Kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu emva kokusekwa kweqela leBlack Panther for Self Defense, i-ajenda kunye nesimbo sombutho wembali yabaNtsundu odumileyo zisabalulekile kwintetho yoluntu yanamhlanje. Ukupheliswa โkobundlavini bamapolisa nokubulawa kwabantu abaMnyama,โ okusembindini wombutho weBlack Lives Matter, kwandlalwa kwi-Black Panthersโ 10-Point Platform kumashumi amahlanu eminyaka eyadlulayo. Zombini ukuncoma kunye nokugwetywa kwaqhambuka xa ii-berets zabo ezimnyama zibonakala mva nje Umboniso wesiqingatha sexesha likaBeyoncรฉ Ngexesha leSuper Bowl.
Ixelela ukuba iMelika isazamana nokungalingani ngokobuhlanga kunye nokungekho sikweni ekwenzileyo kwiminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo - kwaye ukuzingca kwabaMnyama kuhlala kungumxholo ophikisanayo. Akunjalo kumphengululi owaziwayo, umlweli womzabalazo kunye nomfanekiso wabasetyhini kunye nomhlobo osondeleyo weBlack Panthers u-Angela Y. Davis.
"Ukuba umntu ujonga inkqubo ye-10-point ye-Black Panther Party, umntu ubona ukuba imiba efanayo eyaphakanyiswa emva kobukhoboka isembindini wenkqubo eyaqulunqwa ngo-1966," utshilo uDavis, ngoku. unjingalwazi ophumayo kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSanta Cruz. Ngo-2008 xa u-Barack Obama wonyulwa, loo miba yayingalungiswanga ngokwaneleyo, ngokuqinisekileyo yayingekasonjululwa, ngoko ke unyulo lomntu omnye kwiofisi yezopolitiko lwalungayi kuguqula ngokuzenzekelayo imbali yengcinezelo yoqoqosho ephefumlelwe ngokobuhlanga, Ukutsho ukuba bekungabalulekanga ukuba sonyule uBarack Obama, kodwa loo mizabalazo iyaqhubeka. "
Ngelixa eSpain kwiveki ephelileyo ethethelela ukukhululwa kwezopolitiko ezahlulayo eBasque Arnaldo Otegi, UDavis wathatha ixeshana kunye ne-EBONY.com ukuxubusha imiba yangoku njenge-Black Lives Matter, ukhetho lukamongameli wase-US ngo-2016, kunye neenkcukacha ezivela kwincwadi yakhe yakutshanje, Inkululeko nguMzabalazo oQoqoyo: iFerguson, iPalestine, kunye neZiseko zeNtshukumo. (Haymarket Books, 2016), zihlelwe litshantliziyo lamalungelo oluntu uFrank Barat.
"Ndiye ndabandakanyeka kwi-Palestine Solidarity movement ixesha elide," kuchaza uDavis. โXa imvukelo yaseFerguson yenzeka kunyaka onesiqingatha odlulileyo amatsha-ntliziyo awayephantsi kwePalestine yayingabokuqala uku-tweet inkxaso neengcebiso kubaqhankqalazi baseFerguson. Kuloo nto kuphume umdla kakhulu, uphuhliso olutyebileyo lonxibelelwano kulo lonke ulwandle. Igqiza elivela ePalestina latyelela eFerguson. IBlack Lives Matter kunye namatsha ntliziyo kaFerguson, [kunye namalungu e-Dream Defenders, iProjekthi yoLutsha oluNtsundu 100 baye batyelela ePalestine kwisithuba esingangonyaka odlulileyo ukuze bavakalise umanyano lwabo.โ
EBONY.COM: Uthini umyalezo wencwadi yakho entsha?
Angela Davis: Ndinomdla ngakumbi [ wokuba] namatsha ntliziyo anxulumene nombutho wenkululeko yabaNtsundu ukuqonda ukuba imizabalazo yethu yayingenakuze ibufezekise obu buntu bamazwe ngamazwe ababuzuzileyo ngaphandle komanyano oluvela eAfrika, eAsia, eLatin America, eYurophu naseOstreliya. Imizabalazo yethu yeyehlabathi, ngoko ke, kubalulekile kuthi ukuba siwubandakanye lo mbono wehlabathi kumadabi ethu aphantsi achasene nolwaphulo-mthetho lwamapolisa kunye neshishini lentolongo. Ekubeni ndandiselula kakhulu ndiye ndabandakanyeka kwimibuthoโiQela lamaKomanisi, iBlack Panther Partyโebenembono yehlabathi lonke.
EBONY.COM: Njengoko uphawula kwincwadi yakho, iziganeko eFerguson emva kokudutyulwa kwamapolisa kukaMichael Brown zabhenca impinda yomkhosi wamapolisa. Lusingise phi olu tyhalelo olusingise emkhosini kwaye lunokuyekwa njani?
UDavis: Ukuba umntu ujonga imbali yezobupolisa, ngakumbi kwiminyaka eyi-15 edlulileyo emva kwe-9 / 11, unokubona ugxininiso ekutshintsheni izibonelelo ukusuka emkhosini ukuya emapoliseni. Oku eneneni kunembali ende ukuba umntu ujonga indlela eyathi iMfazwe yaseVietnam yabangela impembelelo kumapolisa asekuhlaleni. I-S.W.A.T. amaqela avela ngenxa yokusebenzisa ubuchule kunye neteknoloji eyayisetyenziswa yiGreen Berets kwiMfazwe yaseVietnam. Isebe lamaPolisa eLos Angeles laba lelokuqala ukusebenzisa amaqhinga anjalo ngokuchasene neqela leBlack Panther. Siphinde sabona ukuvela kwamaqumrhu abucala obupolisa. Kule ncwadi, ndibhekisa kwi-G4S (iQela lesi-4 loKhuseleko), eyinkampani yabucala yokhuseleko esasaze ubupolisa kunye neentolongo kwihlabathi liphela. Kubalulekile ukuba ungajongi nje kuphela kwiindlela apho la maxesha okubangela uloyiko athatyathwe ngamasebe amapolisa, kodwa kubalulekile ukujonga ubungakanani bezoqoqosho ngeenkqubo ezinjalo. I-G4S, kunjalo, yiyo inkampani yesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni, kwaye ngoyena mqeshi mkhulu kwilizwekazi laseAfrika. Idityanisiwe, ngokwembali, kunye nokwenziwa kwabucala kweentolongo eU.S. nakwezinye iindawo.
Ndingathanda ukuphawula ukuba iinkampani ezifana ne-G4S sele ziyibonile into ebizwa ngokuba yi-feminists ukunxibelelana. I-G4S iqala ukusuka kubupolisa babucala ukuya ekuthuthweni kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe ukuya kwiintolongo zabucala ukugxothwa kwabantu ukusuka eMexico eU.S. ukuya kumda waseMexico, ukugxothwa kwabantu baseAfrika ukusuka eYurophu ukuya kumazwe aseAfrika. Ndicinga ukuba [i-G4S] nayo iwuthathile umbuzo wokuba ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kwabasetyhini kwaye ke banazo ezi arhente zijongana nabasetyhini abasemngciphekweni kunye nabasetyhini abathe baxhatshazwa ngokwesondo.
Ndiyikhankanya le nto kuba kukho isifundo kuthi ukuba imbono yobufazi yokudibana kweendlela enye ekufuneka ibandakanywe nakumsebenzi wethu. Ndiyathanda ukuthetha ngokudibana kwemizabalazo, kunye nokuba kubaluleke kangakanani na ukunxulumanisa umzabalazo ochasene nobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesini kunye nomzabalazo ochasene nobundlobongela baseburhulumenteni, ulwaphulo-mthetho lwamapolisa, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe kwimibutho yabasetyhini.
EBONY.COM: Uthetha malunga nokuba iziseko esele zibekiwe zinokwenza njani ukuba iintshukumo zanamhlanje zisebenze. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwamaqela amatshantliziyo anamhlanje akhokelwa liwaka leminyaka eneneni ayala ulwakhiwo lwemibutho yemveli, ngoko ke ezo ziseko zingabanceda njani benze utshintsho olusebenzayo?
UDavis: Ulutsha lukhangela iiforam apho lunokuthi luvakalise imfuno engxamisekileyo yotshintsho olumandla. Bathandabuza uluvo lokuba ubunkokeli kufuneka bube ngumntu omnye okanye ubunkokeli bube yindoda. Basebenza kunye neemodeli ezintsha ezidibeneyo zobunkokeli.
Omnye ubone ukunyuka kwabasetyhini abaninzi kwiinkokeli. Ewe kunjalo, kukho abafazi abathathu abadale uMba woBomi oMnyama- uPatrisse Cullors, u-Opal Tometi kunye no-Alicia Garza-abaphakamise imibuzo emininzi enomdla malunga nokuba kuthetha ukuthini ukwakha ubunkokeli. Kwi-Black Youth Project 100 kukho uCharlene Carruthers osisithethi esinamandla kodwa uhlala eyibeka icace into yokuba usisithethi seqela. Kwi-Dream Defenders, bacela umngeni kwiifom ze-hetero-patriarchal. Bathandabuza impembelelo yokwabelana ngesondo kunye ne-homophobia kunye nazo zonke ezi ngcamango kwisizukulwana sabo.
Kubantu besizukulwana sam, iinkqubo zabo zihlala zibonakala zingaqhelekanga, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo, i-Civil Rights Movement yaphuhliswa ngokwahlukileyo kwiintshukumo ngaphambi koko. Iintshukumo zoo-1930s ezazikhokelwa ubukhulu becala ngamakomanisi aMnyama (imbali ethe yacinywa kanye ngenxa yokuchasana nobuKomanisi) zacela umngeni kubunkokheli obabufike ngaphambi kwayo, ngoko ke le yinkqubo eyenzekayo. Kuyavuyisa kakhulu ukubona into enokwenzeka ngalo mzuzu wangoku.
EBONY.COM: Ucinga ntoni ngetsha ntliziyo lePhulo likaZero uDeray McKesson ongenela isikhundla sikasodolophu waseBaltimore?
UDavis: [La maqela akhankanywe ngasentla] abe nempembelelo kwindlela oluqhutywa ngayo unyulo lukazwelonke kwaye avusa izigxeko malunga nendlela abagqatswa abangakhange bayiphendule ngayo imibuzo yobuhlanga kunye nendlela amapolisa aqhubeka ngayo ukuxhaphaza abantu kunye noluntu lwebala. Ubutshantliziyo kufuneka benzeke kuwo onke amabala okubandakanya ibala lonyulo. Akunamveliso ukucinga ukuba yonke into ikhomba kwicala lezopolitiko zonyulo. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba kubekho abantu abanamava anenkqubela okanye amava phakathi kweentshukumo ezinkulu ukuba bonyulwe.
EBONY.COM: Ngaba kukho umgqatswa othile omxhasayo kolunyulo lukamongameli?
UDavis: Indlela yam ibisoloko igxininisa ezopolitiko ezizimeleyo, ezibukhali ngakumbi, kodwa ndicinga ukuba kubalulekile ukuba uBernie Sanders ebephakamisa imiba ebingasoze ithathwe ngaphakathi kumxholo wephulo phakathi kwamaqela amabini amakhulu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphakamisa imiba yokupheliswa kwemfundo kunye [nesidingo] semfundo yasimahla. Kwaye kunjalo, uyabiza imfundo engahlawulelwayo kwiidyunivesithi zethu zikarhulumente, eziye zenzeka imbali yokungafundi. [Bona] ngoku babucala njengeedyunivesithi zabucala. Imbali yekhwelo lemfundo yoluntu ngokunxulumene nomzabalazo wenkululeko yabaMnyama inezifundo ezibalulekileyo. Amakhoboka angaphambili acela imfundo yasimahla kuluntu eMzantsi, ngaloo ndlela kudala imeko yabahluphekayo, abafundi abaMhlophe ukuba bafumane imfundo.
Ewe kunjalo, kukho umbuzo wokhathalelo lwempilo. Ndivuma ngokupheleleyo ukuba sifuna ukhathalelo lwempilo lwasimahla, oluhlawulelwa ngumntu omnye. Emva koko kukho imibuzo emikhulu malunga nesakhiwo semizi-mveliso yentolongo engekaphakanyiswa ngokwaneleyo. Akufuneki nje ukuba siphelise ukuvalelwa kwabantu abaninzi, kufuneka sibuze ubuhlanga obufakwe kuyo yonke imbali yezohlwayo kweli lizwe.
USheryl Huggins Salomon ngumbhali waseBrooklyn, N.Y., umhleli kunye nomcebisi wemidiya yedijithali. Mlandele kuTwitter @sherylhugg
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