyathelweni kaDeSantis. ukumiselwa kwemfundo kwiJamani kaHitler.
Phantse akukho nto ikhankanyiweyo edibanisa ezi ziganeko kunye neDeSantis ibango lembali elingenalwazi ngendlela engakholelekiyo ukuba yayiyi "revolution yaseMelika eyabangela ukuba abantu babuze ngobukhoboka" kwaye "akukho mntu wayekhe wayibuza ngaphambi kokuba senze isigqibo njengamaMerika ukuba sinikwe umdali wethu ngamalungelo angenakohluthwa kwaye sonke sidalwe ngokulinganayo. Emva koko loo ntshukumo yokubhangisa. โ
Ubuxoki bukaDeSantis, imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nolwamkelo lohlaziyo lwembali alunakwahlulwa nokuba yimbali ye-fascist eyingozi okanye iinzame zangoku ze-GOP zokucima abafuduki kunye nabantu abaMnyama nabaBrown kwimbali ukuze baxhase i-ajenda yobuzwe abamhlophe. Umbhali uMeaghan Ellis, ethembele kumsebenzi wombhali-mbali weYunivesithi yaseBrown uSeth Rockman, ngokufanelekileyo. echaza ukuba ukufunda kukaDeSantis ngobukhoboka kuyingozi ngakumbi โkuyingozi kuba ibeka abantu abaNtsundu ngaphandle kodidi 'thina' kunye 'namaMerika' [ngelixa besenza ngathi] abantu baseAfrika nabaseAfrika abakhotyokisiweyo abafanelanga ukuba bathathelwe ingqalelo njengabantu abacinga ngokukhotyokiswa. ibalulekile, ngoko okanye ngoku.โ
UJames Baldwin wayechanโ ucwethe xa wayephikisa ngelithi โItyala Lomntu Omhlopheโ esithi le ngxelo imhlophe yembali yenza kucace ukuba abantu abamhlophe abafuni kulazi ixa elidluleyo localucalulo lobuhlanga kwimbali yaseMerika yaye ngenxa yoko โbavalelekile kwimbali yabo.โ
Ukungazi kwembali kaDeSantis kungaphezulu kokwala ikamva elingenabuhlanga, kunye nokumiselwa kwehlabathi elinobulungisa. Iyinxalenye yelifa elibanzi elendele nzulu kwixesha elidlulileyo lobuFascist lase-US. Yinxalenye yelifa apho uTrump kunye nabaxhasi bakhe bephiko lasekunene bengafuni ukuthetha inyani ngembali yase-US ngelixa besenza into yangoku kumfanekiso kaJim Crow odlulileyo. Umbhali-mbali uRobert S. McElvaine ubamba le GOP ukubuyela kwixesha elidlulileyo lobuhlanga. Yena ubhala:
Namhlanje abantu abanenzondelelo yempambano ekunene bafuna โukuBuyisa iMelikaโ ngeendlela ezimbini: umva kwabo bangengabo abamhlophe okanye abangamadoda kwaye babuyele kwixesha apho amadoda amhlophe athe ngqo ayephethe. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yephulo labo lokufezekisa โuBuyiseloโ besibini kulawulo lwabamhlophe linzame lokubuyisela ukungazi kwembali yaseMelika eyayikho ngaphambi ko-1964.
URon DeSantis uye wayenza yacaca kuzo zombini iinkcazo zakhe kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokuba ipolitiki yobuFasi iyaphila kwaye ilungile e-United States. Ukulandela emanyathelweni kaViktor Orbรกn, inkokeli enegunya elijike iHungary yaba lilizwe lobuFascist, uDeSantis uye walwa imfazwe kubaphambukeli, ulutsha ekujoliswe kulo kunye nolutsha oluguquguqukayo, abavoti abacociweyo, iincwadi ezivaliweyo kwizikolo zaseFlorida, balinganisela oko banokuthi ootitshala bathethe malunga nobuhlanga. kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zembali yaseMelika, kwaye wasebenzisa amandla karhulumente ukohlwaya amashishini, okubonakalayo kuhlaselo lwakhe olungenalusini kunye nokuphindezela kwiDisney. Ukwasebenzise ubupolisa ukohlwaya abavoti abaNtsundu abangavumelaniyo nemigaqo-nkqubo yakhe, abathand' izwe abangamaKristu, baxhasa i-ajenda yobuzwe abamhlophe kwaye balwa imfazwe kwimfundo ephakamileyo. Akukho mathandabuzo amancinci okuba iDeSantis iguqule iFlorida ibe yindawo yokusebenzela yezopolitiko. Abezopolitiko kunye nabaphengululi ngokufanayo, kuquka uRobert Reich (owayengunobhala we-treasury evela kulawulo lukaClinton) kunye nombhali-mbali uRuth Ben-Ghiat, babhale uDeSantis njenge-fascist, kwaye banyanisile.
UbuFasi buyachuma kuluntu olusilelayo ekulungiseni iindlela zabo zengcinezelo ezigqubayo, lutyeshela imiqobo ebanzi yokomfuziselo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye lumisela umda uhlalutyo lwemiba emxinwa, necacileyo. UbuFasi lulwimi lokucinywa nokucinezelwa. Isebenzisa amagama njengeholo yeqonga ukuze ibonise imiboniso enika abaphulaphuli imincili yogonyamelo oluqatha. I-Fascism iyaphumelela kulwimi lokunganyangeki, ixhaswe yipolitiki yokuqhawula unxibelelwano. Njengentetho yokucima, i-fascism ibandakanya ukungazi kunye nokungacingi. Iphelisa ezo ndawo zikhuselayo zenza ukuba abantu babuze imibuzo, bacinge, bahlalutye kwaye balawule amandla. Ifakwe kwipolitiki yokuqhawulwa konxibelelwano, iyala ukulungelelanisa umzabalazo kwiimfuno zangoku kunye nomnxeba wotshintsho olubanzi lwesakhiwo. UbuFasi ngendlela yabo ehlaziyiweyo lutshaba lwengqondo yembali kuba ayifuni ukuba imbali yabo ixelwe ngokoyikela ukuba abantu baya kuyiqaphela xa ibonakala ngeendlela ezintsha. I-fascism ayiyo kuphela intetho yoloyiko kunye nokufuduka, ikwayiprojekthi ehlasela ezo mbono kunye namaziko avumela abantu ukuba baqonde amandla emfundo, ulwimi kunye nethiyori ukutyhila indlela amandla kunye nokuchasana okunxibelelene ngayo kwaye kunokulukwa kwimihlaba. kwezopolitiko.
Kunokuba ugxininise kwizisombululo zomntu ngamnye, ekhohlo idinga ulwimi kunye nezopolitiko ezijongana nezizathu ezisisiseko ekunxibelelaneni kwazo ngelixa ziqaqambisa iziseko zesakhiwo, inkcubeko, imfundo kunye neziko lobuzwilakhe kuzo zonke iindlela. Ukuhlengahlengisa okwangoku ukuze kucelwe umngeni enzonzobileni ye-fascism kufuna ulwimi olutsha, ezopolitiko, igrama esesikweni, imvakalelo yearhente yezopolitiko, kunye nomzamo ohlaziyiweyo wokwenza imicimbi yolwazi kunye nemfundo ibe sembindini kwezopolitiko. Ukuqhekeka kwezopolitiko kuye kwaba luhlobo lokuhambelana ne-neoliberal fascism, kwaye kufuneka kucelwe umngeni ukuze kucingelwe uluntu olukhululekile kwisibetho sentiyo, ucalucalulo, ukungalingani, ubuhlanga kunye nobuntu. Ikhohlo lidinga ulwimi olomeleleyo, ezopolitiko ezinamandla kunye nentshukumo yentlalontle yamazwe ngamazwe ejongene nobukhulu bengozi eyenziwa yi-fascism kwixesha langoku lembali. Oku kufuneka kube lulwimi olwakha ngokutsha, olucinga ngokutsha, olukholelwa ukuba elinye ilizwe linokwenzeka kwaye linyanzelisa utshintsho olumandla.
Ngenxa yesoyikiso sobuFascist esalayo ukuhamba, ukungxamiseka kweli xesha kufuna ukuba kuphinde kuqale intshukumo yabantu abaninzi - "uthathele ingqalelo ngakumbi ukuhlangana kobuhlanga, isini, ukukhubazeka, kunye nentlekele yemozulu," amazwi kaRobin DG Kelley noDeborah Chasman - uzimisele ukwenza, ukuchasa kunye nokunika idemokhrasi igumbi lokuphefumla kwakhona.
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UMnu. Giroux ukwithagethi kwaye ungoyena ndoqo kwaye ubaluleke kakhulu ukuba siqonde ukuba sifuna ukwazi ukuba kwenzeke ntoni kwixesha elidlulileyo lase-US kwaye kwenzekani ngoku. Njengabantu, thina e-US sigcwele ulwazi (oluhlala lulahlekisa) kodwa sithwaxwa yintlupheko kulwazi lwethu kunye nolwazi lwesizwe. Lo, eneneni, ngumhlaba ochumileyo wazo zonke iintlobo zobuqhetseba, ukulahlekisa, nokungabi nalwazi kwehlabathi.