Umthombo: Ewe!
U-Angela Davis kunye nodadewabo uFania Davis babesebenzela ubulungisa bentlalontle ngaphambi kokuba abaninzi abaphembeleli banamhlanje bazalwe. Ukususela ebuntwaneni babo eBirmingham, e-Alabama, apho abahlobo babo babengamaxhoba e-16th Street Baptist Church ukuqhushumba kwebhombu, ukuya kunxulumano lwabo neQela leBlack Panther kunye neQela lamaKomanisi, ukuya kumsebenzi wabo wokuchasana nezakhiwo zentolongo, ubomi babo bugxile kwi. ukuphakamisa amalungelo abantu base-Afrika baseMelika.
Ngo-1969, u-Angela Davis wagxothwa kwisikhundla sakhe sokufundisa e-UCLA ngenxa yobulungu bakhe kwiQela lamaKomanisi. Kamva watyholwa ngokudlala indima exhasayo kuxhwilo lwenkundla olwakhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abane. Iphulo lezizwe ngezizwe lokukhusela ukukhululwa kwakhe entolongweni lalikhokelwa, phakathi kwabanye, ngudade wabo uFania. Ekugqibeleni u-Angela wakhululwa kwaye usaqhubeka ethethelela uhlaziyo lobulungisa kulwaphulo-mthetho.
Ekhuthazwe ngamagqwetha ka-Angela akhuselayo, uFania waba ligqwetha lamalungelo oluntu ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970 waza waziqhelanisa naphakathi koo-1990, xa wayebhalisa kwinkqubo yezifundo zemveli kwiZiko laseCalifornia leZifundo eziDibeneyo waza wafunda nexhwele elingumZulu eMzantsi Afrika. Ekubuyeni kwakhe, waseka ubuLungisa boBuyiselo kuLutsha lwase-Oakland. Namhlanje, ubiza inkqubo yenyaniso kunye noxolelwaniso egxile kwimbali yokwenzakala ngokobuhlanga okuqhubeka kungcungcuthekisa iMelika.
USarah van Gelder: Nobabini naningamatsha ntliziyo nisebancinci kakhulu. Ndiyazibuza ukuba ubutshantliziyo benu bukhule njani kubomi bosapho lwenu, kwaye nithethe njani ngayo phakathi kwenu nobabini.
UFania Davis: Xa ndandisengumntwana, intsapho yakowethu yafudukela kwindawo eyayimhlophe. Loo ndawo yabizwa ngokuba yiDynamite Hill kuba iintsapho zabantsundu ezazifuduka zazixhatshazwa yiKu Klux Klan. Ikhaya lethu alizange liqhunyiswe ziibhombu, kodwa amakhaya akufutshane nathi aqhushumba.
Angela Davis: UFania mhlawumbi usemncinci kakhulu ukuba angakhumbula oku, kodwa ndikhumbula ukuba kwakuvakala izandi ezingaqhelekanga ngaphandle, yaye utata wayenyuka aye kwigumbi lokulala akhuphe umpu wakhe edroweni, aphumele phandle ajonge ukuba iKu Klux Klan wayetyale ibhombu ematyholweni. Oko kwakuyinxalenye yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ukuqhushumba kwe-16th Street Baptist Church yayisisiganeko esisodwa, kodwa eneneni kwakukho iziqhushumbisi kunye nokutshisa lonke ixesha. Xa ndandineminyaka eli-11 ubudala yaye uFania eneminyaka esi-7 ubudala, icawa esasisiya kuyo, iCawa yokuQala yeCongregational, yatshiswa. Ndandililungu leqela leengxoxo zeentlanga ezahlukahlukeneyo, yaye icawa yatshiswa ngenxa yelo qela.
Sakhulela kwindawo ezaliswe luloyiko. Kwaye namhlanje, ngayo yonke ingxoxo malunga nobugrogrisi, ndicinga ukuba kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba bekukho ulawulo loloyiko kwinkulungwane yama-20.
โSasiya kwizikolo ezahlulwe abantu, amathala eencwadi, iicawe. Siye sahlula yonke into!โ
USarah: Ngoko wawuphi xa usiva ukuba kuqhushumbisiwe i-16th Street Baptist Church?
Fania: Ndandifunda kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo eGlen Ridge, eNew Jersey. Kwaye andizange ndithathe nto kumntu. Ndandisoloko ndithetha ngoJames Baldwin okanye uMalcolm X, kwaye ndihlala ndivelisa imiba yokulingana ngokobuhlanga kunye nobulungisa.
Ndeva ngesi siqhushumbisi xa umama wandixelela ukuba uye wabizwa ngomnye umama wala mantombazanaโkuba babengabahlobo abasenyongweniโwaza wathi, โKukhe kwaqhushumba ibhombu ecaweni. Yiza ukhwele nam ukuze sifumane uCarole, kuba uCarole usecaweni namhlanje.โ Kwaye baqhuba behla kunye apho, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba akekho uCarole, ukhe ... akukho mzimba. Ndicinga ukuba wawuphembelela lo mlilo, umlilo womsindo kwaye undenze nje ukuba ndizimisele ukulwa nokungekho sikweni ngawo onke amandla kunye namandla endinokuwenza.
USarah: Ngaba ungathetha ngakumbi malunga nokuba babunjani ubomi bemihla ngemihla ekukhuleni kwakho?
UAngela: Saya kwizikolo ezahlukanisiweyo, amathala eencwadi, iicawe. Siye sahlula yonke into!
Fania: Ewe, ngandlelโ ithile ibiyinto entle ukuba sibambene kakhulu singabantu abantsundu.
Xa sasiphuma ngaphandle kwamakhaya ethu kunye noluntu, umyalezo wentlalo wawusithi ungaphantsi: Awufanelanga ukuya kule paki ngenxa yombala wakho okanye ukutya xa usiya kuthenga edolophini. Kufuneka uhlale ngasemva ebhasini.
Kwangaxeshanye, ekhaya, umama wayesoloko esithi, โMusani ukumamela izinto abazithethayo! Ungavumeli nabani na ukuba akuxelele ukuba ungaphantsi kwabo. "
Kwaye ke ndazifumana-nanjengomntwana oneminyaka eyi-10-nje ndingena kumagumbi okuhlambela amhlophe kwaye ndisela emanzini amhlophe, kuba ukususela ebuntwaneni ndandinombono oqinileyo wokulungileyo nokungalunganga. Umama wayeye kuthenga kwenye indawo evenkileni, yaye engekayazi, kwabizwa amapolisa.
USarah: Masitsibe siye phambili xa kwacaca ukuba wena, Angela, uza kufuna intshukumo yonke ekuzikhuseleni. Kwaye uFania, ugqibele ngokuchitha iminyaka emkhusela.
Fania: Ewe, malunga neminyaka emibini.
UAngela: Ngo-1969, ndagxothwa kwisebe lentanda-bulumko e-UCLA. Kulapho zonke iingxaki zaqala khona, kwaye ndandifumana izoyikiso njengazo zonke iintsuku. Ndandihlaselwa kuphela ngenxa yokuba ndandingamalungu eQela lamaKomanisi.
โElo yayilixesha elibangelโ imincili kuba abantu babekholelwa ngokwenene ukuba utshintsho lunokwenzeka.โ
Fania: U-Angela wayebandakanyeke kakhulu kwiphulo lokulwela amalungelo entolongo ngelo xesha, ekhokela uqhanqalazo ehla esenyuka kurhulumente. Kwaye ke wayenazo zonke iindaba: "AmaKomanisi agxothiwe ekufundiseni e-UCLA," uyazi, "Amandla aMnyama aMnyama."
UAngela: Kwandula ke ngoAgasti 1970, ndamangalelwa ngokubulala, ukuxhwila nokuceba. Kwaye ke kwafuneka ndihambe phantsi komhlaba. Ndayifumana indlela eya eChicago, ndandula ke ndaya eNew York naseFlorida, yaye ekugqibeleni ndabanjwa eNew York ngo-Oktobha. Kwakungelo xesha ndandiphantsi komhlaba apho ngokwenene iphulo laqala ukukhula.
USarah: Ke, Fania, ulujike nini ujoliso lwakho ekuxhaseni injongo kadade wenu?
Fania: Kubusuku bangaphambi kokuba ndimke eCuba, ndafumanisa ukuba wayebanjiwe. Ngoko endaweni yokuba ndigoduke ndiye eKhalifoniya, ngoko nangoko ndaya apho uAngela wayekwiNdlu yokuBanjwa yabaseTyhini eGreenwich Village.
UAngela: Bonke abahlobo bam kunye namaqabane aqala ukwakha iphulo. Emva kokuba ndibanjiwe ndaza ndathunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe, bonke benyuka baya kuMmandla weBay.
Sasikhuthele kwiQela lamaKomanisi, kwaye, uyazi, nakuphi na ukugxeka umntu anokuba nako ngeQela lamaKomanisi, sasinokuya naphi na ehlabathini size sifumane abantu esasinezalamane ezithile nabo, baze abantu bavule amakhaya abo.
YayiyiParty eyayingundoqo wolungiselelo lokukhululwa kwam, yaye lo mbutho wathatyathwa ngabafundi basekhampasini nabasecaweni.
Oku kwenzeka kulo lonke ihlabathi. Ngalo lonke ixesha ndityelela indawo okwesihlandlo sokuqala, ndisoloko ndizifumana ndifanele ndibulele abantu abeza kum baze bathi, โBesibandakanyekile kwityala lakho.โ
USarah: Ngaba ubusazi ukuba kukho inkxaso enjalo eyenzekayo?
UAngela: Ndandisazi, kwaye ndandingazi. Ndandisazi ngokuphandle, kodwa uFania yayinguye owayehamba waza wazibonela ngokwakhe.
Fania: Ewe, bendithetha nabantu abangama-60,000 eFransi nangama-20,000 eRome, eLondon, naseMpuma naseNtshona Jamani, kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye ndibona le ntshukumo inkulu yokumkhulula.
UAngela: Yayilixesha elichulumancisayo kuba abantu babekholelwa ngokwenene ukuba inguquko yenguqu inokwenzeka. Amazwe ayefumana inkululeko yawo, nemibutho elwela inkululeko yayiqhubeka, yaye kwakukho eli themba ehlabathini lonke lokuba siya kubuphelisa ubukhapitali. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba ndibe nethamsanqa lokuba ndikhethwe ngexesha lokuhlangana kwezinto ezininzi.
USarah: Umsebenzi wakho ukusukela ngelo xesha ubugxile kwinkqubo yobulungisa kulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngaba nobabini ningababhangisi bentolongo?
UAngela: Owu, ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye kuyavuyisa ukubona ukuba ingcamango yokupheliswa iyamkelwa ngokubanzi kungekuphela nje njengendlela yokujongana nokuxhatshazwa, kodwa njengendlela yokucinga uluntu olwahlukileyo olungasayi kuthembela kwimigudu yokunyanzeliswa kobundlobongela kunye nokuvalelwa.
Ukupheliswa kunemvelaphi yako kumsebenzi we-W.E.B. UDu Bois kunye nombono wokuba ubukhoboka ngokwawo bachithwa, kodwa iindlela zokujongana nemiphumo yelo ziko azizange ziphuhliswe. Ngasekupheleni kwee-1800s, kwabakho ixesha elifutshane lolwakhiwo ngokutsha olubonisa isithembiso sento eyayinokubakho. Abantu abaNtsundu bakwazile ukuvelisa amandla athile kwezoqoqosho, baqala amaphephandaba kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zamashishini. Kodwa konke oku kwatshatyalaliswa ngokuguqulwa koLwakhiwo ngokutsha kunye nokunyuka kweKu Klux Klan ngeminyaka yee-1880.
Fania: Ewe, salitshitshisa iziko lobukhoboka, kodwa ke lathatyathelwa indawo yi-sharecropping, uJim Crow, u-lynching, ukuqeshisa kwabagwetyiweyo. Undoqo wobundlobongela bobuhlanga kunye nonxunguphalo esilubonile kwiziko lobukhoboka nakuloo maziko alandelelanayo uyaqhubeka namhlanje ngendlela yokuvalelwa kwabantu abaninzi kunye nezenzo zamapolisa ezibulalayo.
UAngela: Sithatha imizabalazo esidibanisa nabachasi bokuphelisa ubukhoboka, kwaye iziko lentolongo kunye nesigwebo sokufa yimizekelo ecacileyo yeendlela apho ubukhoboka buqhubekile bukhathaza uluntu lwethu. Ke ayisiyonto yokuphelisa ukuvalelwa kwabantu abaninzi, nangona oko kubalulekile. Imalunga nokuguqula uluntu lonke.
USarah: Ubulungisa bembuyekezo bunokunceda njani kolu tshintsho?
Fania: Uninzi lwabantu lucinga ukuba ubulungisa obubuyiselayo bunokulungisa kuphela umonakalo phakathi kwabantu-kwaye kuphumelele kakhulu kuloo nto. Kodwa imodeli yenyani kunye noxolelwaniso yenye ekufuneka ijongane nomonakalo omkhulu-ukuphilisa amanxeba obundlobongela obukhoyo. Siye sabona ukuba emsebenzini malunga nezizwe ezingama-40 ezahlukeneyo; elona laziwa kakhulu yiKomishoni yeNyaniso noXolelwaniso yaseMzantsi Afrika.
โIziko lentolongo kunye nesigwebo sentambo yeyona mizekelo icacileyo yeendlela ubukhoboka obuqhubeka bukhathaza ngayo uluntu.โ
EMzantsi Afrika, ikhomishini yamema amaxhoba ocalucalulo ukuba anike ubungqina, kwaye, okokuqala ngqa, abalisa amabali abo esidlangalaleni. Yayikuzo zonke izikhululo zikanomathotholo, kuwo onke amaphepha-ndaba, kwakugcwele kumabonakude, ukuze abantu babuyele emakhaya baphulaphule bafunde izinto ngocalucalulo ababengazange bazazi ngaphambili. Kwakukho ingxubusho eshushu yelizwe eyayiqhubeka, yaye abantu abonzakeleyo baziva bethethelelwe ngandlelโ ithile.
Olo hlobo lwento lunokwenzeka apha, kwakhona, ngenyaniso kunye nenkqubo yoxolelwaniso. Ukongeza kolo hlobo lolwakhiwo lwekhomishini yokumamela, kunokubakho izangqa ezenzekayo kumanqanaba asekuhlaleni-izangqa phakathi, yithi, abantu abangamaxhoba obundlobongela kunye nabantu ababenzakalisayo.
UAngela: Ubani ucinga ngokuphendula umntu omele urhulumente owenze izenzo zobundlobongela obungathethekiyo? Ukuba sithembela kuhlobo oludala lokubathumela entolongweni okanye kwisigwebo sentambo, ndicinga ukuba sigqiba ekubeni sivelise eyona nkqubo sizama ukuyicela umngeni.
Ke mhlawumbi singakwazi ukuthetha ngobulungisa obubuyisela kwimbuyekezo ngokubanzi? Uninzi lwamaphulo ekuqaleni afuna ukutshutshiswa kwepolisa, kwaye kum kubonakala ngathi sinokufunda kubulungisa obubuyisela imbuyekezo kwaye sicinge ngezinye iindlela.
USarah: Fania, undixelele ngethuba besithetha kulo nyaka uphelileyo ukuba umsebenzi wakho wokubuyisela kwimo yobulungisa ngenene wenzeka emva kokuba udlule kwixesha lenguqu yobuqu phakathi koo-1990, xa wawuthatha isigqibo sokutshintsha igiya.
Fania: Ndafikelela kwinqanaba apho ndaziva ndiphelelwe lithemba kuwo wonke umsindo, umlo, ukusuka kuhlobo oluthile lwendlela yobuntu obukhulu ekufuneka ndiyithathe ukuze ndibe ligqwetha eliphumeleleyo. Kwaye kwakhona ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-30 yokuma kobundlavini endiye ndanyanzelwa ukuba ndisithathe njengetshantliziyo-ukusuka ekuchaseni oku nokuchasa oku, nokulwa oku kwaye ndilwe oku.
Intuitively, ndiye ndaqaphela ukuba ndifuna ukudityaniswa kwamandla obufazi kunye nawomoya kunye nokudala kunye nokuphilisa amandla ukuze ndibuyele kwibhalansi.
USarah: Loo nto yaluchaphazela njani ulwalamano lwenu njengoodade?
Fania: Mna nodade wethu saba nexeshaโkanye phakathi kokoโxa ulwalamano lwethu lwaphazamiseka kangangesithuba esingangonyaka, ngenxa yenxalenye yolu tshintsho. Kwakubuhlungu kakhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, ndaye ndaqonda ukuba kufuneka yenzeke loo nto kuba ndandizenza okwam ngokwahlukileyo kuye. Ndandisoloko ndingudade wethu omncinane olandela kanye ekhondweni lakhe.
Ewe, kwaye ke ngoku sisondele kwakhona. Kwaye uya esiba ngokomoya.
"Ukuzikhathalela kunye nokuphilisa kunye nokuhoya umzimba kunye nomgangatho womoya-yonke le nto ngoku iyinxalenye yemizabalazo yobulungisa boluntu."
UAngela: Ndicinga ukuba iimbono zethu zento ebaluleke kakhulu zitshintshile ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuzinyamekela kunye nokuphilisa kunye nokuhoywa komzimba kunye nomgangatho womoya-konke oku ngoku kuyinxalenye yemizabalazo yobulungisa boluntu. Kwakungenjalo ngaphambili.
Kwaye ndicinga ukuba ngoku sicinga nzulu malunga nokuxhamla phakathi kobomi bangaphakathi kunye nento eyenzekayo kwihlabathi lentlalontle. Kwanabo balwa nobundlobongela baseburhulumenteni basoloko bebandakanya iimpembelelo ezisekelwe kubundlobongela obuphathelele kurhulumente kubudlelwane babo nabanye abantu.
Fania: Ndathi ndakufunda ngobulungisa bembuyekezo, yayiyi-epiphany yokwenyani kuba yayidibanisa okokuqala igqwetha, igorha, kunye nexhwele kum.
Umbuzo ngoku ngowokuba siyila njani inkqubo ezisa isiqwenga sokuphilisa kunye nesiqwengana sobulungisa bentlalo nobuhlangaโsilunyange njani unxunguphalo lobuhlanga oluhlala luphinda lwenzeka.
UAngela: Ndicinga ukuba ubulungisa bembuyekezo ngumlinganiselo obaluleke ngokwenene wenkqubo yokuphila ngendlela esifuna ukuphila ngayo kwixesha elizayo. Ukuyifakela.
Kufuneka sibe nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wohlobo loluntu esifuna ukuhlala kulo. Asinakuvele sicinge ukuba ngandlela thile, ngomlingo, siza kudala uluntu olutsha apho kuya kubakho abantu abatsha. Hayi, kufuneka siqale loo nkqubo yokudala uluntu esifuna ukuhlala kulo ngoku.
USarah van Gelder i-co-founder kunye ne-columlist kwi-YES!, Umsunguli we-PeoplesHub, kunye nombhali we-Revolution apho Uhlala khona: Iindaba ezivela kwi-12,000-Mile Journey ngokusebenzisa i-New America.
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