Umthombo: UMgcini
U-Evo Morales - uMongameli waseBolivia ovela kwiqela le-MAS (i-Movimiento al Socialismo, i-Movement Towards Socialism) - waphoqeleka ukuba arhoxe ngoNovemba 10, kwinto abaninzi ababukeleyo abajonga ngayo njenge-coup. Emva kokurhoxa kukaMorales, kuye kwakho isiphithiphithi kunye nobundlobongela. Okwenzekayo eBolivia akunademokhrasi kakhulu kwaye sibona ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu kubi kakhulu ezandleni zomkhosi kunye namapolisa ukusukela oko kwatshintshelwa kurhulumente woluntu ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980. Siyalugxeka ubundlobongela obunamandla, kwaye sicela i-US kunye nabanye oorhulumente bamazwe angaphandle ukuba bayeke ngokukhawuleza ukuqonda nokubonelela nayiphi na inkxaso kulo rhulumente. Sikhuthaza amajelo eendaba ukuba enze okungakumbi ekubhaleni ukwanda kokuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo oluntu okwenziwa lilizwe laseBolivia.
Ngomhla we-10 kaNovemba, usekela-mongameli we-Morales kunye neentloko zamagumbi omabini eNkongolo nabo baye barhoxa ngenxa yezoyikiso zobundlobongela kumagosa aphezulu e-MAS ngaphandle kokuba bashiye isikhundla. Iphulo loxinzelelo libandakanya ukutshiswa kwezindlu zamagosa eMAS kunye nokuxhwilwa kwezihlobo. Oku kwavula indlela yokunyukela kumongameli kaJeanine รรฑez (inkokeli yenkcaso yamaRoma Katolika ebambelele kwimithetho yasemntla-mpuma weBolivia, etyholwa ngokubanzi ngokuba neembono zobuhlanga) ngoLwesibini we-12 kaNovemba.
Iimeko ezijikeleze ukurhoxa komlilo okhawulezayo zenza ukuba u-รรฑez acinge ngamandla athandabuzeke kakhulu. Kukho amathandabuzo amakhulu malunga nokuba semthethweni komgaqo-siseko wokulandelelana kwakhe. Ngaphandle kokurhoxa ngenkani ngamagosa e-MAS, u-รรฑez ngekhe abenayo nendlela yomgaqo-siseko ebambekayo kumongameli, njengoko wayesebenza njengoSekela Mongameli weNdlu yeeNgwevu, isikhundla esingekho kumgca wokulandelelana komongameli kumgaqo-siseko. Ukongeza, u-รรฑez, othe iqela lakhe lafumana kuphela i-4% yevoti kunyulo lwakutsha nje lwe-20 ka-Okthobha, wazichaza njengoMongameli kwiseshoni yeSenethi eswele ikhoram, kunye neesenenja zeMAS ezenza uninzi lwendlu yowiso-mthetho zikwala ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yoloyiko lokhuseleko lwazo ngokwasemzimbeni.
I-รรฑez imele icandelo le-radical-right yeqela elichasayo laseBolivia, elithathe ithuba le-vacuum yamandla eyenziwe kukugxothwa kukaMorales ukuhlanganisa ulawulo kurhulumente. U-รรฑez ubonakala enenkxaso epheleleyo yomkhosi kunye namapolisa aseBolivia. Kule veki iphelileyo amajoni kunye namapolisa bazibandakanye kwingcinezelo enkulu neyandayo ngokuchasene noqhanqalazo, oluthe ubukhulu becala, nangona lungekho kwaphela, lunoxolo. Ngobusuku bangoNovemba 13, izitrato ezisembindini wesixeko saseLa Paz naseCochabamba zazingenamntu ngaphandle kwamapolisa, amajoni, namajoni aselumelwaneni azenzele wona. Kubekho ukuphangwa okuqhubekayo, ukutshiswa kwezakhiwo, kunye nobundlobongela ezitratweni kwaye abaqhankqalazi baye bahlangabezana nengcinezelo enkulu. Kwintshukumo ephazamisayo kakhulu, u-รรฑez wakhupha umyalelo wesigqeba ngoNovemba 15 ekhulula umkhosi kuxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho olunxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. U-รรฑez uthe uMorales uza kujongana nokutshutshiswa ukuba ubuyela eBolivia. Kwaye uye wadada nombono wokuvalwa kweqela le-MAS - ngokungathandabuzekiyo elisengowona mkhosi mkhulu wezopolitiko waseBolivia - ekuthatheni inxaxheba kunyulo oluzayo.
Ukuphazamisa ngokulinganayo kube kukuvela kwakhona kobuhlanga obuchasayo boMthonyama kule veki iphelileyo. Kungekudala emva kokuba uรรฑez efunyanwe njengoMongameli, wasasaza iBhayibhile enkulu emoyeni waza wathi โIBhayibhile ibuyele ebhotwe!โ Kwiintsuku ezintathu ngaphambi koko ngomhla wokugxothwa kukaMorales, uLuis Fernando Camacho, usomashishini waseSanta Cruz nolihlakani lika-รรฑez, waya kwibhotwe likamongameli waza waguqa phambi kweBhayibhile eyayibekwe phezu kweflegi yaseBolivia. Umfundisi owayehamba naye wavakalisa oku kumaphephandaba, โIPachamama ayisayi kubuyela ebhotwe.โ Amatsha ntliziyo aphikisayo atshisa iflegi ye-wiphala (uphawu olubalulekileyo lwesazisi seMveli) ngezihlandlo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziimbono ezigabadeleyo ezigrogrisa ukubuyisela umva amashumi eminyaka enzuzo ekubandakanywani kwabantu ngokobuhlanga nakwinkcubeko eBolivia.
Ngaphandle kobundlobongela obukhulayo kunye nengcinezelo, imikhosi eyahlukeneyo yoluntu ibibonakalisa kwilizwe lonke igxeka urhulumente wase-รรฑez. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ababandakanyi kuphela abaxhasi be-MAS kodwa kunye ne-swath ebanzi yamacandelo aziwayo agatyayo ukubanjwa kwe-rightwing karhulumente. Amawakawaka abaqhankqalazi ababengaxhobanga, uninzi lwabo ingabalimi bamagqabi ecoca, bahlanganisana ngoxolo eSacaba, idolophu ekwisebe laseCochabamba, ngentsasa yangoNovemba 15. Emva kothethathethwano olungaphumeleliyo lokumatsha ukuya kwindawo yedolophu, abaqhankqalazi bazama ukuwela ibhulorho yokungena ebaleni. isixeko saseCochabamba, sigadwe kakhulu ngamapolisa kunye nemikhosi yomkhosi. Amajoni namapolisa adubula ngeembumbulu zentywizisa neembumbulu kweso sihlwele. Ebudeni bongquzulwano olwathabatha iiyure ezimbini, abaqhankqalazi abalithoba badutyulwa bafa, yaye ubuncinane abali-122 benzakala. Uninzi lwababhubhileyo nabonzakeleyo eSacaba bafumene amanxeba eembumbulu. UGuadalberto Lara, umlawuli wesibhedlele saseMexico, uxelele i-Associated Press ukuba lolona gonyamelo lubi alubonileyo kwiminyaka engama-30 ubudala. Iintsapho zamaxhoba zibambe umlindo wokukhanyisa amakhandlela ngolwesiHlanu eSacaba. Umfazi oneenyembezi wabeka isandla sakhe phezu kwebhokisi waza wabuza, โNgaba le nto uyibiza ngokuba yidemokhrasi? Usibulala ngokungathi asibala nto?
Siyalugxeka ugonyamelo lwaseburhulumenteni lwengcinezelo oluqhubeka eBolivia. Sikwavakalisa inkxalabo yethu yokuba abeendaba bezizwe ngezizwe abakwazanga ukugubungela ngokufanelekileyo ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu Bholiviya njengoko nabo baye bahlangatyezwa bubundlobongela bomkhosi. Ngomhla we-15 kaNovemba, intatheli ye-Al Jazeera eyayigubungela uqhanqalazo eLa Paz yagxothwa ngamapolisa ezitratweni kwaye yayingasenako ukubamba imakrofoni okanye ikhamera. Nangona waye warhoxa emva kwexesha, umphathiswa omtsha wezonxibelelwano u-รรฑez uxelele oonondaba ukuba urhulumente akazukubanyamezela amajelo eendaba โaxhokonxa imvukeloโ. Le meko-bume, apho inkululeko yamajelo eendaba ingaqinisekiswanga nje kuphela, kodwa isongelwa ngurhulumente, iye yabangela ukunqongophala okothusayo kokuchaswa okunzulu kwamalungelo oluntu okwenziwa yimikhosi echasene nabaqhankqalazi abangaxhobanga.
Sicatshukiswa kukunyhashwa korhulumente ka-รรฑez kwamalungelo abantu baseBolivia kwezopolitiko, ezoluntu, kunye namalungelo oluntu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kobundlobongela obukhokelela ekubulaweni kwabantu abaninzi kunye nokwenzakala okubi kakhulu. Simema uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ukuba ngokukhawuleza kwaye lugwebe esidlangalaleni ezi zenzo zobundlobongela. Sicela imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe yamalungelo oluntu kunye nemibutho ukuba iphande ngokungakhethi cala kwaye ibhale phantsi izenzo zobundlobongela ezenziwa ngabathunywa bakarhulumente. Sifuna ukuba uluntu lwezizwe ngezizwe luqinisekise ukuba olu lawulo luyinyani, oluthandabuzeka kakhulu kwaye lujongwa ngabaninzi njengolungenalo naluphi na uhlobo olusemthethweni, lukhusele ubomi babaqhankqalazi olunoxolo, luhloniphe amalungelo abo bonke kwinkululeko yokuhlanganisana nokuthetha, kunye nokuthobela ngokungqongqo. ngokwemigaqo yamazwe ngamazwe yokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwiimeko zobundlobongela basekuhlaleni. Sifuna ukuba i-US kunye nabanye oorhulumente bamazwe angaphandle bayeke yonke inkxaso kulo rhulumente kwaye babambe ukuqatshelwa kwamanye amazwe de kube kubanjwe unyulo olukhululekileyo nolunobulungisa - kubandakanywa nawo onke amaqela ezopolitiko, ubundlobongela bengcinezelo buyaphela, kwaye amalungelo oluntu asisiseko abo bonke abantu baseBolivia bayahlonitshwa.
Isiginali
Angela Davis, kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia Santa Cruz
UGreg Grandin, kwiYunivesithi yaseYale
UMolly Crabapple, uMbhali kunye noMzobi
UJavier Auyero, kwiYunivesithi yaseTexas, eAustin
Sinclair Thomson, NYU
UBrooke Larson, kwiYunivesithi yaseStony Brook
IForrest Hylton, iYunivesithi yaseNacional yaseColombia-Medellรญn
UWilliam Robinson, kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia-Santa Barbara
USujatha Fernandes, iDyunivesithi yaseSydney (eOstreliya)
UGianpaolo Baiocchi, NYU
USteve Ellner, iYunivesithi yaseOriente (eVenezuela)
UMika Uetricht, uJacobin
UShawn Gude, uJacobin
Alex Main, iZiko loPhando lwezoQoqosho kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo eWashington, DC.
UJohn L. Hammond, iKholeji yaseHunter kunye neZiko leSidanga, iCUNY
UMarc Edelman, iKholeji yaseHunter kunye neZiko leSidanga, iCUNY
UDeborah Poole: IYunivesithi yaseJohns Hopkins (Baltimore)
UJudy Helmand, kwiYunivesithi yaseYork, eToronto, eCanada
USusan Spronk, kwiYunivesithi yaseOttawa
UMark Healey, kwiYunivesithi yaseConnecticut
ULaura Enriquez, kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley
UDaniel Aldana Cohen, kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania
John Lindsay-Poland, Global Exchange
Ben Dangl, kwiYunivesithi yaseVermont
UNicole Fabricant, kwiYunivesithi yaseTowson
UCarwil Bjork-James, kwiYunivesithi yaseVanderbilt
USantiago Anria, kwiKholeji yaseDickinson
UGabriel Hetland, kwiYunivesithi yaseAlbany, eSUNY
USamuel Handlin, kwiKholeji yaseSwarthmore
UChristy Thornton, kwiYunivesithi yaseJohns Hopkins
Thea Riofrancos, kwiKholeji yeProvidence
URebecca Tarlau, kwiYunivesithi yasePenn State
Andrew Orta, kwiYunivesithi yase-Illinois e-Urbana-Champaign
UDavid Bacon, intatheli ezimeleyo
UMichelle Fine, iZiko labaDadi, eCUNY
Emily Martin, iSebe leAnthropology, kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York
UDoug Hertzler, uQeqesha iAnthropologist
Bret Gustafson, iYunivesithi yaseWashington, iSt
UDonald Kingsbury, kwiYunivesithi yaseToronto
UPierre M. LaRamee, uMfundi oZimeleyo
UKirsten Weld, kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard
UJoseph Nevins, kwiKholeji yaseVassar
Todd Miller, Intatheli eZimeleyo
UPenelope Anthias, kwiYunivesithi yaseDurham, e-UK
Hester Eisenstein, iKholeji yaseQueens kunye neZiko labaDangayo
Hilary Goodfriend, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mรฉxico
UGerardo Renique, kwiKholeji yesiXeko saseNew York, eCUNY
UAngus McNelly, uKumkanikazi uMary kwiYunivesithi yaseLondon
Nell Haynes, kwiKholeji yaseColby
UNancy Romer, kwiKholeji yaseBrooklyn, eCUNY
ULeith Mullings, iziko le-Anthropology Graduate, kwiYunivesithi yesiXeko saseNew York
UChristine Folch, kwiYunivesithi yaseDuke
Peter Ranis Graduate Centre, CUNY
Premilla Nadasen, uNjingalwazi wembali, iKholeji yaseBarnard
Emily Achtenberg, Intatheli eZimeleyo
UMarisol LeBrรณn, IYunivesithi yaseTexas eAustin
UDan Beeton, iZiko loPhando lwezoQoqosho kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo
UAndrea Marston, kwiYunivesithi yaseRutgers
UJustice Emily Jane Goodman, kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseNew York State
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