Umthombo: Inyaniso
Enqwenela ukuphazamisa intetho yesizwe ekuphatheni kakubi kwakhe ubhubhani we-coronavirus, uDonald Trump uthembisa ukuba isitofu sokugonya siya kufumaneka ngaphambi koSuku loNyulo. Iphulo lakhe lokugonya libizwa ngokuba "yi-Operation Warp Speed" kwaye kukho ingozi yokwenyani yokuba isantya salo siya kuguqula iziphumo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ulawulo lukaTrump kuthelekisa lo mzamo kwiProjekthi yaseManhattan, inkqubo karhulumente eyimfihlo kakhulu yokuphuhlisa ibhombu yeathom yokuqala. โEsi ayisosixhobo sikarhulumente esiyimfihlo sizama ukusikhusela kutshaba,โ watsho uDavid Mitchell, umseki weZigulana zeziyobisi ezifikelelekayo. โUtshaba yintsholongwane. Ngokwenene lo ngumsebenzi wokuhlangula abantu baseMelika kunye noluntu kwintsholongwane. โ
Izitofu zokugonya zithatha iminyaka eli-10 ukuphuhla, ukuvavanya kunye nokusasazwa. Elona xesha lifutshane lithathiweyo ukwenza isitofu sokugonya li emine minyaka. Ukanti iinkampani ezine ezixuba amayeza zikumanqanaba amva olingo lwezonyango. U-Pfizer, ekucacayo ukuba ungoyena uphambili kugqatso lokugonya, uthi ayizukuba naziphumo phambi kombindi kaNovemba. IModerna, iAstraZeneca, kunye noJohnson & Johnson bathi banethemba lokufumana iziphumo ekupheleni konyaka.
โUkuzama ukuvelisa iyeza lokugonya kwi-'Warp Speed' kukungcakaza okubi ngempilo yoluntu," uClifford Conner, umbhali-mbali wesayensi kunye nombhali wencwadi entsha, Intlekele yezeNzululwazi yaseMelika: Ukusuka kuTruman ukuya kuTrump, watsho kwi udliwanondlebe kunye noJeff Mackler weSocialist Action USA. "Ukuba akukho nasinye sezitofu zokugonya ezivavanyiweyo ngokwaneleyo ezibulala nabani na - kwaye ukuba enye yazo inokungqina ukuba ifanelekile kunyango - iya kuba ngumcimbi wethamsanqa, kwaye ithamsanqa alisoze libe sisicwangciso esihle kwingxaki ebulalayo."
NgoJulayi, i-AstraZeneca yamisa amalingo ayo onyango ngenxa yokuba umntu owayenenxaxheba wagula kakhulu. Nangona i-AstraZeneca yenqaba ukuchonga isifo, ichaza iinkxalabo zangasese, iimpawu zesigulane zazihambelana ne-myelitis eguquguqukayo, okanye ukuvuvukala kwentambo yomgogodla. Abaphandi abaliqela bakugxekile ukunqongophala kwe-AstraZeneca.
Kwiveki ephelileyo, uJohnson & Johnson babhengeze ukuba unayo iye yanqumamisa ulingo lwayo lwezonyango ngenxa yokugula okungachazwanga kwelinye lamavolontiya ayo. Inkampani yala ukunika iinkcukacha, ibanga imfuneko yokukhusela iimfihlo zesigulana.
Robert R. Redfield, umalathisi wamaZiko oLawulo noThintelo lweZifo, xelelwe Iphaneli yeSenethi nge-16 kaSeptemba ukuba isitofu sokugonya asinakufumaneka ngokulula kude kube phakathi ku-2021. Kwiiyure ezimbalwa kamva, uTrump wabhengeza, ngaphandle kobungqina, ukuba iRedfield "wenze impazamoโ kwaye iyeza lokugonya liya kufumaneka ngokubanzi kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa.
Iphulo lakhe lokugonya libizwa ngokuba "yi-Operation Warp Speed" kwaye kukho ingozi yokwenyani yokuba isantya salo siya kuguqula iziphumo.
Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba uTrump aphikisane neRedfield, oogqirha abane abaphezulu bekhokela iqela lesizwe lokuphendula le-coronavirus zivunywe Ulawulo lokuTya kunye neDrugs (FDA) imithetho engqongqo yokhuseleko. Ezo mfuno zigunyazisa ukuvunywa kweengcali zangaphandle phambi kokuba i-FDA ibhengeze isitofu sokugonya sikhuselekile kwaye siyasebenza.
Imithetho emitsha engxamisekileyo ye-FDA ifuna kwakhona ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba kwiimvavanyo zeklinikhi balandelwe iinyanga ezimbini emva kokulawulwa kogonyo ngaphambi kokugunyaziswa kokugqibela, ukwenzela ukuchonga iziphumo ezinokwenzeka.
Kodwa ndinqwenela ukuphumelela inzuzo yonyulo ebusweni bamanani okuvota kaTrump, Ulawulo lwayimisa imvume yalo yemigaqo-nkqubo emitsha ye-FDA kwiiveki ezimbini. UTrump utyhola i-FDA ngokuthintela ukugunyaziswa kwesitofu sokugonya ngaphambi koSuku loNyulo, eyibiza ngokuba "ngumsebenzi wezopolitiko." Ngosuku olulandelayo The New York Times ingxelo yokuba amagosa e-White House avala izikhokelo ezitsha ze-FDA, ulawulo lwenze malunga nobuso kwaye lwavuma.
"Ndithembele kakhulu kwezi nkampani zikhulu zilungelelaniswe ngokugqwesileyo ngokwezinto ebezizenza ngovavanyo," UTrump uthe kwintlanganiso noonondaba. Andazi ukuba urhulumente omkhulu njengathi angenza uvavanyo olunje.
Kugqatso lokuphuhlisa isitofu sokugonya ngokukhawuleza, i-Operation Warp Speed โโ"ihlawula iibhiliyoni zeedola kumashishini amakhulu e-Big Pharma ngaphambi kwazo naziphi na iziphumo," utshilo uConner. Thunti. Abahambisani nolawulo lolawulo kunye neendlela zekontraka zemveli zomanyano ukudala elubala, waphawula. "Ngaphambi kokuba nayiphi na iinkampani zenze naluphi na uphando okanye ziphuhlise naziphi na iimveliso, bebesele bevuna ingeniso yomoya ngokunxulumana ne-Operation Warp Speed." Yintoni ebonisayo, uConner wongezelela, kukuba, "Isantya se-Warp asilogqatso lwesayensi 'lwesitofu sokugonya' phakathi kweelabhoratri zophando ezikhuphisanayo njengoko iyinto eqikelelwayo phakathi kweemali zehedge ezikhuphisanayo."
Iinkampani ezintathu zoxubo-mayeza eziye zangena kwikhontrakthi kunye ne-Warp Speed โโukuphuhlisa isitofu sokugonya azikaze zizise ngempumelelo nasiphi na isitofu kwintengiso, utshilo uConner. I-Novavax inenkontileka ye-Warp Speed โโye-1.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, IModerna inekhontrakthi ye-1.5 yebhiliyoni ye-Warp Speed, kunye namaxabiso e-stock of Vaxart anyukile, abanini bayo baqonda inzuzo enkulu. I-Pfizer nayo inekhontrakthi ye-Warp Speed xabisa i $ 1.95 billion.
"Isantya se-Warp asilogqatso kangako lwesayensi 'lwesitofu sokugonya' phakathi kweelabhoratri zophando ezikhuphisanayo njengoko iyinto eqikelelwayo phakathi kweemali ezikhuphisanayo zehedge."
Ulawulo lukaTrump ngokucinezela i-FDA ukubuyisela ugunyaziso lwayo olungxamisekileyo lwesitofu โnjengelayisensi yangaphambili.โ Kodwa, ixhalabile kubonakala ngathi ipolitiki, i-FDA ibuyela umva. Isithethi se-FDA sicaphule "umahluko obalulekileyo" phakathi kogunyaziso losetyenziso olungxamisekileyo kunye nenkqubo engqongqo yokunika ilayisenisi yesitofu sokugonya. "Akukho nto 'njengemvume yangaphambili' okanye 'ukuvunywa kwangaphambili' phantsi kwemithetho elawulwa yi-FDA," utshilo isithethi.
Ibhodi yokubeka iliso yedatha kunye nokhuseleko sele sekiwe ukuphonononga ulwazi malunga nokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kogonyo lwe-COVID-19. Ibhodi inegunya lokukhawulezisa okanye lokumisa ulingo lwezonyango. Eli qela lincinane leengcali zenzululwazi ezingaphandle kwe-10 ukuya kwi-15 kunye neengcali zobalo lisebenza emfihlakalweni, ngokucacileyo libakhusela kuxinzelelo lwenkampani. Ubumfihlo, nangona kunjalo, bunokukhokelela kwimpembelelo engafanelekanga yeenkampani zamachiza. "Sifuna ukwazi ukuba bazimele ngokwenene," u-Eric Topol, ingcali yovavanyo lweklinikhi kwiSan Diego's Scripps Research, wathi. "Ukungabikho elubala kuyacaphukisa." Ibhodi yokhuseleko yongamela iimvavanyo ezenziwe nguModerna, uJohnson & Johnson kunye no-AstraZeneca. Kodwa iPfizer, ebonelela ngemali kulingo lwayo lweklinikhi, inephaneli yayo yokhuseleko yamalungu amahlanu.
Topol bagxekwa IModerna kunye nePfizer ngokubandakanya kwidatha yabo abantu ababenamatyala athambileyo e-COVID-19. U-Topol uthe ubungqina bokusebenza kwesitofu sokugonya buya komelela ngakumbi ukuba kuphela iimeko eziphakathi nezimandundu zibandakanyiwe. Ukongeza, uTopol waphosisa uPfizer kunye neModerna ngokuvuma kwabo ukumisa amalingo abo ekliniki kwangoko, nto leyo enokubonakalisa iyingozi kamva xa isitofu sokugonya sinikezelwa kwizigidi zabantu.
โThatha ixesha, iiveki ezongezelelweyo. Akukho ndlela zimfutshane. Akukho mntu uza kuzisola,โ ulumkise watsho uTopol. โBendisenza ulingo lwezonyango amashumi eminyaka. Andazi nokuba ibikhe yabakho eyona ibaluleke ukogqitha le. Ndingathanda ukuyibona isenziwa kakuhle, kwaye ingayeki kwangethuba.โ
Ukunyanzelisa kukaTrump ukuba afumane isitofu ngoSuku loNyulo akuhambelani nenyani.
Amalungu eNkongolo, imibutho yenkxaso kunye negosa langaphambili lolawulo licela i-Operation Warp Speed โโukukhulula izivumelwano zokugonya kunye neenkampani zamayeza. "Ulawulo lubonakala ngathi ludlala umdlalo wokucasha," uRep. Lloyd Doggett (D-Texas) xelelwe i-NPR.
Ulawulo lukaTrump aluzihoyanga izicelo zeNdlu yaBameli zolwazi malunga nenkcitho ye-COVID-19. "[R] ngoku, yonke le nkqubo igcwele ukuphazamiseka kwezopolitiko kunye nokungabikho elubala," uSen. Patty Murray, (D-Washington), ilungu elikwinqanaba leSenate Health, Education, Labour and Pension Committee, wabhala kwi mazwi ukuba I-NPR. "Ezi khontrakthi kufuneka zenziwe esidlangalaleni ukuze iCongress kunye nabantu baseMelika bangashiywa ebumnyameni - kuninzi kakhulu emngciphekweni."
URick Bright, owagxothwa njengomlawuli we Igunya loPhando lweBiomedical Advanced and Authority, fayile a khalaza Isikhalazo, sihlawulisa ukuba ezinye iikhontrakthi zomanyano ze-COVID-19 zanikezelwa ngokusekwe "ubudlelwane bezopolitiko kunye nobudlelwaneโ endaweni yobungqina benzululwazi. UBright uthe akukho sizathu sokuzifihla iikhontrakthi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba akrokre โukuba kukho into enika umdla abangafuni ukuyibhaqa.โ
Ukunyanzelisa kukaTrump ukuba afumane isitofu ngoSuku loNyulo akuhambelani nenyani. Kananjalo uqikelelo lweBig Pharma alwenzi. Iindlela ezimfutshane abagrogrisa ukuzithathela inzuzo yezopolitiko kwaye inzuzo enkulu ibeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko loluntu. Oko kufanele kusoyike sonke.
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