U-Aretha Franklin, uKumkanikazi woMphefumlo, usweleke ngoLwesine kwikhaya lakhe eDetroit eneminyaka eyi-76. Kwiminyaka emininzi, u-Aretha Franklin uye wabhiyozelwa njengomnye weemvumi ezinkulu zaseMelika kulo naluphi na uhlobo, owanceda ekuzaleni umphefumlo kwaye wachaza ngokutsha i-American. isithethe somculo. Ngo-1987, u-Aretha Franklin waba ngumfazi wokuqala ukuba afakwe kwi-Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Ubambe irekhodi yeengoma ezininzi kwiBillboard Top 100 iminyaka engama-40. URolling Stone wambeka njengeyona mvumi ibalaseleyo yakha yakho kuluhlu lwayo oluphezulu lwe-100, imbiza ngokuba โsisipho esivela kuThixo.โ Ingoma yakhe ethi "Intlonipho" yaba yinxalenye yengoma yentshukumo yamalungelo oluntu, awayixhasayo emva kwemidlalo. Sithetha nonjingalwazi uMark Anthony Neal weDyunivesithi yaseDuke kunye noFarah Jasmine Griffin weYunivesithi yaseColumbia.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Kuthululwa imbeko kwilizwe liphela nakwihlabathi jikelele ku-Aretha Franklin, uKumkanikazi woMphefumlo. Wafa ngoLwesine kwikhaya lakhe e-Detroit eneminyaka eyi-76. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, u-Aretha Franklin uye wabhiyozelwa njengomnye weemvumi ezinkulu zaseMelika zalo naluphi na uhlobo, owanceda ekuzaleni umphefumlo kwaye wachaza ngokutsha isithethe somculo saseMelika. Ngo-1987, u-Aretha Franklin waba ngumfazi wokuqala ukuba afakwe kwi-Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Ubambe irekhodi yeengoma ezininzi kwiBillboard Top 100 iminyaka engama-40. Stone Rolling yambeka njengeyona mvumi ibalaseleyo yakha yaziincutshe kuluhlu lwayo lwe-100, imbiza ngokuba โsisipho esivela kuThixo.โ
U-Aretha Franklin wazalwa ngo-Matshi 25th, 1942. Wayengumntwana we-prodigy, kwaye uneminyaka eyi-4 ubudala wayesele ethathwa njengomculo womculo. Utata wakhe, uMfundisi C.L. UFranklin, wayengumshumayeli kwiNew Bethel Baptist Church eDetroit, apho uAretha, esengumntwana, waba ngumdlali weqonga ocula yedwa, emi esitulweni njengoko wayecula ebandleni. Kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala yamashumi amabini, u-Aretha wayevela kumabonakude wesizwe, kuquka Umboniso kaSteve Allen, apho wenza ingoma ethi โWonโt Be Longโ ngowe-1964.
ARETHA Imvelaphi yegama lokuqala Frank: [ecula] Baby, ndim lo
Ngakwimizila kaloliwe
Ndilinde usana lwam
Uya kubuya
Buyela kum
Kwi 503
Kwaye akuyi kuba lixesha elide
Ayizukuthatha ixesha elide
Ndiye ndanesithukuthezi
Oko indoda ihambile
Akukho nto ifanele ukukhankanywa
Iqhubekile
Yiyo loo nto ndiyazi
Xa kukhala impempe
Ayizukuthatha ixesha elide
Oko akuyi kuba kudala
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ngo-1967, u-Aretha Franklin watyikitya kunye neeRekhodi zeAtlantiki kwaye waqala ukukhulula uluhlu lweengoma eziphawulekayo eziguqule umculo odumileyo. Iqweqwe lakhe le-1967 lika-Otis Redding elithi "Intlonipho" yaba yingoma yehlabathi.
ARETHA Imvelaphi yegama lokuqala Frank: [ecula] Ingaba uguna ntoni
Baby, ndiyifumene
Ingaba ufuna ntoni
Ngaba uyazi ukuba ndiyifumene
Yonke into endiyibuzayo
Kungenxa yentlonipho encinci
Xa ufika ekhaya (kancinci nje)
Hey baby (kancinci nje)
Xa ufika ekhaya (kancinci nje)
Mnumzana (kancinci nje)
Andizukwenza mpazamo
Ngelixa uhambile
Awuzukwenza wrong
Kuba andifuni
Yonke into endiyibuzayo
Kungenxa yentlonipho encinci
Xa ufika ekhaya (kancinci nje)
Baby (kancinci nje)
Xa ufika ekhaya (kancinci nje)
Ewe (kancinci nje)
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: U-Aretha urekhode "Intlonipho" ngoSuku lweValentine ngo-1967. Kungekudala yaba ngumsindo wentshukumo yamalungelo oluntu. Emva konyaka, wayecula kumngcwabo ka Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. emva kokubulawa kwakhe ngo 1968. Umfundisi uJesse Jackson uthe u-Aretha ngokungaziwa wanceda ngemali intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu amashumi eminyaka. Wathi, ecaphula, โXa uGqr. King wayesaphila, izihlandlo ezininzi wayesinceda ukuba sihlawule. โฆ U-Aretha ebesoloko eligcisa elixhalabileyo ngokwentlalo, elikhuthazayo, hayi nje ukonwabisa.โ
Ngo-1970, uAretha Franklin wanikezela ngebheyile ka-Angela Davis, owayesentolongweni ngezityholo zobuxoki. Watsho Jet elithi, โUAngela Davis umele akhululeke. Abantu abantsundu baya kukhululeka. Ndiza kumbona ekhululekile ukuba kukho nabuphi na ubulungisa kwiinkundla zethu, hayi kuba ndikholelwa kubukomanisi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba engumfazi oNtsundu kwaye efuna inkululeko yabantu abaNtsundu,โ watsho uAretha. Kamva kumboniso, siza kuthetha nonjingalwazi u-Angela Davis ngokwakhe malunga nokuba inkxaso ka-Aretha Franklin yayithetha ntoni kuye.
U-Aretha wayeya kuqhubeka nokucula kumsitho wokumiselwa koomongameli abathathu: uJimmy Carter, uBill Clinton noBarack Obama. Kwisiteyitimenti, uBarack noMichelle Obama bathi, "Ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu ...
Namhlanje sichitha iyure sijonge kubomi obungaqhelekanga kunye nelifa lika-Aretha Franklin. Emva kwekhefu, siza kuqala ngeendwendwe ezimbini: apha eNew York, uFarah Jasmine Griffin weYunivesithi yaseColumbia, nakwiDyunivesithi yaseDuke eNorth Carolina, siya kudiyinwa nguMark Anthony Neal. Kwaye ke ukusuka kwiSidiliya sikaMarta, u-Angela Davis ngokwakhe uya kusijoyina ukuthetha malunga nokuba uAretha Franklin wayethetha ntoni kuye. Hlala nathi.
[ikhefu]
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: "Cinga" ngu-Aretha Franklin, apha Intando yeninzi Ngoku!, democracynow.org, Ingxelo Yemfazwe Nezoxolo. NdinguAmy Goodman. Njengoko sikhumbula uAretha Franklin, uKumkanikazi woMphefumlo, sidityaniswe ziindwendwe ezimbini apha.
ENew York, uFarah Jasmine Griffin usijoyina, unjingalwazi wesiNgesi kunye noncwadi oluthelekisayo kunye nezifundo zase-Afrika-Amerika kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia. Ungumbhali wenani leencwadi, kuquka Ukuba Awunakukhululeka, yiba yiMfihlakalo: Ukukhangela iHolide yeBillie kwaye IHarlem Nocturne: AmaGcisa abasetyhini kunye nePolitiko ePhambili eNew York Ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. Eyakhe yamva nje inqaku kuba Wesizwe, โU-Aretha FranklinโIngcaphephe yoMculo, uMthethi weNyaniso, uMlweli weNkululeko.โ
Kwaye eDurham, eNorth Carolina, sidityaniswe nguMark Anthony Neal, usihlalo weSebe le-Afrika kunye ne-African American Studies, apho ukwangumlawuli osungulayo weZiko loBugcisa, iNkcubeko yeDijithali kunye noShishino. Umsasazi wosasazo lweweb ngeveki ufowunele Ekhohlo kuMnyama, ubhlog e newblackman.blogspot.com. Ungumbhali weencwadi ezininzi, kuquka Oko Kuthethwa nguMculo: Umculo oMnyama odumileyo kunye neNkcubeko yoLuntu lwaseMnyama kwaye Iingoma kwiZitshixo zoBomi abaMnyama: Isingqisho kunye neSizwe seBlues.
Siza kuqala apho noMark Anthony Neal. Impendulo yakho xa usiva uAretha Franklin uswelekile?
UMAKI Anthony kwezinye iilwimi I-NEAL: Ewe, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo kum, ndandibuhlungu. Yaba sisiphelo sexesha, ngeendlela ezininzi. Mna buqu, uAretha Franklin wachaza ngokwenyani ubuntwana bam, wachaza ubomi bam. Andazi ilizwe ngaphandle kuka-Aretha Franklin. Ndaziswa kuye ndisemncinci kakhulu ngumama, owayengu-Aretha Franklin "Stan," ngenxa yokungabi nandlela engcono yokuyichaza; ndibe nethamsanqa lokuqala ukumbona uAretha ngqo kwiqonga le-Apollo xa ndandineminyaka emi-5 ubudala, xa wayesenza eso sigqibo sibalaseleyo seveki enye ngo-1.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Kwaye, uyazi, ndathi u-Aretha Franklin ufile, kwaye mhlawumbi emzimbeni ufile, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo lo mculo, italente yakhe, yena-esi sigebenga siya kuqhubeka siphila. UFarah Jasmine Griffin, uqale ukuva ukuba uAretha ukwindawo yogcino lwabagulela ukufa.
Intetho yegama lokuqala Farah JASMINE ukuhambelana namazwi I-GRIFFIN: Ewe, ndeva ngomhlobo endimthandayo ukuba ukwihospice. Bekungekabhengezwa. Kwaye ke, kwisithuba esingaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-24, iindaba zazigcwele kwimidiya yoluntu. Ngoko, ewe.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ngoko ke, thetha ngento athethe ngayo kuwe.
Intetho yegama lokuqala Farah JASMINE ukuhambelana namazwi I-GRIFFIN: Oh ukulunga kwam. NjengoMark, andikhumbuli naxa ndingazange ndive ilizwi lika-Aretha. Ndicinga ukuba mhlawumbi ndiyivile esibelekweni. Umama nomakazi babemthanda kakhulu kwaye bemthathekile. Uthethe owona mculo ubalaseleyo waseMelika kunye nenkcubeko yaseMelika. Kwaye besisoloko sisazi ngokuzibophelela kunye nenkxaso yakhe kwimizabalazo yezopolitiko yabantu abamnyama baseMelika.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Kutheni ungathethi ngaloo nto? Ngokuba kwisihloko sakho Qhekeza kuba Wesizwe, enye yezo ngcaciso ithi โumlweli wenkululeko.โ
Intetho yegama lokuqala Farah JASMINE ukuhambelana namazwi I-GRIFFIN: Ngokuqinisekileyo. Ndithetha ukuthi, ndicinga ukuba abantu bahlala bethetha ngo-Aretha oza ecaweni, njengoko uninzi lweemvumi zethu zisenza, kwaye icawe yindawo apho wafumana khona ilizwi lakhe nalapho wafunda khona umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa. Kodwa ikwayindawo apho wayengene nzulu kuhlobo lwenkcubeko yezopolitiko. Uyise ukwisithethe sabashumayeli abakhulu abaprofetayo abamnyama. Yena ngokwakhe wayelitshantliziyo. Icawa yakhe yayi-
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Umfundisi uFranklin, eDetroit.
Intetho yegama lokuqala Farah JASMINE ukuhambelana namazwi I-GRIFFIN: Umfundisi uC.L. UFranklin, ekunene, isithethi esinesiphiwo, kodwa ekwalitshantliziyo kunye nomhlobo kaMartin Luther King, umzekelo. Kwaye ke, ecaleni koqeqesho lwakhe lomculo, ndiyacinga, bekuya kuba lolo hlobo lwenkcubeko yezopolitiko, ngokunjalo. Waza ke wazihambela, esoloko emxhasa uGqr King, exhasa uGqr.-uyazi, uMfundisi uJesse Jackson. Kodwa ndicinga ngakumbi ngale ngxelo kawonke-wonke exhasa u-Angela Davis, wayenyanisile uhlobo lwakhe lwenkalipho yezopolitiko kunye nokukholelwa.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ndifuna ukujika kudliwano-ndlebe no-Aretha Franklin ngo-2015 kunye noDon Lemon we-CNN.
don ILAMUNI: Xa ujonga okwenzeka eFerguson, kwenzeka ntoni ngamapolisa okanye nantoni na, ucinga ukuba si-iingoma zakho zazingumhobe wamalungelo oluntu, kwintshukumo yamalungelo oluntu? Kwadlalwa iingoma ezininzi.
ARETHA Imvelaphi yegama lokuqala Frank: Ewe, "intlonipho" yayi-
don ILAMUNI: Ewe.
ARETHA Imvelaphi yegama lokuqala Frank: -Imantra yentshukumo yamalungelo oluntu. Ibiyi.
don ILAMUNI: Ngaba uvakalelwa kukuba siqhubela phambili okanye sikhawuleza ngokwaneleyo?
ARETHA Imvelaphi yegama lokuqala Frank: Ndicinga ukuba sihambe umgama omde kakhulu. Siye sahamba phambili kwiinkalo ezininzi-ewe, ukuzonwabisa, imidlalo kunye nokunye. Kodwa kusekude ukuba sihambe.
don ILAMUNI: Bendinayo ekuqaleni kweveki-
ARETHA Imvelaphi yegama lokuqala Frank: Kodwa senze inkqubela enkulu.
don ILAMUNI: Ucinga njalo.
ARETHA Imvelaphi yegama lokuqala Frank: Ewe ndiyavuma.
don ILAMUNI: Kuba ubulapho. Uyibonile. Ubuphambili.
ARETHA Imvelaphi yegama lokuqala Frank: Hayi, ndandingekho kumgca ongaphambili.
don ILAMUNI: Awucingi-
ARETHA Imvelaphi yegama lokuqala Frank: Kodwa ndandikunye noGqr. King, ukusuka kwinkonzo yecawa ukuya kwinkonzo yecawa. Ndaphuma kwi-mini tour kunye naye xa wayeqala.
don ILAMUNI: Lowo ngumgca.
ARETHA Imvelaphi yegama lokuqala Frank: Ewe.
don ILAMUNI: Wena wawu-ngumgca lowo.
ARETHA Imvelaphi yegama lokuqala Frank: Ewe, ndandisemva kukaGqirha King, kwaye ndandiyintombazana encinane kakhulu.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: YayinguAretha Franklin lowo wayethetha noDon Lemon CNN. Njengoko wawumamele oko wayekuthetha, uMark Anthony Neal, unganaba kwitshantliziyo lakhe lamalungelo oluntu? Waphinda, egxininisa esithi โNdandisemva kwesiganeko, ndandingekho kuluhlu oluphambili.โ
UMAKI Anthony kwezinye iilwimi I-NEAL: Uyazi, wayenomceli mngeni wokuba ligcisa elintsundu elalikwinqanaba eliphezulu, elalinqwenela uhlobo oluthile lwempumelelo eqhelekileyo, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba alumke kakhulu kwaye abe buthathaka ngeendlela ababandakanyeka ngazo kwintshukumo yamalungelo oluntu, ethi amacandelo amaninzi oluntu lwaseMelika lwalusaphikisana kakhulu. Yaye njengoninzi loontanga bakhe belo xesha, enye yeendlela ababenikela ngazo inkxaso yayikukukwazi ukunikela inkxaso yemali ngasemva, ukuze ngokucacileyo bakwazi ukunikela inkxaso yokomoya. Inyaniso yokuba wayezimisele ukuhamba noDkt King yayibalulekile-ibalulekile kwaye inyanzelekile ngaloo mzuzu.
Kwaye nangona umculo ka-Aretha Franklin wawungekho ngokwezopolitiko, kwakhona, xa umamele "Intlonipho" kunye nendlela ayeka ngayo ukuchaza "intlonipho," yavakala ngeendlela ezininzi ezimangalisayo kubantu abamnyama, abave into engaphezulu nje. umfazi ecula ngendoda emenze into embi. Asifumani nyani ingxelo yezopolitiko kumculo wakhe ade enze loo nto imangalisayo Omncinci, onesiphiwo kunye noMnyama Icwecwe ngo-1972, apho agubungela uNina Simone. Kwaye ngeendlela ezininzi, iba ngumhobe wakhe ukuvuma iindlela awayeqhagamshelwe ngazo kule ntshukumo ngendlela ethe chatha. Siqala ukumbona enxibe isinxibo esifana nesi-Afrika. Yayinguye ngeli xesha, ekuncotsheni komsebenzi wakhe, encotsheni yamandla akhe, kwincopho yokukhula kwakhe, kwaye wayenokugqama kwelo candelo kwaye avume ukuba wayelibutho lezopolitiko naye.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Uthetha ngo-1972. Ngaba unokusixelela ngobudlelwane bakhe no-Esther Phillips, kwaye kwenzeka ntoni kwiiGrammys ngaloo nyaka?
UMAKI Anthony kwezinye iilwimi I-NEAL: Uyazi, siva izinto ezininzi malunga ne-diva awayeyiyo uAretha Franklin, kwaye yayiyinyani, njengoko kwakunjalo kuye nabani na owayenetalente engenakuthelekiswa nanto. Kodwa uza kuchongwa ngo-1972, kwaye ukudidi noEsther Phillips kwicwecwe elibizwa ngokuba. Ukusuka kuWhisper ukuya kuKhwaza, iqhekeza eliqaqambileyo. Kwaye uEsther Phillips wayehambe indlela ende. Ndithetha ukuthi, wayedlule kwiSekethe yaseChitlin '. Ngeendlela ezininzi, ungomnye wamagcisa aye adale indawo yokuba uAretha azalise. Kwaye xa u-Aretha ephumelela iMbasa yeGrammy ngale nto, uyazi, uAretha wenza esi senzo simangalisayo ngokunikezela ngeMbasa yakhe yeGrammy ku-Esther Phillips ukwazisa bobabini ukuba wayengubani ebaleni kunye nelifa lakhe, kodwa kwanempembelelo abenayo kuye njengomdlali. igcisa.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Bendifuna ukukubuza "ngoMfazi weNdalo" kunye nobudlelwane bakhe noCarole King.
UMAKI Anthony kwezinye iilwimi I-NEAL: Uyazi, yingoma emangalisayo. UCarole King wayeyinxalenye yesizukulwana sabasetyhini ababecula kwaye bebhala umculo wabo, kwaye bengafumani tyala ngokuba ziimvumi-ababhali beengoma kunye nabavelisi ababekho. Sibona imeko efanayo negcisa elinjengoLaura Nyro welo xesha, kunye no-Aretha Franklin, owayedla ngokuba ngulowo emva kwekhibhodi yomculo wakhe. Babesenza lo mculo mkhulu, kodwa babengafumani tyala njengabavelisi. Xa u-Aretha erekhoda "uMfazi weNdalo" kaCarole King, yayiluhlobo oluthile lokuhlangana kwezi ngqondo zimbini, umbhali wengoma kunye nomculi. Iba yenye yeengoma ezibaluleke kakhulu zika-Aretha Franklin.
Kum, ukusebenzisa kwakhe ingoma kwicwecwe lakhe eliphilayo Inkceba emangalisayo, apho enza inguqulelo edityanisiweyo ethi โ(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Womanโ kwakunyeโokanye, โUnomhlobo,โ eyayikwayingoma eyabhalwa nguCarole King, noThomas Dorsey ethi โ Nkosi exabisekileyo,โ apho okwangoku uCarole King ephakanyiselwe njengeyona mvumi-ingoma yaseMelika ebalaseleyo, emva kokukhululwa kwengoma. yimbumba. Kwaye uthatha uThomas Dorsey's-abaninzi baseMelika abangaziyo ngeli xesha-kwaye ngokwenene ubabeka kwinqwelomoya enye, esenza ibango elibalulekileyo lezopolitiko kunye nebango lenkcubeko malunga nokubaluleka komntu ofana noThomas Dorsey ngexesha elifanayo. uyamvuma lo mfazi ubalaseleyo imvumi-umbhali wengoma kuCarole King.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ucebise ukuba uAretha Franklin wayengomnye wabaculi abambalwa abamnyama ngelo xesha ababeqonda ukubaluleka kokulawula ibali. Cacisa ukuba uthetha ukuthini.
UMAKI Anthony kwezinye iilwimi I-NEAL: Uyazi, uAretha watshiswa ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe. Ukwikhava ye ixesha iphephancwadi ngoJuni ka-1968, kwaye ngokwenene ibali malunga nefuthe lomculo womphefumlo ngeli xesha, kodwa nabo benza uhlobo lweprofayili yakhe. Kwaye kukho izinto eziye zavela ebalini angazange akhululeke kakhulu kuzo. Kwaye ke waqala ukulawula ibali ngendlela, uyazi, sicinga ukuba ubucala kakhulu-kwaye maninzi amagcisa akwenzayo oko-kodwa nangokulawula ibali ngexesha apho wayekhona, wena. yazi, ngokude, oyena mfazi waziwayo omnyama ehlabathini. Ngoko ke kwakukho iindima ezibalulekileyo ekubeni akwazi ukulawula ibali lakhe ngendlela awenza ngayo.
Xa uDavid Ritz ebhala imemori yakhe, ebhala kunye naye imemori yakhe ngo-1999, ngokuqinisekileyo banokuwa okudumileyo, kuba, uyazi, kukho iindawo zebali uDavid Ritz angathanda ukwabelana ngazo, kwaye u-Aretha Franklin akafuni ukuya apho ngelo xesha. Siyayazi indlela yokuba, umzekelo, kukho ifilimu emangalisayo Inkceba emangalisayo Ikhonsathi, eyadutshulwa ngongasekhoyo uSydney Pollack, ukuba uAretha akazange avumele ukuba akhululwe. Abanye abantu banokucinga ngaloo nto njengobubele bakhe be-diva, kodwa yayimalunga nokuqinisekisa ukuba uyayilawula indlela esinokutolika ngayo ilifa lakhe. Kwaye uyayibona loo nto kude kube sekufeni kwakhe, indlela awasithwala ngayo isigulo sakhe kule minyaka isibhozo idlulileyo, apho abantu babekrokrela izinto kodwa bengazi ngenene, kwaye sayibona loo nto de kwasekupheleni, apho wayeyilawula khona le ngxelo. ngendlela awayeza kufa ngayo nendlela awayeza kukhunjulwa ngayo.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Farah Jasmine Griffin, ukuba unokwandisa kule nto? Ubhala kwisiqwenga sakho, "Le yinto esiyiva kwilizwi lika-Aretha. Inyaniso. Lilizwi eliqulathe okomoya kunye nabakhwazayo, iblues moan, intsholo yevangeli, kunye nokuphuculwa kwejazz. Ayinazintloni kwaye ayizoyiki. Isekelwe kwimvelo kwaye idlulele ngokomoya kwaye ayinakuphikisana ngokupheleleyo. "
Intetho yegama lokuqala Farah JASMINE ukuhambelana namazwi I-GRIFFIN: Ewe. Ndicinga ukuba uAretha ngomnye wabo baculi. Baza rhoqo emva kwexesha elithile, kwaye ubugcisa babo buquka izithethe kunye nembali. Kwaye unokuziva zonke ezo ntlobo zomculo zimnyama zithwele, mhlawumbi ngemvelaphi yazo eNtshona Afrika, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo zikhuliswe eUnited States. Unokubava bonke kwilizwi lika-Aretha. Kwaye ke, ukuba luhlobo lwegcisa elikwisinye, libonelela ngento entsha. Uyazi, kukho imbali, kodwa kukho into entsha, uhlobo lwesandi esichaza ixesha apho.
Kwaye enye into kukuba senza ezi dichotomies zobuxoki phakathi kwezesondo, inkanuko, umoya, kunye nelizwi lika-Aretha liyala nje ezo dichotomies. Uyala ukuzibona njengezinto eziphikisanayo. Bonke bayinxalenye yomntu omnye, kwaye siyakuva oko kwilizwi lakhe, ngokunjalo. Kwaye ndiyayithanda into yokuba akanamvakalelo. Akakhohlisi. Uthetha kakhulu kwaye uthe tye kwiimvakalelo azivakalisayo ngokucula kwakhe.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Nendima yakhe ekudaleni umphefumlo?
Intetho yegama lokuqala Farah JASMINE ukuhambelana namazwi I-GRIFFIN: Ungumakhi womphefumlo obaluleke kakhulu, kunye nomntu ofana noRay Charles, owaziyo, uyazi, kakhulu-kwaye ngomnye umntu obalulekileyo, ekuthatheni oko bakufumene ecaweni-uyazi, uSam Cooke, ngokunjalo-into abayenzayo. 'Ndiphumile ebandleni, laa ndlela yokuthoba umoya kwaye ushukumise abantu, ngenene ufudusela abantu kwindawo egqwethekileyo, baze ke babeke oko kuhlobo lomculo oludumileyo. Ngelixa abaphulaphuli abantsundu bebeqhelene nale nto, ndicinga ukuba uninzi lwababukeli abaqhelekileyo bebengazi. Kwaye kwakuwothusa ngokwenene umhlaba. Ungumyili ophambili womculo esiwazi njengomphefumlo.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ngaba udibene no-Aretha Franklin?
Intetho yegama lokuqala Farah JASMINE ukuhambelana namazwi I-GRIFFIN: Nda. Ndibe nethuba lokudibana naye-ndingathi, imbeko kunye nelungelo. Ndaya kwikonsathi ndimenywe ngumhlobo osenyongweni, uMichael Eric Dyson. Kwaye emva koko, uNjingalwazi Dyson wayengumhlobo osondeleyo kaNks. Franklin, ngoko wandithatha emva kwesiteji. Umyeni wam ebekhona. Ndicinga ukuba uMfundisi uJesse Jackson ebekhona. Kwakubusuku obungaphambi komngcwabo kaWhitney Houston, yiyo loo nto ndiwukhumbula kakuhle. Kwaye wayenesidima. Kwaye ndachukunyiswa kukuthobeka kwakhe. Ndaye ndabethwa kukuba ethule nje, ethule kakhulu, ejongeka phantsi. Wayenxibe kakuhle, njengomama wasecaweni, kwaye wayesamkelekile kwaye ethobekile.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ndifuna ukubuyela ku-1970. U-Aretha Franklin wanikezela ngebheyile ka-Angela Davis, owayevalelwe ngezityholo zobuxoki. Kwaye ndifuna ukufunda kwi-a Jet Inqaku lephephancwadi ukususela ngoDisemba 3, 1970. Linomxholo othi โUAretha Uthi Uya Kuhamba Kwibhondi ka-Angela Ukuba Uvumelekile.โ Kuyo, uAretha Franklin ucatshulwe esithi, โUtata uthi andiyazi into endiyenzayo. Ewe, ndiyamhlonela, kunjalo, kodwa ndiza kubambelela kwiinkolelo zam. U-Angela Davis kufuneka ahambe ekhululekile. Abantu abantsundu baya kukhululeka. Ndivalelwe (ukuphazamisa uxolo eDetroit) kwaye ndiyazi ukuba kufuneka uphazamise uxolo xa ungafumani xolo. Intolongo isihogo. Ndiza kumbona ekhululekile ukuba kukho ubulungisa kwiinkundla zethu, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba ndikholelwa kubukomanisi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba engumfazi oNtsundu kwaye efuna inkululeko yabantu abaNtsundu. Ndinayo imali; Ndiyifumene kubantu abaNtsunduโbaye bandenza ndakwazi ukuba nayoโyaye ndifuna ukuyisebenzisa ngendlela eya kunceda abantu bakuthi.โ Lawo amazwi ka-Aretha Franklin. Uthetha ngonjingalwazi u-Angela Davis, osidibanisayo ngoku esuka kwiSidiliya sikaMartha.
UNjingalwazi uDavis, u-Angela, wamkelekile Intando yeninzi Ngoku!
ANGELA DAVIS: Enkosi, Amy. Enkosi.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Kuhle ukuba nawe kunye nathi. Ngaba ungathetha ngeengcinga zakho ngolu suku, kusuku olusemva kokuba sifundile ngokusweleka kuka-Aretha Franklin, nokuba wayethetha ukuthini kuwe?
ANGELA DAVIS: Ewe, kunjalo, olu lusuku olubuhlungu kakhulu kubantu belizwe lonke. U-Aretha wayeyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi babantu abaninzi, kuquka obam, kwaye kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokuba wathetha esidlangalaleni ebonisa ukuba uya kuyihlawula ibheyile yam ngo-1970. Kodwa mhlawumbi ndiza kuthetha amazwi ambalwa ngaloo nto, ukuqalisa.
Xa u-Aretha wagqiba ekubeni abambe inkomfa yeendaba echaza ukuba uya kuhlawula ukuya kuthi ga kwi-250,000 yeedola, ekuthi kwimali yanamhlanje mhlawumbi malunga nesigidi-nesiqingatha seerandi, yayiyeyona nto iphakamileyo kwiphulo. Kwaye ndiyakholelwa ukuba abantu abaninzi abanokuthi babe mathidala ukunxulumana nam ngenxa yemibutho yam yobukomanisi mhlawumbi bazibandakanya nephulo ngenxa yengxelo ka-Aretha.
Xa ndandiye ngokweneneโxa ndandifaneleka ukufumana ibheyile, ngelishwa, uAretha wayengaphandle kwelizwe. WayekwiCaribbean. Kwaye ngezo ntsuku, phambi kokuvela kobukapitali behlabathi, imali ayizange ihambe lula ukunqumla imida yelizwe, kwaye ke ngoko, [engavakaliyo] kwenye indawo, umlimi omhlophe osuka kuMbindi weKhalifoniya owavuma ukubeka ifama yakhe.
Kodwa elo yayilixesha elichukumisayo. Yayilixesha apho iphulo lenkululeko yam lafumana iwonga loluntu ngokwenene phakathi kwabantu beli lizwe, kwaye mhlawumbi kwihlabathi liphela. Ndiya kuhlala ndimbulela u-Aretha, kuba ndicinga ukuba uye wadlala indima ebaluleke kangakaโkwimpumelelo yeli phulo.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ngoku, awuzange udibane no-Aretha Franklin, akunjalo?
ANGELA DAVIS: Ke, ndiziva ngathi ndidibene naye, kodwa ndi-ngokuba ndiva ukuba uyinxalenye yembali yam. Kwaye umculo wakhe wawuyinxalenye enkulu kwaye usaqhubeka uyinxalenye yobomi bam, kunye nobomi bam bonke. Kodwa andizange ndadibana naye ngokobuqu.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ngaba unokuchaza iimeko ngelo xesha, ukuba kwakusenzeka ntoni kuwe? Ethetha nokuba ngubani u-Aretha Franklin, ukuba waphuma ngamandla kwaye, ngokunika umdla, wathetha malunga nokuba waphoswa kwitoti. Wayevalelwe kwisixeko sakowabo iDetroit.
ANGELA DAVIS: Ewe, ngokupheleleyo. Njengoko ubonisile, wathi sele evalelwe ngokuphazamisa uxolo. Yaye kubonakala ngathi waqonda ukuba kusenokuba yimfuneko ukuphazamisa uxolo kancinane. Kodwa, kakade, isibakala sokuba ndandililungu leQela lamaKomanisi ngelo xesha senza abantu abaninzi babe mathidala ukunikela ngenkxaso yoluntu, kuba babecinga ukuba basenokunxulunyaniswa nobukomanisi, yaye ngaloo ndlela babenokubeka obabo ubomi esichengeni.
Ndabekwa ityala lokubulala, ukuxhwila kunye nelokwenza iyelenqeโizityholo ezintathu ezinkulu. Kwaye ngexesha u-Aretha esenza le ngxelo, eneneni ndandingakufanelekeli ukufumana ibheyile, kuba amatyala okubulala ayengahlawulelwa. Njengoko kwenzekayo, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseCalifornia yasiphelisa, ubuncinci okwethutyana, isigwebo sentambo eCarlifonia, nto leyo ethetha ukuba okwethutyana nje bendifanele ukufumana ibheyile. Ndingomnye wabantu abambalwa abathe bakhululwa ngokwenene, kuba kwiintsuku ezimbalwa iNkundla ePhakamileyo yasilungisa isigqibo sayo ngokubonisa ukuba onke amatyala angaphambili aza kuhlala engenabheyile.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Kwaye ububanjelwe apha eNew York, akunjalo? Kude kufuphi nezitudiyo ze Intando yeninzi Ngoku! Kwaye iCalifornia ibifuna ukukhutshwa kwakho. Ubulindele ukuthunyelwa eSan Rafael, eCalifornia.
ANGELA DAVIS: Ewe, eneneni, ewe. Ndandisentolongweni kwiNdlu Yabafazi Abavalelwe eGreenwich Village eNew York. Kodwa ndandisele ndikhutshiwe ngelo xesha. Ndandikwintolongo yasePalo Alto. Bendikade-libali elide. Ndandikhutshelwe ngaphandle eMarin County, emva koko safumana indawo yokutshintsha ukuya eSanta Clara County. Ngoko, xa ngokwenene ndakhululwa ngebheyile, kwakuvela kwintolongo yasePalo Alto.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Sichitha iyure kubomi, umculo, ubuchule, ubutshantliziyo buka-Aretha Franklin. Ucule kwimibhiyozo emithathu yokumiselwa kukaMongameli uCarter, ukumiselwa kukaMongameli uClinton kunye nokumiselwa kukaMongameli Obama. Kwaye kulapho siza kuya khona ngoku. Lo nguAretha Franklin ocula ingoma ethi "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" ekusungulweni kokuqala kukaMongameli Obama, nge-20 kaJanuwari, ngo-2009.
ARETHA Imvelaphi yegama lokuqala Frank: [ecula] Ilizwe lam, liphuma kuwe,
Lizwe elimnandi lenkululeko,
Ndiya kuvuma ngawe;
Umhlaba apho utata wafela khona,
Umhlaba wokuzingca kwabahambi,
Ukusuka ev'ry, yonke intaba
Inkululekoโinkululeko, isandi senkululeko!
Thixo woobawo bethu kuwe,
Bawo, uyise wenkululeko,
Sicula kuwe.
Kwanga umhlaba wethu ungakhanya,
Ngokukhanya okungcwele kwenkululeko,
Khusela, khusela, khusela,
Sikhusele ngamandla akho onke.
Vumela inkululekoโikhale!
Vumelani, khululaniโmakhale!
Yiyeke, ikhalise!
Mayikhale!
Ukusuka kumhlaba obomvu waseGeorgia
Mayikhale!
Owu, mayikhale kwintaba yeelekese zasezulwini
Mayikhale!
Mayikhale!
Mayikhale!
Yiyeke, mayibe, mayibe, mayibe, mayibe
Mayikhale!
Mayikhale!
Mayikhale!
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: U-Aretha Franklin, ecula kumsitho wokuqala kaMongameli uBarack Obama, ecula phambi kwabona bantu baninzi bakha babona ukumiselwa kwe-U.S. Yi le Intando yeninzi Ngoku!, democracynow.org. NdinguAmy Goodman. Iindwendwe zethu ngu-Angela Davis-kwaye, u-Angela, bendifuna ukukubuza, nanku ecula, "Ilizwe lam, 'lilizwe lakho, ilizwe elimnandi lenkululeko." Ikwangulo mfazi mnye, kumashumi eminyaka ngaphambili, wayesithi uyakukuthumelela ibheyile, akuthumelele ibheyile njengomfazi ontsundu ekumele ukuba umelwe. Lizwe elimnandi lenkululeko. Iingcamango zakho?
ANGELA DAVIS: Ewe, ewe, [engavakaliyo] intsingiselo awayidlulisela kwingoma awayeyicula isise kwelinye icala. Kwaye ke, ndibona i-utopian element kuloo nto. Akatsho ukuba eli lilizwe lenkululeko, kodwa kufanele ukuba sihlala kwilizwe lenkululeko. Ndicinga ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu, okokuqala, kungekhona ukuba ngokoqobo; okwesibini kuko konke, ukuqaphela ukuba abantu bangenza igalelo kwimizabalazo yezopolitiko ngokuphakamisa ukuqonda koluntu, lwemibutho. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba uAretha wayesoloko evelisa olu hlobo loluntu ngokucula kwakhe. Kwaye ndinomdla kakhulu kwindlela awazisa ngayo umlinganiso wobufazi, ngaphambi kokuvela kobufazi abamnyama, kwingqondo yethu "ngentlonipho" kwaye, ewe, kunye "nooSista bayazenzela," i-duet awayenzayo. kunye no-Annie Lennox. Ndicinga ukuba igalelo lakhe ekudalweni kohlobo lokulangazelela inkululeko, indlela athe wanceda ngayo ekudaleni uluntu-umntu unokuthi, uluntu lomzabalazo-lubaluleke kakhulu.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Angela Davis, ungumbhali we I-Blues Legacies kunye ne-Black Feminism: uGertrude "Ma" Rainey, uBessie Smith, kunye noBillie Holiday. Ubona njani igalelo lika-Aretha Franklin kwimbali yomculo? Uyiva njani i-Black feminism ichazwa kumculo wakhe?
ANGELA DAVIS: Ewe, uyazi, ngokuqinisekileyo, igalelo lika-Aretha lixabiseke kakhulu. Kwaye njengoko uMark Anthony Neal kunye nomhlobo wam uFarah Griffin sele bechazile ngobuchule ngexesha lenkqubo yenu, uAretha wayengoyena mbonakaliso womphefumlo. Kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba umculo wakhe wanceda ukuvelisa uluntu, wasinceda ukuba sizive siyinxalenye yento enkulu kunathi. Kwaye ngaloo ndlela, ndicinga ukuba ulandela isithethe sabafazi abamangalisayo beblues ngeminyaka yee-1920 kunye nee-1930s, uyazi, iHoliday kaBillie kamva. Imbali yethu kumashumi eminyaka adlulileyo ayinakucingelwa ngaphandle kwelizwi elikhulu lika-Aretha Franklin.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: U-Aretha Franklin ubeke ngaphezulu kwekhulu leengoma kwi Billboard iitshathi, kuquka 17 phezulu-10 pop singles, 20 inombolo yokuqala hits R&B. Ufumene iiGrammys ezili-18 ezikhuphisanayo, kunye neMbasa yokuPhumelela ngoBomi bonke ngo-1994, ibhinqa lokuqala elintsundu ukuba lifakwe kwi-Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. UMark Anthony Neal, uthe ukuba wayengekho mnyama, ngekhe, oh, unesiqu esifana nesikaBarbra Streisand, nangona abaninzi bebenokuthi ngokuqinisekileyo uyakwenza, kwaye mhlawumbi nangaphaya, kunjalo. Kodwa thetha ngesizathu sokuba wenze uthelekiso.
UMAKI Anthony kwezinye iilwimi I-NEAL: Uyazi, uAretha noBarbra Streisand bobabini babeseColumbia Records ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1960. U-Aretha eneneni ugubungela okanye urekhoda inguqulelo โYabantuโ kwangaloo nyaka inye eyenziwa nguBarbra Streisand. Ndicinga ukuba ileyibhile yerekhodi ayizange iqonde into yokwenza no-Aretha Franklin. Kwelinye icala, babengazi ukuba benze ntoni ngamandla evangeli awayeyinxalenye yomculo wakhe.
Kodwa xa ndithetha ngokuthelekisa yena noBarbra Streisand, uBarbra Streisand unokuba nomsebenzi apho anokuzicingela ukuba ungaphezulu nje kwegcisa lokurekhoda kwistudiyo. Wayenokuzicingela ekwinqanaba leBroadway. Wayenokuzicingela esenza iimuvi. U-Aretha Franklin wayengenazo ezo ntlobo zamathuba avulekele kuye, kuba, eneneni, wayengumfazi omnyama kwishishini lokurekhoda ngelo xesha. Ngandlelโ ithile, ukunyuka esiye sakubona kuBeyoncรฉ kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo ukwenza iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi wenkcubeko kumaqonga ahlukeneyo kukuqonda okupheleleyo kweentlobo zamathuba athe uAretha Franklin wanceda ukudala izizukulwana zamagcisa abeza emva koko. yena.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ukubaluleka kokuvalelwa kuka-Aretha Franklin eDetroit? Ngaba uyalazi elo bali, uMark Anthony Neal?
UMAKI Anthony kwezinye iilwimi I-NEAL: Andi. Bendiqala ukuyiva, njengoko besimva nje kwimizuzu embalwa edlulileyo ethetha ngayo. Kodwa, ewe, kukho imbali enkulu, uyazi, ewe, ngeBheteli eNtsha. IBheteli Entsha, eyayibaluleke kakhulu kuMatshi kaMatshi weNkululeko owaqhutywa ngoJuni wowe-1963, xa uMartin Luther King okokuqala watyhila intetho yakhe ethi โNdinephupha,โ ubuncinane inguqulelo yayo yangaphambili. Ngoko ke, ndinokucinga, njengomntu osemncinci okhulayo eDetroit, enikezwe ukuba yintoni iDetroit, kwakunokubakho amathuba amaninzi okuba u-Aretha Franklin aphazamise uxolo, ukuba uyathanda.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ndifuna ukujikela kuAretha Franklin ethetha kwi-NPR's Umoya opholile malunga nenye yeengoma zakhe ezidumileyo, ingoma esiqale ngayo, "Intlonipho."
ARETHA Imvelaphi yegama lokuqala Frank: Ekuhambeni kwexesha, yagqalwa njengedabi ngumbutho olwela amalungelo abantu. Kodwa xa ndiyirekhoda, yayiyinto entle kakhulu yendoda/yebhinqa nangaphezulu, ngendlela eqhelekileyo, ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. "Ndiza kukunika imbeko, kwaye ndingathanda ukubuyisela loo mbeko, okanye ndilindele ukubuyiselwa intlonipho."
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Masibuyele ku-Aretha Franklin sicula "Intlonipho."
ARETHA Imvelaphi yegama lokuqala Frank: [ecula] Ingaba uguna ntoni
Baby, ndiyifumene
Ingaba ufuna ntoni
Uyazi ndiyifumene
Yonke into endiyibuzayo
Kungenxa yentlonipho encinci
Xa ufika ekhaya (kancinci nje)
Baby (kancinci nje)
Xa ufika ekhaya (kancinci nje)
Owu, yinyani ngoku (kancinci nje)
Andizukwenza mpazamo
Ngelixa uhambile
Awuzukwenza wrong
Andifuni
Yonke into endiyibuzayo
Kungenxa yentlonipho encinci
Xa ufika ekhaya (kancinci nje)
Baby (kancinci nje)
Xa ufika ekhaya (kancinci nje)
Owu, ewe, ndiyayenza ngoku (kancinci nje)
Ndiza kukunika
Imali yam yonke
Kwaye konke endikubuzayo
Ngembuyekezo, ubusi
Kukundinika izinto zam
Xa ufika ekhaya (nje, nje, nje, a, nje)
Owu, ewe (nje, nje, a, nje, a)
Xa ufika ekhaya (kancinci nje)
Into endiyifunayo (kancinci nje)
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: UAretha Franklin, ecula ingoma ethi โRespectโ. UAretha Franklin, osweleke kule veki eneminyaka engama-76 ekwindawo yogcino lwabagulela ukufa eDetroit. U-Angela Davis, njengoko umamele ecula ingoma yakhe ethi "Intlonipho," ngeli xesha, kwixesha likaTrump, njengoko ethetha malunga nokuvalela ekuphela komncedisi omkhulu omnyama kwi-White House, owayesanda kugxothwa, u-Omarosa, njengoko ethetha ngaye. ukusebenzisa kwakhe igama le-N, iingcinga zakho malunga nokuba, ngoku, kulungile, uAretha Franklin angathetha okanye acule malunga neli xesha?
ANGELA DAVIS: Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo, eli lixesha apho kufuneka sitsale kwizithembiso zexesha elidlulileyo, uyazi, ngenxa yemeko ekhoyo njengesiphumo sonyulo lukaDonald Trump. Nangona ebonise ukuba ufuna ukulibuyisela umva ilizwe, kufuneka sikhumbule. Kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba kwakunjani xa uAretha wayecula ingoma ethi, โMy Country, โTis of Theeโ ngethuba lokumiselwa kokuqala kukaBarack Obama. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba, uyazi, umculo uyasivumela ukuba sikhumbule ezo zithembiso kwaye siqonde ukuba ezo zithembiso zinokuba zii-ajenda zomzabalazo ngoku nakwixesha elizayo. I-Aretha iya kuhlala ivuselela imvakalelo yethu edibeneyo yomnqweno wokutshintsha. Kwaye uDonald Trump akanakwenza nto ngaloo nto.
NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ke, siza kuphelela apho. Ndifuna ukunibulela nonke ngokuchitha olu suku nikhumbula uAretha Franklin. U-Angela Davis, umbhali, unjingalwazi kunye nomlweli kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSanta Cruz. Kwakhona, eso sihloko, Jet iphephancwadi, ukuya emva kumashumi eminyaka, โAretha Says Sheโll Go Angelaโs Bond Ukuba Uvumelekile,โ enikezela ukuhlawula, nokuba yi-$100,000 okanye i-$250,000, ukukhulula u-Angela Davis. UFarah Jasmine Griffin, unjingalwazi wesiNgesi kunye noncwadi oluthelekisayo kunye nezifundo zase-Afrika-Amerika kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia, phakathi kweencwadi zakhe, Ukuba Awunakukhululeka, yiba yiMfihlakalo: Ukukhangela iHolide yeBillie. Kwaye uMark Anthony Neal, unjingalwazi weYunivesithi yaseDuke, umbhali weencwadi ezininzi.
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