Usuku Oluhle Lokuzalwa, Kenya!
Ngomhla ziyi-12 kuZibandlela wezi-2013 wawuhlanganisa iminyaka engama-50!
Kodwa kungakanani okuzogujwa?
Ngemva kwaleyo minyaka engu-50 egcwele yenkululeko, ingabe ngempela ujabule, wanelisekile, unokuthula nawe? Ingabe izingane zakho zondlekile futhi zifundile? Ingabe abesifazane bakho baphephile futhi bavikelekile? Ingabe amadoda akho ahamba eqhosha futhi ede, elawula ukuphila kwawo?
Bathi ngesikhathi senkululeko wawucebe kakhulu kuneKorea, futhi kwakunethemba langempela lokuthi uzochuma ngemva kokuqeda lowo mbuso wamakoloni waseBrithani ononya.
Anikaze nibizwe ngokuthi 'isizwe sothingo', kodwa ngempela beniyibo, ehlanganisa izizwe eziningi, izinhlanga, amasiko nezinkolo ezahlukene. 'Wawunamasiko amaningi' ngempela, kudala ngaphambi kokuba le nkulumo ibe yisakhiwo sodumo futhi ihlale isetshenziswa futhi ihlukunyezwa ihlukunyezwa emazweni aseNtshonalanga.
Ngesinye isikhathi ubonakale ukulungele ukuba ngomunye wabaholi beqiniso 'bomhlaba osathuthuka' (elinye igama elithi clichรฉ, yebo, kodwa wazi kahle ukuthi ngiqonde ukuthini).
Lashonaphi lonke lelithemba; yanyamalala kanjani?
Kungani ukhipha ukudabuka okungaka manje, ukudangala nokwesaba okungaka?
Kungani amadoda nabesifazane benu, emaphandleni nakulawo madolobha amakhulu njengeNairobi, Mombasa naseKisumu, bengitshela ukuthi cishe akusekho lutho olungagujwa, futhi?
Kungani izindlu zemijondolo yenu zilahla ithemba izigidi zabangenayo, kungani izinkambu zenu zabantu abafudukayo ngaphakathi zisabambe amashumi ezinkulungwane zalabo abalahlekelwe yikho konke ngenxa yokuqubuka kodlame olunyantisayo lwezizwe?
Kungani amadolobhana akho engahlanzekile, amadolobha akho ayingozi kangaka, kanye nezinsizakalo zakho zomphakathi azanele. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungani 'abakhethiweyo bakho' bezikhukhumeza ngokungenakubekezelelwa futhi benobugovu, futhi osopolitiki bakho behola kakhulu kuneningi lezizwe ezicebile kakhulu?
Njengoba ugubha usuku lwakho lokuzalwa lweminyaka engama-50, eKenya, amasosha akho abelokhu ethatha ingxenye enkulu yezwe eliphelelwe yithemba nakakhulu - iSomalia, umakhelwane wakho. Kuthiwa kulindeleke ukuthi uqophe leyo ndawo enothe ngowoyela ebizwa ngeJubaland, uzame ukuyenza 'izimele', ukuze izinkampani nohulumeni baseNtshonalanga baqale ukuphanga enye futhi ingxenye yomhlaba engenakuzivikela.
Okungenza ngibuze: uzimele kangakanani, Kenya? Uzimele kangakanani, ngempela? Njengoba zonke lezo zinhlaka zezobunhloli ezivela e-US, Europe kanye ne-Israel, zinezisekelo zazo emhlabathini wakho, ungasho ukuthi nguwe olawula izindaba zakho?
Akumina ngedwa ongabaza ngokuthi unokuningi ongakubungaza. Ngisho noMongameli wakho omusha - u-Uhuru Kenyatta - usanda kumisa zonke izinhlelo ezinhle zephathi yakho yosuku lokuzalwa lweminyaka engama-50, wakhetha isikhumbuzo esizolile, esithobekile nesithobekile senkululeko. Ukubeke kwacaca ukuthi zikhona ezinye izinto eziseqhulwini ngaphandle kweziqhumane, ama-parade nama- fanfare.
Kuye nakwabanye abaningi, njengamanje, iKenya inesidingo esiphuthumayo sochungechunge lokuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi nokwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Ama-bouquets of roses nama-serenade angalinda.
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Njengoba ngangiqopha ngoZibandlela wezi-2013 emijondolo yase-Kibera (enabantu abaphakathi kuka-300.000 nesigidi esisodwa okuyidolobhana elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Afrika) ngakwazi ukuthwebula isitimela eside esithwala impahla sidonswa futhi siphushwa izitimela ezimbili ezisindayo zikadizili. Kwakungumbono ohlaba umxhwele, ogcwele ithemba nethemba - uhlobo oluthile lwe-African Socialist-realism. Yilokho engangikucabanga.
Ezinsukwini ezintathu kamuva, cishe endaweni efanayo, isitimela esicishe sifane naso saphuma emzileni, sawela eceleni kwaso sabhidliza amaqhugwana amaningi. Kwafa abantu abambalwa, abanye balimala, futhi amakhulu aphahlazeka emakhanda.
Izingozi ezifana nalezi bezilokhu zenzeke ngendlela ebulalayo.
Lapho ngisondela endaweni yenhlekelele ngolunye usuku kamuva, kwakunamakhulu abantu abangenzi lutho ababelenga, futhi izisebenzi ezinolaka ze-Red Cross yaseKenya zingenzi lutho ngaphandle kokukhuluma nomakhalekhukhwini babo futhi ngokuzidla benqaba ukuphendula noma imiphi imibuzo. Amaphoyisa namasosha bebebambe izibhamu bengahlaliseki. Abatakuli babehlezi eduze komunye nomunye, njengondlunkulu, phezu kwalezo zinqola ezigingqikile. I-crane enkulu yayibopha ingalo yayo enkulu, ngobuvila - kwakungekho muntu ngaphakathi kwendlu yayo yokulawula.
โKunabantu abangaphansi kwekalishi, ngaphakathi kulo mjondolo,โ kuchaza owesifazane wakwamakhelwane. "Abasebenzi bezokutakula abenzi lutho ukubakhipha."
Ingabe laba bantu babesaphila, noma babefile? Ngambuza, kodwa wayengazi.
Ngabe sengimbuza ukuthi uthukuthele yini.
โUthukuthele? Ngani?โ Wayengawuqondi umbuzo wami.
Akekho olindele noma yini emijondolo yaseKibera. Nakanjani akekho olindele okuthile okuhle.
Ngangizama ukuthola inani eliqondile lezisulu, kodwa akekho owayebonakala ewazi, noma owayenendaba.
Ngaya emakhazeni amakhulu, kodwa lapho, iziphathimandla โzazingagunyaziweโ ukukhuluma.
Ngakhubeka lapho umndeni uhlukana nomunye wamalungu awo. Indoda ende yayikhala kakhulu, yabe isihayiza: โUchitheleni ukuphila kwami?โ Ngesikhathi ekhuluma nesidumbu, umbuzo wakhe wawuvele ube yinkulumo nje.
Lapho ngiphuma, omunye wabasebenzi basemakhazeni weza kimi, ehleba: โSisanda kulahla izidumbu ezingu-700 ethuneni elikhulu. Akekho ozile ukuzowafuna, ngakho sasingenayo enye indlela.โ
Ingabe kwenzeka kaningi? Ngibuzile? โNjalo,โ ephendula.
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Eminyakeni engama-50 ngemuva kwenkululeko, iningi lamaKenya liphila ngosizi oluphelele.
Nakuba zingekho izibalo ezinokwethenjelwa, kunenkolelo yokuthi amaphesenti aphakathi kuka-70 no-80 abantu abahlala emadolobheni ahlala endaweni engachazwa ngamazwe ngamazwe njengemijondolo. Futhi imijondolo lapha ivamise ukufana nezindawo zempi, ezinezibalo ezibalulekile eziqhathaniswayo.
U-Anthony, isigebengu esineminyaka engama-32 ubudala, wangichazela khona kanye phakathi kwemijondolo yaseMathare: โBheka, sengimdalaโฆ sengimdala kakhulu!โ
โUmdala una-32?โ Ngazibuza. Kodwa empeleni wenza umqondo ophelele:
"Nganginabangane abaningi", waqala echaza ngenkathi ehlohla ngommese wakhe obulalayo waseSomalia, ezithubeni ezihlukahlukene ezishiywe yizinhlamvu, ehlobisa imilenze yakhe. โNganginabangane abaningi kodwa bonke bafileโฆ Ngabulawaโฆ Yimi ngedwa osele eqenjini lami lokuqalaโฆ Ngicabanga ukuthi ngilahlekelwe ngabangu-30 babo, mhlawumbe nangaphezuluโฆ Manje ngesaba kakhulu. Angifuni ukufaโฆ Kodwa ngizizwa ngimdala kakhulu!โ
I-Countryside ayihambi kangcono. Yonke imizana nemizana, ikakhulukazi ezungeze idolobha laseKisumu, ayinabantu ngenxa yomqedazwe wengculazi nendlala.
Eminyakeni emithathu edlule ngenza ifilimu eyidokhumentari eSifundazweni saseNyanza, lapho kunesizukulwane esisodwa esilahlekile kwezinye izigodi namadolobhana: Ogogo bayaphoqeleka ukuba bakhulise izingane ezincane nezinsana, njengoba cishe bonke abantu abadala abaneminyaka yobudala yokukhiqiza base beshonile.
Ezinye izindaba eNyanza zihlasimulisa umzimba, ngendlela engenakukholwa. Ngatshelwa ngomunye isalukazi esiyimpumputhe esasinakekela abazukulu baso ababili bamantombazane. Ngobunye ubusuku amadoda endawo agqekeza eqhugwaneni lakhe futhi iqembu lezigelekeqe ladlwengula izingane ezimbili eziboshwe nguye. Amantombazane abehayiza ekhala kodwa omakhelwane banqume ukungangeneleli. Nesalukazi sasingenamandla neze.
Yonke imizana, ngisho namadolobhana, manje ayinabantu. Kuyindawo ebandayo, ene-surreal. Uhlelo lokwesekwa kwendabuko lwawa, lwathathelwa indawo yi-capitalism enonya futhi engenasihawu.
Inqwaba yama-NGO angaphandle kanye nezinhlangano 'ezizizwa kahle' zigijima ezweni lonke, zihlinzeka ngosizo oluncane ukuze ziphendulele ubukhona bazo kanye namaholo avulekile kanye nezibonelelo zabasebenzi bazo, kuyilapho zenza isiqiniseko sokuthi uhlelo alushintshi.
Ikilasi laseKenya elifundile alikhiqizi cishe noma yini, ngaphandle kwezimbali ezithile ezisikiwe ukuze zithunyelwe e-EU. Bambalwa kakhulu onjiniyela nososayensi. Izinsizwa nezintombi eziningi ziya kofunda, eKenya nakwamanye amazwe, ukuze zijoyine 'izisebenzi zentuthuko'; eqashwe inqwaba yezinhlangano ezithi zihlinzeka ngosizo, kodwa empeleni zenza isiqiniseko sokuthi izwe alilokothi lishiye i-neo-colonial orbit.
UMnu. Mwandawiro Mghanga, umholi weqembu eliphikisayo futhi onguSihlalo we-Social Democratic Party of Kenya (SDP) usola abantu bendawo kanye nezinhlangano ezizimele zakwamanye amazwe ngezinkinga eziningi iKenya ephethwe ngazo:
โUyazi ukuthi iningi longqondongqondo ababekhona ngempela sebengene shรญ ezinhlanganweni ezingezona zikahulumeniโฆ ngisho nalabo ababengamavukelambuso noma ababenenqubekela phambili sebengene ezinhlanganweni ezizimele ezincike osizweni oluvela emazweni aseNtshonalangaโฆ . E-Kenya, azikho izehlakalo zeshashalazi zezombusazwe ezenzeka emanyuvesiโฆ Azikho izinkulumo zomphakathi zasenyuvesiโฆ Okwasinda isiko lokwesaba nokungasho lutho. Eqinisweni, ngemuva komhla zi-9/11, sibhekene nesiko langempela lokwesaba nokuthula phakathi kwezihlakaniphi... kwande ukuphindaphindeka okuningi, futhi kwasakazekela kwabezindaba: ngisho nakubuntatheli - ungabona ukuthi hlobo luni lobuntatheli esinalo lapha... mbumbuluโฆ Abantu bemidiya ababhekani neqiniso; babhekana neqiniso, njengoba abanikeli bekubona, njengoba abaxhasi befuna. Akusewona amaKenya abusa leli zwe!โ
Konke lokhu akusona isizathu sokugubha. Emazweni amaningi isimo esinjalo esisabekayo singaholela kalula ekuvukeleni umbuso, kodwa hhayi lapha. Inkulumo-ze kanye namanga aphindaphindwayo ayinkulungwane kwaphumelela ukudala umphakathi onobudlova kakhulu, kodwa ozithoba ngendlela eshaqisayo.
Kwabaningi abampofu baseKenya akukho ukukhululeka, akukho usizo; futhi ngokuyisisekelo alikho ithemba. Uma ababusi baseKenya benza kahle kokuthile, basuke behlukaniselana futhi bazigcinele impango - ngangokunokwenzeka ezixukwini ezimpofu.
Kuyo yonke imijondolo engaqopha kuyo, ngabuza ukuthi abantu bayazi yini ngokunqoba okukhulu kwakamuva kwezinhlangano zezenhlalakahle eLatin America. Abantu bangibuke ngokumangala: babengazi lutho ngalokho engangikhuluma ngakho.
Kodwa bonke babazi okuningi mayelana nodoti we-pop okhiqizwa ngobuningi obuvela e-United States naseYurophu. Futhi-ke babazi ngebhola kanye nokuhlupheka kwabacebile ezindlini eziwubukhazikhazi, bekhanyiswa kubona kumathelevishini, ngemidlalo ewuchungechunge.
Lapha, njengase-Indonesia nakweminye imiphakathi eyeqisayo nedilikayo yangaphambi kobungxowankulu emhlabeni wonke, umqondo wezinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle nobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle cishe awaziwa.
Kodwa eKenya, lapho izikole zihluleka khona ukufundisa, kunamashumi ezinkulungwane zamasonto, ikakhulukazi amaProthestani, alungele ukufundisa nokugcina isimo sikhona. Kunezinsiza ezinkulu nezingaguquguquki zezenkolo, ukuqolwa kwezimali ngabashumayeli, kanye nodlame locansi olubhekiswe ezinganeni nakwabesifazane.
Konke kudidekile futhi kusontekile lapha. Uma kuneziteleka, zenzelwe amaholo aphezulu, hhayi amalungelo kanye noshintsho lohlelo olusekelwe emibonweni eqhubekayo.
Sekungamashumi eminyaka, iKenya ihlotshaniswa naseNtshonalanga njengohlobo oluthile lwefasitela lezitolo zonxiwankulu eMpumalanga Afrika. Bekufanele kube yikho kokubili iNtshonalanga Jalimane kanye neNingizimu Korea, ithuthukisa izithakazelo zaseNtshonalanga 'namagugu' ngokumelene 'nentuthuko yezenhlalakahle' eTanzania engumakhelwane futhi ngesinye isikhathi e-Ethiopia.
Yehlulekile ukujabulisa i-Afrika nomhlaba. Ize yehluleka ngisho nokujabulisa abantu bayo. Kepha lolu hlelo lwenza iningi lezakhamizi zaseKenya ukuba libe ne-phlegmatic, lingenzi lutho, futhi lingabandakanyeki.
Ngesikhathi ngivakashele isikole esikhulukazi samabanga aphansi esiphakathi nemijondolo yaseKibera, usekela-mgomo, uNksz Margaret Otieno, wazichaza njengeqhawe ekulweleni imfundo nempilo yezingane zakhe.
Ngaqonda ukuthi wayesho ukuthini. Njengoba abafundi bakhe - ompetha baseMpumalanga Afrika ekugxumeni izintambo - bebeziqeqesha endaweni evulekile yesikole, izigilamkhuba zendawo zazibhema izidakamizwa eduze, zibonwa ngabantu, zingakhathazeki.
"Babhodloze imbobo enkulu odongeni", kuchaza uNksz Otieno. โAkukho esingakwenza ngabo. Basebenzisa izidakamizwa; ngisho nokushiya imijovo enegazi kuyo yonke inkundlaโฆ Uma sibiza amaphoyisa noma amasosha, akekho oyosisiza. Sizame konke. Izingane azikwazi ngisho nokuya endlini yangasese zodwa โ sizithumela ngamaqembu.โ
Kodwa usenethemba:
โSizama ukwakha, ukushintsha iKenyaโฆ Lesi sikole ngesezingane, kodwa futhi nesikamama abangabodwaโฆ Sinikeza nemfundo yabantu abadala laphaโฆ futhi sondla izingane, ngisho nemindeni yazoโฆโ
Amawindi aphukile. Amaqembu ezigelekeqe nxazonke. Kodwa okungenani lesi sikole sizama ukugcina ithemba liphila.
Bese ngikwenye imijondolo emikhulu, lena esemaphethelweni edolobha laseKisumu.
Ngihlezi endaweni yokudlela encane, nomngane wami u-Edris Omondi, ummeli waseKenya kanye nomuntu ophikisayo.
U-Edris unethemba lokucophelela:
โLokhu kuphatha okusha kuhleโฆ kungcono kakhulu kunakuqala. Lokhu okubonayo lapha kuyihlazo elibi... Akekho umuntu ofanelwe ukuphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjenaโฆ Kodwa ngethemba ukuthi manje iKenya izoqala ukuqhubekela phambiliโฆ Lo Mongameli (u-Uhuru Kenyatta) wehlukileโฆ Sengiyazibona izinguquko ezinkulu: umthethosisekelo omusha kuthathwa ngokungathi sรญna, futhi nohlelo lwezomthetho luyalungiswa. Kubukeka sengathi kukhona ubulungiswa kukho konke okwenzekayo futhiโฆ ngokwandayo kungenzekaโฆโ
Ubalula iChina, nokuzimisela kwayo ukusiza ukuxhumanisa yonke iMpumalanga ne-Afrika Emaphakathi ngomzila wezitimela ezinhle nemigwaqo eqhamuka eKenya futhi isabalele e-Ethiopia, eBurundi, eDemocratic Republic of Congo nase-Uganda.
"Amazwe aseNtshonalanga ayalizonda iqiniso lokuthi i-China iyasisiza, thina bantu base-Afrika, ngengqalasizinda kanye nohlelo lwezenhlalakahle ... Konke kuchithwa emaphephandabeni asendaweni aqeqeshwe futhi axhaswa ngezimali ezivela emithonjeni yaseNtshonalanga", kuchaza u-Edris.
โKodwa izinguquko azinakugwenywa,โ kuphetha yena. "INtshonalanga ayikwazi ukubusa phezu kwale ngxenye yomhlaba, kuze kube phakade ..."
Ukwakhiwa kohlelo lukaloliwe olukhulu sekuzoqala. Kodwa ngemva nje kwezinsuku ezimbili ngikhulume no-Edris, kwembulwa elinye icala lenkohlakalo eKenya, okungenzeka ukuthi libambezele ukwakhiwa kwayo yonke inethiwekhi yezokuthutha e-Afrika.
Ukukhombisa izinguquko ohlelweni lwezobulungiswa lwefilimu yami eyidokhumentari, ngiqopha isango lejele elinokuphepha okuphezulu endaweni ye-Industrial Estate.
Ngokuvilapha nangokuzikhukhumeza, isikhulu siyaphuma, sisondela kimi futhi ngokungazelelwe sishaye isihlakala sami: "Susa isihogo lapha", uyakhuluma.
Alikho igama emfaniswaneni wakhe. Ngicela ukwazi igama lakhe.
Ubiza othile futhi ngokushesha ngiyaboshwa futhi ngihudulelwa ngaphakathi ejele, amadoda amaningana ayizixhwanguxhwangu.
Iphoyisa, igama lalo elinguNgochi, lingibonisa amaketanga ensimbi futhi liqala ukungisongela:
โMayelana nathi, ungumphekula, ilungu le-al-Shabab, futhi sizokuphatha futhi sikuphenye kanjaloโ, eveza uhleko olufushane, oludabukisayo.
Ngimhleka ngibuyela ebusweni bakhe. โUkhokhelwa ubani, mngani? Obani abaphathi bakho?" Ukubonisa ukwesaba eKenya kungabulala.
Ngijikijelwa elolini elishayelwa onogada. Konke kuba kubi. Onogada bakhulu futhi baqala ukungihlanganisa phakathi kwabo. Ngiyazibamba.
Ekugcineni othile, endaweni ethile ku-Google kimina, uthola ukuthi nginezincwadi ezingaphezu kweshumi ezihunyushelwe ezilimini ezingama-20, kanye namafilimu amaningi angaphansi kwebhande lami, futhi ngikhululwa, ngokushesha. Ukube bengingeke ngichazwe 'njengendoda enkulu', ngabe ngavele nganyamalala.
Iziboshwa eKenya ziyahlukunyezwa, ziyadlwengulwa, ziyalulazwa.
Ngikhumbula amazwi ka-Anthony, isigebengu engangingazana naye emijondolo yaseMathare: โUma ungumntwana futhi wenza ubugebengu obuncane futhi bakubamba, uya ejeleโฆ Lapho, bayakudlwengula futhi bakwenze usebenze โnjengowesifazaneโ wabo. Abalindi nonogada bayakushaya, bayakuhlukumeza ... imini nobusuku. Ukuze nje ufundisweโฆ Futhi ngaleyo ndlela uba lukhuni, ufunde umsebenzi wakho, ube isigebengu sangempela.โ
โUsuku Oluhle Lokuzalwa, Kenyaโ, ngiyacabanga.
Yebo, ekugcineni ngikhululiwe, ngokuthanda okukhulu nokuxolisa. Ngakusasa, owesifazane wasemijondolo yaseKibera ungitshela ukuthi kuyini ngempela, ukuba ngowesifazane eKenya, ikakhulukazi owesifazane ohlala emijondolo.
Bese siya โe-Olympic Primary Schoolโ e-Kibera, mina nomngane wami uMwandawiro, futhi ngemva kokuba ngimbuze konke engangikucela kuye ngefilimu yami yedokhumentari, wavele wazinikela ngokuzithandela. Ugxumela phakathi:
"Kukhona okunye."
"Kwenzenjani?" Ngiyazibuza.
โChavezโ, ebabaza. โKuleli, zonke izinguquko zizoba yinhle, kuze kufike umuntu ofana noHugo Chavez, aqale ukulwela lesi sizwe nabampofu. Asinamuntu ofana naye lapha, manje. Kodwa umuntu ofana naye kungaba nguyena kuphela ongaletha ushintsho lwangempela eKenya. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, akukho esingakubungaza.โ
Ngavuma naye. Njengoba sisuka e-Kibera, ngiyaqalaza futhi ngibone ukuthi cishe azikho izinombolo ezingu-50 noma kuphi, futhi mancane kakhulu amafulegi aseKenya. Akekho umuntu odansayo. Iningi labantu libheke phansi ezinyaweni zalo, ngamehlo adabukileyo, acishe axega.
U-Andre Vltchek ungumbhali wamanoveli, umenzi wefilimu kanye nentatheli ephenyayo. Uye wahlanganisa izimpi nezingxabano emazweni amaningi. Ingxoxo yakhe noNoam Chomsky Ngobuphekula baseNtshonalanga manje izophrinta. Inoveli yakhe yezepolitiki ehlonishwa kakhulu Iphuzu Lokungabuyeli isihlelwe kabusha futhi iyatholakala. Oceania yincwadi yakhe ekhuluma nge-imperialism yaseNtshonalanga eNingizimu Pacific. Incwadi yakhe evusa inkanuko nge-post-Suharto Indonesia kanye nemodeli ye-market-fundamentalist ibizwa ngokuthi โI-Indonesia - Iqoqo leziqhingi Zokwesabaโ. Usanda kuphothula i-documentary ethi, โI-Rwanda Gambitโ mayelana nomlando waseRwanda kanye nokuphangwa kwe-DR Congo. Ngemva kokuhlala iminyaka eminingi eLatin America nase-Oceania, u-Vltchek njengamanje uhlala futhi esebenza eMpumalanga Asia nase-Afrika. Angafinyelelwa ngeyakhe iwebhusayithi noma yakhe Twitter.
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