Phantse iinyanga ezintathu, u-Israyeli wonwabele ukungohlwaywa ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho olubi olunxamnye nabantu basePalestine. Oko kwatshintsha ngomhla wama-29 kuDisemba xa uMzantsi Afrika, uyinxalenye yombuso kwiNgqungquthela yokuGwathwa kwaBantu, yafaka isicelo esinamaphepha angama-84 in iNkundla yoBulungisa yaMazwe ngaMazwe (ICJ, okanye iNkundla yeHlabathi) ityhola ukuba i-Israel yenza ukubulawa kwabantu eGaza.
Isicelo soMzantsi Afrika esibhalwe kakuhle sityhola ngelithi “izenzo kunye nokungenziwanga kukaSirayeli … kukubulala uhlanga, njengoko bezibophelele ngenjongo ethile efunekayo … ukutshabalalisa amaPalestina eGaza njengenxalenye yeqela lesizwe lasePalestina, uhlanga nobuhlanga” kunye ukuba “ukuziphatha kukaSirayeli — ngamaqumrhu akhe kaRhulumente, abameli bakaRhulumente, nabanye abantu namaqumrhu asebenza ngokwemiyalelo yakhe okanye phantsi kolwalathiso lwakhe, ulawulo okanye impembelelo yakhe—ngokunxulumene nabemi basePalestina eGaza, kukwaphula izibophelelo zabo phantsi kweNgqungquthela yokuQothulwa Kwesizwe. .”
U-Israel uxhoma umshicileli wenkundla epheleleyo ukukhusela i-ICJ ukuba ifumanise ukuba ibulala uhlanga eGaza. NgoJanuwari 4, iSebe lezangaphandle lakwaSirayeli yayalela abathunywa bayo ukucinezela abezopolitiko kunye noonozakuzaku abakumazwe abawabambeleyo ukuba benze iintetho ezichasa ityala loMzantsi Afrika kwi-ICJ.
Kwisicelo salo, uMzantsi Afrika ubalule izityholo ezisibhozo ezixhasa umbango wokuba uSirayeli uphembelela ukubulawa kwabantu eGaza. Ziquka:
(1) Ukubulala amaPalestina eGaza, kubandakanywa inxalenye enkulu yabasetyhini kunye nabantwana (malunga nama-70 ekhulwini) ngaphezu kwe-21,110 yokufa kwaye abanye babonakala bephantsi kokubulawa kwesishwankathelo;
(2) Ukubangela ingozi enkulu yengqondo kunye nomzimba kubantu basePalestina eGaza, kuquka ukukhubazeka, ukwenzakala kwengqondo, kunye nokuphathwa kakubi kunye nokuthotywa;
(3) Ukubangela ukufuduka ngenkani kunye nokufuduka malunga neepesenti ze-85 zamaPalestina eGaza - kuquka abantwana, abantu abadala kunye nabagulayo, abagulayo kunye nabalimele. I-Israel iphinda ibangele ukutshatyalaliswa okukhulu kwezindlu zasePalestina, iidolophana, iidolophu, iinkampu zeembacu kunye neendawo zonke, ezivimbela ukubuyiswa kwenani elibalulekileyo labantu basePalestina emakhaya abo;
(4) Ukubangela indlala, indlala kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kumaPalestina angqingiweyo eGaza ngokuthintela uncedo olwaneleyo loluntu, ukunqanda ukutya okwaneleyo, amanzi, amafutha kunye nombane, kunye nokutshabalalisa iindawo zokubhaka, ii-mill, imihlaba yezolimo kunye nezinye iindlela zokuvelisa kunye nokutya;
(5) Ukungaphumeleli ukubonelela kunye nokukhawulelana nokubonelela ngempahla eyaneleyo, indawo yokuhlala, ucoceko kunye nococeko lwabantu basePalestina eGaza, kuquka ne-1.9 yezigidi zabantu abafuduka ngaphakathi. Oku kubanyanzele ukuba baphile kwiimeko ezinobungozi bobumdaka, ngokuhambelana nokujoliswa kwesiqhelo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweendawo zokuhlala kunye nokubulawa kunye nokwenzakala kwabantu abakwindawo yokuhlala, kubandakanywa abasetyhini, abantwana, abantu abadala kunye nabakhubazekileyo;
(6) Ukungaphumeleli ukubonelela okanye ukuqinisekisa ukubonelelwa ngononophelo lwezonyango kumaPalestina eGaza, kubandakanywa nezo mfuno zonyango ezidalwe zezinye izenzo zokubulala ezenza umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni. Oku kwenzeka ngokuhlaselwa ngokuthe ngqo kwizibhedlele zasePalestina, ii-ambulensi kunye nezinye izibonelelo zempilo, ukubulawa koogqirha basePalestina, oogqirha kunye nabahlengikazi (kubandakanywa namayeza afanelekileyo eGaza) kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kunye nokukhubaza inkqubo yezonyango yaseGaza;
(7) Ukutshabalalisa ubomi basePalestina eGaza, ngokutshabalalisa iziseko zayo, izikolo, iiyunivesithi, iinkundla, izakhiwo zikawonkewonke, iirekhodi zoluntu, amathala eencwadi, iivenkile, iicawa, iimosque, iindlela, izixhobo kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze kugcinwe ubomi basePalestina njengeqela. . USirayeli ubulala iintsapho zonke, ecima zonke iimbali ezithethwa ngomlomo kwaye ebulala amalungu abalaseleyo nabalaseleyo eluntwini;
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UMzantsi Afrika ucaphule intaphane yeengxelo zamagosa akwa-Israel ezibubungqina obuthe ngqo benjongo yokubulala uhlanga:
“IGaza ayizukubuyela kwinto ebiyiyo ngaphambili. Siza kususa yonke into, ”utshilo uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo kwa-Israel uYoav Gallant. “Ukuba ayithathi usuku olunye, izakuthatha iveki. Kuya kuthabatha iiveki okanye iinyanga, siza kufikelela kuzo zonke iindawo.”
U-Avi Dichter, uMphathiswa wezoLimo kwaSirayeli, wathi, "Ngoku ngokwenene sikhupha iGaza Nakba," ibhekiselele kwi-1948 yokuhlanjululwa kohlanga lwamaPalestina ukudala ilizwe lakwaSirayeli.
"Ngoku sonke sinenjongo enye - ukucima i-Gaza Strip ebusweni bomhlaba," u-Nissim Vaturi, iSekela likaSomlomo we-Knesset kunye neLungu leMicimbi yezaNgaphandle kunye neKomiti yoKhuseleko yavakalisa.
IQhinga likaSirayeli lokoyisa iTyala laseMzantsi Afrika e-ICJ
I-Israel kunye nomxhasi wayo oyintloko, e-United States, bayabuqonda ubungakanani besicelo se-ICJ yaseMzantsi Afrika, kwaye banomsindo. I-Israel ihlala ibetha impumlo yayo kumaziko ezizwe ngezizwe, kodwa ilithathela ingqalelo imeko yoMzantsi Afrika. Ngo-2021, xa iNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho yeZizwe ngezizwe yaqalisa uphando malunga nezityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe yakwaSirayeli eGaza, kwaSirayeli. yaliwe ngokuqinileyo ukuba semthethweni kophando.
"USirayeli akathabathi nxaxheba ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo ezinjalo," UProf Eliav Lieblich, ingcali yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kwiYunivesithi yaseTel Aviv, uxelele Haaretz. “Kodwa le ayisiyokhomishini yophando ye-UN okanye iNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho yaMazwe ngaMazwe eHague, enegunya elichaswa nguSirayeli. YiNkundla yoBulungisa yaMazwe ngaMazwe, efumana amandla ayo kwisivumelwano sikaSirayeli esihlangeneyo, ngoko ke ayikwazi ukuyigatya ngezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokungabi nagunya. Ikwangumbutho odumileyo kwihlabathi. ”
NgoJanuwari 4 intambo evela kuMphathiswa wezangaPhandle kwaSirayeli ithi "injongo yeqhinga" likaSirayeli kukuba i-ICJ iyasikhaba isicelo soMzantsi Afrika sokurhoxisa isenzo somkhosi wamaSirayeli eGaza, yala ukufumanisa ukuba uSirayeli ubulala uhlanga eGaza kwaye ulawula ukuba uSirayeli uthobela umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
"Isigwebo senkundla sinokuba neziphumo ezibalulekileyo ezinokuthi zingabikho kwihlabathi lezomthetho kuphela kodwa zibe nefuthe elibonakalayo lamazwe amabini, amazwe amaninzi, ezoqoqosho, kunye nokhuseleko," i-cable yatsho. "Sicela ingxelo kawonke-wonke ekhawulezileyo nengathandabuzekiyo ngale migca ilandelayo: Ukutsho esidlangalaleni nangokucacileyo ukuba ILIZWE LAKHO liyakhaba ezona zityholo zinomsindo [sic], ezingenasihlahla nezingenasiseko ezenziwe ngakuSirayeli."
Intambo iyalela abameli bakwa-Israeli ukuba babongoze oonozakuzaku kunye nabezopolitiko kumanqanaba aphezulu “ukuba bavume esidlangalaleni ukuba u-Israyeli usebenza [kunye nabadlali bamazwe ngamazwe] ukunyusa uncedo loluntu eGaza, kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo ebantwini, ngelixa bezikhusela. emva kohlaselo olumanyumnyezi luka-Oktobha 7 olwenziwe ngumbutho wabagrogrisi obulala uhlanga.”
“Ilizwe lakwaSirayeli lizakuvela phambi kwe-ICJ eHague ukuze ichithe inkuthazo yegazi yaseMzantsi Afrika,” Inkulumbuso uBenjamin Netanyahu isithethi u-Eylon Levy ubhengeze. Isicelo soMzantsi Afrika "asinamfaneleko ngokwasemthethweni kwaye sisenzo soxhaphazo kunye nokudelela inkundla," utshilo.
U-Israel ukhupha zonke izithintelo, kubandakanya nezityholo ezingeyonyani "zenyeliso yegazi," into echasene namaSemite etyhola amaYuda ngempazamo yedini labantwana abangamaKristu.
"Hayi indlela ebuhlungu ngayo ukuba isizwe somnyama esizingca ngokulwa ubuhlanga siya kulwela i-pro-bono kubantu abachasene nobuhlanga bamaYuda," uLevy wongezelela ngokumangalisayo. Wenza ibango elimangalisayo lokuba iphulo lomkhosi lakwaSirayeli lokutshabalalisa iHamas eGaza lenzelwe ukuthintela ukubulawa kwamaYuda.
Njengoko i-adage yakudala ihamba, xa ukhutshwa edolophini, yiya phambi kwesihlwele kwaye wenze ngathi ukhokela i-parade.
Ulawulo lweBiden lwaphakama ukuze lukhusele umhlobo walo othembekileyo u-Israyeli. Isithethi seBhunga loKhuseleko leSizwe laseMelika uJohn Kirby lambasted Isicelo se-ICJ saseMzantsi Afrika "njengento engenamsebenzi, engenamveliso kwaye ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kwesiseko kuyo yonke into." UKirby wathi, “U-Israyeli akazami kucima abantu basePalestine emephini. U-Israyeli akazami ukusula iGaza kwimephu. I-Israel izama ukuzikhusela kwisisongelo sabanqolobi,” ephinda amazwi abubuvuvu akwaSirayeli.
Ingxabano kaKirby yokuba uSirayeli uzama Thintela ukubulawa kwabantu ngokugqithisileyo akunangqondo, ngenxa yokuba i-Hamas yabulala i-1,200 yamaSirayeli ngo-Oktobha 7, imikhosi yase-Israel ibulele ubuncinane i-22,100 Gazans, malunga ne-9,100 kubo ngabantwana. Ubuncinci abantu abangama-57,000 benzakele kwaye ubuncinci abangama-7,000 kuthiwa balahlekile. Amanani angenakubalwa abantu avaleleke ngaphantsi kobugoxo.
Amanyathelo okwethutyana ngokuchasene noSirayeli anokuba nempembelelo ekhawulezileyo
UMzantsi Afrika ucela ukuba i-ICJ iyalele imilinganiselo yethutyana (isithintelo sethutyana) ukuze “ukhusele ekonakaleni okungaphaya, okumandundu nokungalungisekiyo kumalungelo abantu basePalestina phantsi kweNgqungquthela yokuBulawa kwaBantu.” UMzantsi Afrika ukwacela inkundla "ukuba iqinisekise ukuthobela kuka-Israyeli izibophelelo zayo phantsi kweNgqungquthela yokuBulala kohlanga, kunye nokuthintela kunye nokohlwaya ukubulawa kwabantu."
Amanyathelo okwethutyana uMzantsi Afrika uwafunayo aquka ukuyalela u-Israel ukuba “ayinqumamise ngoko nangoko imisebenzi yakhe yasemkhosini e-Gaza naseGaza” kwaye ayeke kwaye ayeke ukubulala nokwenzakalisa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwasengqondweni kubantu basePalestine, ebabeka phantsi kweemeko zobomi ezifuna ukubatshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo. okanye ngokuyinxenye, kunye nokumisela amanyathelo okuthintela ukuzalwa kwamaPalestina. UMzantsi Afrika ufuna i-ICJ iyalele ukuba uSirayeli ayeke ukugxotha nokugxotha abantu basePalestine ngenkani nokubahlutha ukutya, amanzi, amafutha kunye nezixhobo zonyango kunye noncedo.
Ingalo yomthetho yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, i-ICJ yenziwe ngeejaji ezili-15 ezinyulwe ithuba leminyaka elithoba yiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye neBhunga lezoKhuseleko. Asiyonkundla yolwaphulo-mthetho njengeNkundla yaMazwe ngaMazwe; kunoko icombulula iingxabano phakathi kwamazwe.
Ukuba iqela kwiNgqungquthela yokuGwathwa kwaBantu likholelwa ekubeni elinye iqela liye lasilela ukuthobela izibophelelo zalo, lisenokusa elo lizwe kwi-ICJ ukuze imisele uxanduva lwalo. Oku kwenziwa kwimeko ye Bosnia v. Serbia, apho iNkundla yafumanisa ukuba iSerbia iphule imisebenzi yayo yokuthintela kunye nokohlwaya ukubulawa kwabantu phantsi kweNgqungquthela.
Izibophelelo kwiNgqungquthela yeGenocide zezi erga omnes amalungu, oko kukuthi, izibophelelo ezityalwa ngurhulumente ngokubhekiselele kuwo onke amaqela ezizwe kwiSivumelwano. I-ICJ itshilo, “Kwindibano enjalo amazwe akwikontraka awanamdla wawo; banomdla nje omnye komnye, oko kukuthi, ukufezwa kwezo njongo ziphakamileyo ziyiraison d’être yeNdibano.”
ISiqendu 94 soMqulu weZizwe eziManyeneyo sithi onke amaqela kwimbambano kufuneka athobele izigqibo ze-ICJ kwaye ukuba iqela liyasilela ukwenza oko, elinye iqela lingaya kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN ukuze lisinyanzelise eso sigqibo.
Icala eliqhelekileyo le-ICJ ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni linokuhlala iminyaka emininzi (kwakuphantse kube yiminyaka eyi-15 ukususela kwixesha apho iBosnia yaqala ukufaka ityala layo ngokumelene neSerbia ngo-1993 ukuya ekukhutshweni kwesigwebo sokugqibela malunga nokufaneleka kwi-2007). Nangona kunjalo, ityala linokuba nempembelelo ekhawulezileyo. Ukufakwa kwetyala kwi-ICJ kuthumela umyalezo oqinileyo ku-Israyeli ukuba uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe aluyi kunyamezela izenzo zalo kwaye lufuna ukuyiphendula.
Amanyathelo okwethutyana anokukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza. Ngokomzekelo, i-ICJ yalela amanyathelo kwiintsuku ze-19 emva kokuba ityala laseBosnia liqaliswe. Amanyathelo okwethutyana aya kubophelela iqela ekuyalelwe ngalo, kwaye ukuthotyelwa kwawo kunokubekwa esweni yi-ICJ kunye neBhunga lezoKhuseleko.
Izigwebo malunga nokufaneleka okunikezelwe yi-ICJ kwiingxabano phakathi kwamaqela zibophelela amaqela abandakanyekayo. ISiqendu 94 soMnqophiso weZizwe Ezimanyeneyo sithi “Lungu ngalinye leZizwe Ezimanyeneyo lizibophelele ekuthobeleni isigqibo [seNkundla] kuyo nayiphi na imeko elibandakanyekayo kuyo.” Izigwebo zenkundla zezokugqibela; akukho sibheno.
Iindibano zovakaliso-zimvo ngesicelo soMzantsi Afrika samanyathelo okwethutyana kuya kwenzeka ngomhla we-11 nowe-12 kweyoMqungu e-ICJ ekwiBhotwe loxolo eHague, eNetherlands. Iingxoxo ziya kusasazwa ngqo ukusuka ngo-4:00 ukuya ku-6:00 kusasa eMpuma/1:00-3:00 a.m. ePasifiki Iwebhusayithi yenkundla kwaye kuqhubeke Umabonwakude wewebhu we-UN. Inkundla inokuyalela amanyathelo ethutyana kwisithuba seveki emva kokuxoxwa kwetyala.
Amanye aMazwe aManye aMacala kwiNgqungquthela yokuGwathwa kwaMazwe angaManyano kwiTyala laseMzantsi Afrika
Amanye amazwe abandakanyekayo kwiNgqungquthela yeGenocide angacela imvume yokungenelela kwityala elifakwe nguMzantsi Afrika okanye afake ezawo izicelo ezichasene noSirayeli kwi-ICJ. Isicelo soMzantsi Afrika sichonga amazwe aliqela athe abhekisa kwimbubhiso yakwaSirayeli eGaza. Ziquka iAlgeria, iBolivia, iBrazil, iKholombiya, iCuba, i-Iran, iPalestine, iTürkiye, iVenezuela, iBangladesh, iYiputa, iHonduras, i-Iraq, iJordan, iLibya, iMalaysia, iNamibia, iPakistan neSiriya.
NgoJanuwari 5, Inethiwekhi yeendaba zeQuds tweeted, “Umphathiswa wesebe lezangaphandle eJordan, uAyman Safadi, ubhengeza ukuba ilizwe lakhe liyalixhasa ityala lokubulawa kwabantu eMzantsi Afrika kwi-ICJ. Wongeze ukuba urhulumente waseJordanian usebenza kwifayile yomthetho ukulandela eli tyala. ITurkey, iMalaysia, kunye noMbutho weNtsebenziswano yamaSilamsi (OIC) babhengeze ukuba bayalixhasa eli tyala.
Isandula ukwenziwa Umanyano lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lokuNqanda ukubulawa kwabantu ePalestine, evunywe ngamaqela angaphezu kwama-600 ehlabathini lonke, iye yahlanganisana ukuze ibongoze amaqela amanyeneyo ukuba asebenzise iNgqungquthela Yembubhiso.
Lo mfelandawonye uthi, “Izibhengezo zongenelelo ezixhasa uMzantsi Afrika ukuba kubizwe iNgqungquthela yeGenocide echasene noSirayeli ziya kwandisa amathuba okuba kufunyaniswe okuncomekayo kolwaphulo-mthetho lokubulawa kwabantu kunyanzeliswe yiZizwe eziManyeneyo kangangokuba kuya kuthatyathwa amanyathelo okuphelisa zonke izenzo. yembubhiso kunye nabo babekek’ ityala ngezenzo baya kuphenduliswa.”
Kwiveki yokuqala kaJanuwari, abathunywa “oonozakuzaku abaphantsi,” ikhokelwa nguCODEPINK, iWorld Beyond War kunye neRootsAction, iphumeze iphulo kulo lonke elase-United States ibongoza amazwe ukuba angenise iDeclarations of Intervention kwityala laseMzantsi Afrika elichasene noSirayeli kwi-ICJ. Abaphembeleli baye kwizixeko ezili-12, betyelela ama-UN, ama-ambassade kunye nama-consulates avela eColombia, ePakistan, eBolivia, eBangladesh, eManyano yaseAfrika, eGhana, eChile, e-Ethiopia, eTurkey, eBelize, eBrazil, eDenmark, eFransi, eHonduras, e-Ireland, eSpain, eGrisi, EMexico, eItali, eHaiti, eBelgium, eKuwait, eMalaysia naseSlovakia.
"Le yimeko enqabileyo apho uxinzelelo oluhlangeneyo loluntu lubongoza oorhulumente ukuba baxhase ityala loMzantsi Afrika kunokuba lutshintsho olubukhali kwiPalestine," watsho uLamis Deek, igqwetha lasePalestina elizinze eNew York, eli firm yalo yabiza iNdibano yasePalestine yeKomishoni yeNkululeko kuBulungisa beMfazwe, ukuBuyiselwa kunye nokuBuyisa. "Sifuna amazwe amaninzi ukuba afake izicelo zokungenelela-kwaye sifuna inkundla izive iliso labantu abaninzi ukuze imelane noxinzelelo lwezopolitiko e-US kwiNkundla."
USuzanne Adely, umongameli weNational Lawyers Guild, phawula, "Ukwanda kwehlabathi jikelele kwaSirayeli kunye ne-US kunye namahlakani abo aseYurophu luphawu lokuba lo ngumzuzu obalulekileyo weentshukumo ezidumileyo zokuhambisa oorhulumente babo kwicala lokuthatha la manyathelo kunye nokuba kwicala elifanelekileyo lembali." Ngenene, ukusukela nge-7 ka-Okthobha, izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela baye baqhankqalaza kwaye babonakalisa ukuxhasa inkululeko yasePalestina.
I-RootsAction kunye neHlabathi eliNgaphaya kweMfazwe lidale i template imibutho nabantu abanokuthi basebenzise ukukhuthaza amanye amazwe abandakanyekayo kwiNgqungquthela yokuGwathwa kohlanga ukuba afake isiBhengezo sokuNgenelela kwityala lokubulawa kohlanga eMzantsi Afrika nxamnye noSirayeli kwi-ICJ.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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