Ushicilelo olurhabaxa lwentetho eyanikelwa ngu-Andrej Grubacic njengenxalenye yeforam yeLife After Capitalism (WSF3, Porto Alegre, 2003.)
Umhlobo wam ubhale mva nje ukuba: โAkukho bani udinga enye -ism yenkulungwane ye-19, elinye igama elivalela kwaye lilungisa intsingiselo, elinye igama elihenda abantu abaninzi ekucaceni nasekuthuthuzelekeni kwebhokisi yehlelo kwaye likhokele abanye phambi iqela labadubulayo okanye ityala lomboniso. Iileyibhile zikhokelela ngokulula kubufundamentali, iibrendi ngokungathintelekiyo zizala ukunganyamezeli, ukuchaza iimfundiso, ukuchaza imfundiso, kunye nokuthintela ukubakho kotshintshoโ.
Kunzima ngokwenene ukungavumelani nesi simo sengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje kuluxanduva lwam kanye ukuzisa i -ism, kwaye yileyo - ism eyona mbono iphambili yentshukumo yentlalo yehlabathi yanamhlanje emva koMarxist. Yi-anarchism. Le ngcamango, ingcamango ye-anarchism, ifake umbala kwingqiqo "yentshukumo yeentshukumo" esithatha inxaxheba kuyo, kwaye igxininise ngombhalo obalulekileyo. I-Anarchism, i-paradigm yayo yeenqobo zokuziphatha, imele namhlanje inkuthazo esisiseko yentshukumo yethu, engaphantsi malunga nokuhlutha igunya likarhulumente kunokubhenca, ukucinywa kwemithetho kunye nokuchithwa kweendlela zolawulo ngelixa siphumelela izithuba ezihlala zikhulu zokuzimela kulo.
Yinjongo yam, kule mizuzu mibini ndinayo, ukuba ndiveze kuni ngokufutshane ngembali ye-anarchism, ukuze ndikwazi ukucebisa imodeli ye-anarchism yanamhlanje kunye neziphumo zeqhinga ezilandela ekwamkelweni okunjalo. imodeli.
Ndityekele ekubeni ndivumelane nabo babona i-anarchism njengotyekelo kwimbali yengcinga kunye nokusebenza komntu, utyekelo olungenako ukugqunywa yinkcazo-bungcali yengcamango jikelele, ezabalazela ukuchonga iziseko zentlalo ezinyanzelekileyo nezinegunya, ngokubuza umbuzo. ukuba semthethweni kwabo: ukuba abanakuphendula kulo mngeni, nto leyo edla ngokuba yimeko, ngoko i-anarchism iba ngumzamo wokunciphisa amandla abo kunye nokwandisa umda wenkululeko.
I-Anarchism, ke ngoko, yinto yentlalo kunye nemixholo yayo kunye nokubonakaliswa kokutshintsha kwezopolitiko ngokuhamba kwexesha. Enye into ekhethekileyo malunga ne-anarchism kukuba, ngokungafaniyo nazo zonke iimbono eziphambili, ayinakuze ibe nobukho obuzinzileyo nobuqhubekayo emhlabeni ngokuba kurhulumente okanye inxalenye yenkqubo yeqela. Imbali yayo kunye neempawu zangoku zimiselwa yenye into - imijikelo yomzabalazo wezopolitiko. Ngenxa yoko, i-anarchism inento 'yesizukulwana' ngengqiqo yokuba unokuchonga amanqanaba alumkileyo embali yawo ngokwexesha lomzabalazo ezabunjwa ngawo. . Ngokwendalo, njengalo naliphi na elinye ilinge lokucinga, eli nalo ligwetyelwe ukwenziwa lula. Ndiyathemba ukuba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba oku, kuya kuba luncedo ekuqondeni le nto yentlalontle.
Ngokwembali, inqanaba lokuqala layilwa yimizabalazo yodidi yaseYurophu ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 kwaye ibonakaliswe ngokwethiyori nangendlela ebonakalayo liqela le-Bakuninist kwi-1st international. Iqala ekuqhubeni ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1848, incopho kunye ne-Paris Commune (1871) kwaye iyancipha nge-80's.
Luhlobo olusaqalayo lwe-anarchism, oludibanisa kunye utyekelo lokuchasa urhulumente, ukuchasa ubungxowankulu kunye nokungakholelwa kuTixo ngeli lixa kugcinwe ukuxhomekeka okubalulekileyo kubasebenzi abanobuchule basezidolophini njengearhente yotshintsho. UBhekunin, laa mphuphi umangalisayo, laa โdynamite, ingengomntuโ, owathi, ngowe-1848, wakhwaza esithi โisimfoni kaBeethoven yeNinth kufuneka isindiswe kwimililo ezayo yenguqu yehlabathi ngexabiso lokuncama ubomi bomntuโ, uye washiyelwa kuthi enye yezona nkcazo zintle kwaye mhlawumbi zichaneke zengcamango enye ekhokelayo ngaphakathi kwesithethe se-anarchist: "Ndingumthandi wenkululeko, ndiyigqala njengeyona meko ikhethekileyo apho ubukrelekrele, isidima kunye nolonwabo lomntu lunokukhula kwaye lukhule; ingeyiyo inkululeko esesikweni evunyiweyo, elinganiselweyo nelawulwa nguRhulumente, ubuxoki obungenasiphelo obungameli nto ngaphandle kwelungelo labathile elisekelwe kubukhoboka babanye; ingeyiyo inkululeko yokuzikhethela, ukuzingca, ubuqhophololo, kunye nenkululeko eyintsomi ezukiswa siSikolo sikaJ. I-Rousseau kunye nezinye izikolo ze-bourgeois liberalism, eziqwalasela amalungelo aza kuba ngamalungelo awo onke amadoda, amelwe nguRhulumente obeka umda amalungelo ngamnye - ingcamango ekhokelela ngokungenakunqandwa ekuncitshisweni kwamalungelo ngamnye kwi-zero. Hayi, ndithetha kuphela uhlobo lwenkululeko olufanele igama, inkululeko equlathe uphuhliso olupheleleyo lwazo zonke izinto eziphathekayo, amandla okuqonda nawokuziphatha afihlwe emntwini ngamnye; inkululeko engaqapheliyo izithintelo ngaphandle kwaleyo imiselwe yimithetho yendalo yethu yomntu ngamnye, engenakuthathwa ngokufanelekileyo njengezithintelo njengoko le mithetho ingamiselwanga nguye nawuphi na umceli-mthetho ongaphandle okanye ophezu kwethu, kodwa yeyangaphambili kwaye yemvelo, isenza isiseko kanye. bobuntu bethu, ubukrelekrele kunye nokuziphatha kwethu - azisithinteli kodwa ziimeko zokwenyani nezikhawulezayo zenkululeko yethu".
Inqanaba lesibini, elisusela kwiminyaka yee-1890 ukuya kutsho kwimfazwe yamakhaya yaseRashiya, libona utshintsho olukhulu oluya kutsho eMpuma Yurophu yaye ngaloo ndlela kugxininiswa ngakumbi kulimo. Ngokwethiyori kulapho iKropotkin's anarcho-communism yeyona nto ibalaseleyo. Iphezulu kunye nomkhosi kaMakhno kwaye iqhubela phambili, emva koloyiso lwamaBolshevik, ukuya kumbindi weYurophu. Inqanaba lesithathu, ukusuka kwi-20 ukuya ekupheleni kwe-40s, liphinde ligxininise kuMbindi kunye neNtshona Yurophu kwaye liphinde lijoliswe kumashishini.
Ngokwethiyori yincopho ye-anarcho-syndicalism, kunye nomsebenzi omninzi owenziwa ngabathinjwa abavela eRashiya. Ngalo mzuzu umahluko phakathi kwezithethe ezibini ezisisiseko kwimbali ye-anarchism uye wabonakala ngokucacileyo: i-anarcho-communist kwaye umntu unokucinga, athi, nge-Kropotkin njengommeli- kwaye, kwelinye icala, enye ye-anarcho-syndicalism elula. ithathelwe ingqalelo izimvo ze-anarchist njengeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yolungelelwaniso loluntu oluntsonkothileyo, oluhambele phambili kwezoshishino. Kwaye olo tyekelo kwi-anarchism ludibanisa, okanye lunxibelelana, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zephiko lasekhohlo likaMarx, onobubele obufumanayo, uthi, kwiBhunga lamaKomanisi akhulele kwisithethe saseLuxembourg kwaye kamva amelwe, ngendlela eyonwabisayo, ngabathiyori bakaMarx njengoAnton Pannekoek.
Emva kokuba iWW2 i-anarchism ibe nokudodobala okukhulu ngenxa yokwakhiwa ngokutsha kwezoqoqosho kunye nemiphezulu kuphela kwimizabalazo echasene nama impiriyali eMzantsi, nangona kunjalo, elawulwa yimpembelelo ye-pro-Soviet. Imizabalazo yeminyaka yama-60s kunye neye-70s ayizange iqulathe ukunyuka okunzulu kwe-anarchism, eyayisathwele ubunzima bembali yayo kwaye yayingenako ukuziqhelanisa nolwimi olutsha lwezopolitiko olungasekelwanga kudidi. Ngaloo ndlela unokufumana ukuthambekela kwe-anarchist kumaqela ahluke kakhulu ukusuka kwintshukumo echasene nemfazwe, i-feminism, imeko, amandla amnyama njl., kodwa ayisiyiyo nayiphi na into ebonakalayo njenge-anarchism. Ngokucacileyo amaqela 'e-anarchist' ukusuka kweli xesha aye ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwenkcazo yezigaba ezibini ezidlulileyo (ubukomanisi kunye ne-revolutionary syndicalist), kunye namahlelo - endaweni yokubandakanya ezi ndlela zintsha zokuthetha kwezopolitiko baye bazivalela kubo kwaye bahlala bezamkela kakhulu. Iitshatha eziqinileyo ezifana ne-anarchist yento ebizwa ngokuba yi-"platformist" yesiko le-Maknoist. Ke esi 'siporho' isizukulwana sesine.
Ukufika ngoku, sinezizukulwana ezibini ezikhoyo phakathi kwe-anarchism: abantu abaqulunqwa kwezopolitiko kwiminyaka yama-60 kunye nama-70s (okwenene kukuphindukuzalwa kwesizukulwana sesibini nesesithathu), kunye nabantu abancinci abanolwazi oluthe kratya, phakathi kwabo. eminye imiba, ngengcinga yemveli, yobufazi, i-ikholoji nenkcubeko-ukugxeka. Eyangaphambili ikhona njengee-Anarchist Federations ezahlukeneyo, i-IWW, IWA, NEFAC kunye nokunye. Ukuzalwa kwalo mva kugqame kakhulu kuthungelwano lwentshukumo entsha yentlalontle. Ngokombono wam iPeoples Global Action lelona lungu liphambili kwisizukulwana sesihlanu sangoku se-anarchism. Into edidayo ngamanye amaxesha kukuba enye yeempawu ze-anarchism yangoku kukuba abantu kunye namaqela abo abadla ngokubhekisa kubo njenge-anarchists. Kukho abanye abathatha imigaqo ye-anarchist yokuchasa amahlelo kunye nokungabi nasiphelo njengento ebaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba ngamanye amaxesha baye bafune ukuzibiza 'ngoo-anarchists' ngeso sizathu.
Kodwa izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo ezisebenza kuzo zonke iziboniso ze-anarchist ideology zikho ngokuqinisekileyo - anti-statism, anti-capitalism kunye nepolitiki yangaphambili (okt iindlela zombutho eziqondayo zifana nehlabathi ofuna ukulenza. Okanye, njengombhali-mbali we-anarchist we-revolution eSpeyin uye waqulunqa "inzame zokucinga kungekuphela nje ngeengcamango kodwa izibakala zekamva ngokwalo".) Oku kukho kuyo nantoni na ukusuka kwi-jamming collectives ukuya kwi-Indy media, zonke ezinokuthiwa yi-anarchist kunye nokuqonda ukuba thina zibhekisa kuhlobo olutsha . Kukho iqondo elilinganiselweyo lokudityaniswa phakathi kwezi zizukulwana zimbini zikhoyo, ubukhulu becala ithatha imo yokulandela okwenziwa sisinye - kodwa hayi ngakumbi.
Ingxaki esisiseko egquba kwi-anarchism yangoku, yileyo iphakathi kweengcinga zesithethe kunye nezanamhlanje ze-anarchism. Kuzo zombini ezi meko singamangqina โokusaba kwisithetheโ sohlobo lwako.
Ndicinga ukuba "abakwa-anarchists bemveli" abasiqondi ngokupheleleyo isiko. Kwa igama elithi โisikoโ lineentsingiselo ezimbini zezembali: ezizezi, enye iqhelekile kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu, kwaye leyo yintsingiselo yentsomi โ โiintsomi, iinkolelo, amasiko nezithethe zokuziphathaโ, ngelixa enye intsingiselo ingaqhelekanga, kwaye leyo yintsingiselo yentsomi. uyafunda: gqithisa, nikezela phantsi, chaza, nikela, cebisa . Kutheni nditsalela ingqalelo, kodwa ndiphinde ndigxininise kakhulu, lo mahluko kwingcaciso yegama elithi isiko? Kanye ngenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba igama elithi isiko linokuthi, kwimbali yeengcamango, liqondwe ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Enye indlela (mhlawumbi ixhaphake kakhulu) kukuba isithethe samkelwa njengesakhiwo esigqityiweyo esingenako okanye akufanele sitshintshwe ngokuqhubekayo, kodwa kufuneka sigcinwe kwisimo saso esiqinileyo kwaye sidluliselwe kwixesha elizayo, singatshintshi. Ukuqonda okunjalo kwesithethe kuqhagamshelwe kuloo nxalenye yendalo yomntu ekubhekiswa kuyo njenge-conservative, kwaye etyekele ekuziphatheni okubambekayo, uFreud angade athi "ukunyanzeliswa kokuphindaphinda". Enye intsingiselo yesiko, endiyithethelelayo apha, inxulumene nendlela entsha neyilayo yokuvuselela amava esithethe. Okunjalo, masithi ngoko nangoko, indlela eyakhayo yokuhambisa, iye yaqaliswa ukusebenza kwelinye icala lendalo yoluntu ngokubanzi, ethathwa njengenguquko okwethutyana, ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yenyaniso echazwe ngokuxakayo: umnqweno wotshintsho kwaye, kwangaxeshanye. ixesha, imfuneko enempilo ukuhlala efanayo.
Olunye uhlobo "lokuphuncuka kwisithethe" lulo olubalekela kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokutolika emva kwale mihla ye-anarchism.
Ndicinga ukuba lixesha elithile, ukucaphula uMax Weber, "i-dis-illusioning" ye-anarchism, ukuvuswa kwephupha le-post-modernist nihilism, i-anti-rationalism, i-neo-primitivism, i-terrorism yenkcubeko, "i-simulacrums". Ixesha lokubuyisela i-anarchism kwimeko yengqondo kunye nezopolitiko yeprojekthi ye-Enlightenment ayikho enye into ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuba "ulwazi lwenjongo sisixhobo sokusetyenziswa ukuze abantu bathathe izigqibo ezizisiweyo ngokwabo". Isizathu, utsho umzobo wodumo weGoya, awuvelisi izilo xa uphupha, kodwa xa ulele.
Ndingathi namhlanje ingxoxo phakathi kwezizukulwana ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwe-anarchism yanamhlanje iyimfuneko. I-anarchism yale mihla izaliswe ziimpikiswano ezininzi. Akwanelanga ukunikezela kumkhwa woninzi lweengcinga ze-anarchist zangoku ezigxininisa kwii-dichotomies. Kuya kuba kuhle ukulahla kuphela "okanye - okanye" indlela yokucinga, kwaye ungene kwiingxoxo, ukukhangela ukudibanisa. Ngaba imodeli enjalo yokwenziwa inokwenzeka? Kubonakala kum ukuba kunjalo.
Imodeli entsha ye-anarchism yanamhlanje, enokuthi iqondwe namhlanje kwintlangano entsha yentlalontle, ngulowo ugxininisa ekwandiseni ugxininiso oluchasene noogunyaziwe, kunye nokulahla ukuncitshiswa kodidi. Imodeli enjalo izama ukuqonda "into yonke yokulawula", oko kukuthi, "ukugqamisa urhulumente kuphela kodwa kunye nobudlelwane besini, kwaye kungekuphela nje uqoqosho kodwa nobudlelwane benkcubeko kunye ne-ecology, isini, kunye nenkululeko ngayo yonke indlela enokufunwa ngayo. , kwaye nganye ingeyiyo kuphela iprism yobudlelwane begunya, kodwa isekelwe kwiingcamango ezityebileyo kunye nezahlukeneyo. Le modeli ayichazi nje itekhnoloji nganye, kodwa iyaqhelana nayo kwaye isebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zetekhnoloji ngokufanelekileyo. Ayichazi nje kuphela amaziko, okanye iifomu zezopolitiko, kodwa izama ukuqulunqa amaziko amatsha kunye neendlela ezintsha zezopolitiko zokukhuthaza uluntu kunye noluntu olutsha, kubandakanya iindlela ezintsha zokuhlangana, iindlela ezintsha zokwenza izigqibo, iindlela ezintsha zokulwa. ukulungelelaniswa, njalo njalo, kutshanje kuquka amaqela obudlelwane obuvuselelweyo kunye nezakhiwo zee-spokes zoqobo. Kwaye ayichazi nje kuphela uhlaziyo, kodwa iyasokola ukuchaza nokuphumelela uhlaziyo olungaguquguqukiyo, ithathele ingqalelo iimfuno ezikhawulezileyo zabantu kunye nokwenza ngcono ubomi babantu ngoku kunye nokubheka phambili kwiinzuzo, kwaye ekugqibeleni iinzuzo zenguqu, kwixa elizayo. .โ
I-Anarchism inokusebenza kuphela ukuba iqulethe izinto ezintathu, ezibandakanya, imibutho: imibutho yabasebenzi, amatsha ntliziyo kunye nabaphandi. Usenza njani isiseko se-anarchism yanamhlanje kwinqanaba lengqondo, i-syndicate, kunye nenqanaba elidumileyo? Kukho ungenelelo oluninzi oluxhasa enye i-anarchism, enokuthi ikwazi ukukhuthaza amaxabiso endiwakhankanyileyo ngasentla. Okokuqala, ndicinga ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba i-anarchism iguquke. Ndithetha ukuthini ngale nto? Umzabalazo wengqondo kufuneka uqinise indawo yawo kwi-anarchism yanamhlanje.Kubonakala ngathi enye yobuthathaka obusisiseko bentshukumo ye-anarchist namhlanje, malunga nexesha, yithi, i-Kropotkin okanye i-Recluse, okanye i-Herbert Read, kanye nokungahoywa komfuziselo, kwaye ukujongela phantsi ukusebenza kwethiyori.
Endaweni yokuba i-anarchists igxeke i-Marxists eyaziwayo emva kwe-fairy-tale "Empire", kufuneka babhale i-anarchist Empire. Unqulo lukaMarxist, ixesha elide, lubhekiselele kwithiyori kwaye, ngoku, luzinike inkangeleko yezesayensi kunye nokwenzeka kokusebenza njengethiyori. Into efunwa yi-anarchism namhlanje kukoyiswa kobugqwirha obugqithisileyo obuchasene nobukrelekrele nobukrelekrele. NjengoNoam Chomsky, nam andinalo uvelwano okanye umonde ngezimvo ezinjalo. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ukuphikisana phakathi kwesayensi kunye ne-anarchism akufanele kube khona: โ Kwisithethe se-anarchist kuye kwakho imvakalelo ethile yokuba kukho into ehleliweyo okanye ecinezelayo ngesayensi ngokwayo. Akukho ngxoxo endiyaziyo ngokungabi nangqiqo, andicingi ukuba iindlela zenzululwazi zifikelela kuyo nantoni na ngaphezu kokuba nengqiqo, kwaye andisiboni isizathu sokuba i-anarchist ingabi nengqiqoโ. NjengoChomsky, ndinomonde onganeno kumkhwa ongaqhelekanga othe wasasazeka, kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo, ngaphakathi kwe-anarchism ngokwayo: ""Indichukumisa kakhulu into yokuba iinkcubabuchopho ezishiyekileyo namhlanje kufuneka zifune ukubahlutha abantu abacinezelweyo kungekuphela nje ulonwabo lokuqonda kunye nokuqonda. , kodwa kunye nezixhobo zenkululeko, ezisazisa ukuba iprojekthi yoKhanya ifile, ukuba kufuneka silahle iingcamango zesayensi kunye nengqiqo - umyalezo oya kuvuyisa iintliziyo zamandla ... "
Phambi kwethu, ukuya phambili, kulele isabelo sokubona uhlobo lomphandi we-anarchist. Inokuba yintoni indima yomphandi we-anarchist? Ngokuqinisekileyo akazukufundisa, njengoko zisenza iinkcuba-buchopho zasekhohlo. Akufanele abe ngutitshala, kodwa umntu ocinga ngendima entsha nenzima kakhulu: kufuneka amamele, ahlolisise kwaye afumanise. Indima yakhe kukubhentsisa umdla wabantu ababalaseleyo abafihlwe ngocoselelo kwiingxoxo ekucingelwa ukuba zineenjongo.
Kufuneka ancede amatsha ntliziyo kwaye abanike izibakala. Kuyimfuneko ukuyila indlela entsha yonxibelelwano phakathi kwamatsha ntliziyo kunye nabaphengululi bamatshantliziyo. Kuyimfuneko ukwenza inkqubo edityanisiweyo eya kudibanisa izazinzulu ze-liberterian, abasebenzi kunye namatsha ntliziyo. Kuyimfuneko ukufumana amaziko anarchist, uphononongo, uluntu lwenzululwazi, ngamazwe. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ihlelo, ngelishwa into exhaphake kakhulu kwi-anarchism yanamhlanje, iya kuthi ngale ndlela iwakhulule amandla ayo, njengesiphumo somzamo onjalo. Enye yeenzame ezicwangcisiweyo zokuchasa uqhekeko kwi-anarchism yanamhlanje luphawu lwehlabathi elitsha le-anarchist, endisandula ukulinikwa, kwaye ngoku ndiza kunifundela lona.
I-ANArchIST INTERNATIONAL linyathelo elijoliswe ekuboneleleni ngendawo yee-anarchists kuzo zonke iindawo zehlabathi ezinqwenela ukuvakalisa umanyano lwazo omnye nomnye, ukuququzelela unxibelelwano nonxibelelaniso, ukufunda kwiinzame zomnye namava, nokukhuthaza ilizwi le-anarchist elinamandla ngakumbi kwaye Imbono kwezopolitiko ezibukhali kuyo yonke indawo, kodwa abanqwenela ukwenza njalo ngendlela ekhabayo yonke into elandela ihlelo, i-vanguardism, kunye ne-revolutionary elitism. Asiyiboni i-anarchism njengefilosofi eyaqanjwa ngenkulungwane ye-19 yaseYurophu, kodwa endaweni yoko, njengethiyori kunye nokusebenza kwenkululeko - loo nkululeko yokwenyani ayakhelwanga emqolo kwabanye-umbono oye wafunyanwa ngokungapheliyo, waphupha kwaye waliwa. kulo lonke ilizwekazi nakwixesha ngalinye lembali yoluntu. I-Anarchism iya kuhlala inewaka lemicu, kuba iyantlukwano iya kuhlala iyinxalenye yenkululeko, kodwa ukudala iiwebhu zobumbano kunokwenza zonke zibe namandla ngakumbi.
********* AMANQAKU: *********
I-1) Siyi-anarchists kuba sikholelwa ukuba inkululeko kunye nolonwabo lwabantu luya kuqinisekiswa ngokugqwesileyo luluntu olusekelwe kwimigaqo yokuzihlanganisa, umbutho wokuzithandela, kunye nokuncedisana, kwaye ngenxa yokuba siyala zonke iintlobo zobudlelwane boluntu olusekelwe kubundlobongela obucwangcisiweyo. njengombuso okanye ubungxowankulu.
2) Nangona kunjalo, sichasene kakhulu namahlelo, apho sithetha izinto ezimbini:
a) asizami ukunyanzelisa naluphi na uhlobo lwe-anarchism kwenye enye: I-Platformist, i-Syndicalist, i-Primitivist, i-Insurrectionist okanye nayiphi na enye. Kananjalo asinqweneli kukhuphela ngaphandle nabani na kwesi siseko - siyayixabisa iyantlukwano njengomgaqo-siseko ngokwawo, osikelwe umda kuphela kukuchaswa kwethu okuqhelekileyo kweziseko zolawulo ezinjengobuhlanga, ubuhlanga, ubufundamentali, njl.
b) kuba sibona i-anarchism ingeyiyo imfundiso njengenkqubo yokushukuma ukuya kuluntu olukhululekileyo, olunobulungisa, noluzinzileyo, sikholelwa ukuba i-anarchists ayifanele iphelele ekusebenzisaneni nabo bazichaza njenge-anarchists, kodwa kufuneka bafune ngenkuthalo. ukusebenzisana naye nabani na osebenzela ukudala ihlabathi elisekelwe kwimigaqo efanayo yenkululeko ebanzi, kwaye, eneneni, ukufunda kuyo. Enye yeenjongo zeZizwe ngezizwe kukuququzelela oku: zombini ukwenza kube lula kuthi ukuzisa ezinye zezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela, ngokusebenzayo, ii-anarchists ngaphandle kokwazi, ukunxibelelana neengcinga zabanye abaye basebenza kuloo nto. isithethe esifanayo, kwaye, kwangaxeshanye, ukutyebisa isithethe se-anarchist ngokwaso ngokudibana namava abo
3) Siyazigatya zonke iintlobo ze-vanguardism kwaye sikholelwa ukuba indima efanelekileyo ye-anarchist intellectual (indima ekufuneka ivulekele wonke umntu) kukuthatha inxaxheba kwingxoxo eqhubekayo: ukufunda kumava okwakhiwa koluntu kunye nomzabalazo kunye ubuyisele iziqhamo zokucamngca ngaloo mava kungekhona ngomoya wegunya, kodwa ngesipho
4) Nabani na owamkela le migaqo ulilungu le-Anarchist International kwaye wonke umntu olilungu le-Anarchist International uxhotyisiwe ukuba abe sisithethi ukuba unqwenela njalo. Ngenxa yokuba sixabisa iyantlukwano, asilindelanga ukufana kweembono ngaphandle kokwamkelwa kwemigaqo ngokwayo (kwaye, ewe, siyavuma ukuba iyantlukwano enjalo ikhona)
5) Ulungelelwaniso aluloxabiso ngokwalo okanye ububi ngokwalo; inqanaba lesakhiwo sombutho esifanelekileyo kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi okanye umsebenzi othile awunakuchazwa kwangaphambili kodwa unokumiselwa kuphela ngabo babandakanyekayo kuyo. Ke ngayo nayiphi na iprojekthi eqalwe ngaphakathi kwiZizwe ngezizwe: kufuneka kuxhomekeke kwabo bayenzayo ukumisela uhlobo kunye nenqanaba lombutho ofanele loo projekthi. Okwangoku, akukho mfuneko yolwakhiwo lokuthatha izigqibo lweZizwe ngezizwe ngokwalo kodwa ukuba kwixesha elizayo amalungu avakalelwa kukuba kufanele ukuba kubekho, kuya kuba phezu kweqela ngokwalo ukugqiba ukuba le nkqubo kufuneka isebenze njani, ngaphandle kokuba ngaphakathi kumoya obanzi wokunabisa amagunya kunye nedemokhrasi ethe ngqo.
Ngaphaya koko, i-anarchism kufuneka iguqukele kumava eminye imibutho yezentlalo. Kufuneka ifakwe kwizifundo zenzululwazi yentlalo eqhubekayo. Kufuneka idityaniswe nezimvo ezivela kwizangqa ezikufutshane ne-anarchism. Masenze umzekelo ngombono wothatho-nxaxheba loqoqosho, olumele umbono we-anarchist economist wokugqwesa nowongezelela kwaye ulungise isithethe soqoqosho lwe-anarchist. Kwakhona bekuya kuba bubulumko ukuphulaphula loo mazwi alumkisa ngobukho iindidi ezintathu eziphambili kubukhapitali obuhambele phambili, kungekhona nje ezimbini. Kukwakho nolunye udidi lwabantu, udidi lomnxibelelanisi oluphawulwe ngaba bachwephesha. Indima yabo kukulawula umsebenzi wabasebenzi. Le yiklasi ebandakanya ubume bolawulo kunye nabacebisi abaqeqeshiweyo nabacebisi abaphambili kwinkqubo yabo yolawulo - njengamagqwetha, iinjineli eziphambili kunye nabagcini-mali, njalo njalo. Banendawo yabo eklasini ngenxa yokulawulwa kwabo bodwa kulwazi, izakhono kunye nonxibelelwano. Oku kubenza bakwazi ukufikelela kwizikhundla abakuzo kuluhlu lwequmrhu norhulumente.
Enye into ekufuneka uyiqaphele malunga neklasi yomququzeleli kukuba iyakwazi ukuba yiklasi elawulayo. Le yintsingiselo yokwenyani yembali yeSoviet Union kunye namanye amazwe abizwa ngokuba ngamaKomanisi. Ngokwenyani ziinkqubo ezixhobisa udidi lomnxibelelanisi.
Okokugqibela, ndiyakholelwa ukuba i-anarchism yanamhlanje kufuneka iguqukele ekuboneni umbono wezopolitiko.
Oku akuthethi ukuba izikolo ezahlukeneyo ze-anarchism azizange zikhuthaze iindlela ezithile zombutho wezentlalo, nangona zihlala ziphikisana ngokuphawulekayo. Noko ke, ngokusisiseko, i-anarchism xa iyonke yaqhubela phambili oko oonkululeko bakubiza ngokuba 'yinkululeko engafanelekanga,' oko kukuthi, 'inkululeko esemthethweni' kunokuba 'inkululeko yokufumana.'
Ngokwenene, i-anarchism yayidla ngokubhiyozela ukuzibophelela kwayo kwinkululeko engafanelekanga njengobungqina bokubumba izininzi, ukunyamezela iimbono, okanye ukuyila. Medjutim, ukusilela kwe-anarchism ekuchazeni iimeko zembali ezaziya kwenza kube nokwenzeka ibutho labantu elingenammiselo kwavelisa iingxaki kwiingcamango ze-anarchist ezingekaconjululwa unanamhla. Omnye umhlobo, kungekudala kwixesha elidlulileyo, wandixelela ukuba โnina benzi bobubi nisoloko nizabalazela ukugcina izandla zenu zicocekile, ukuze ekugqibeleni nishiywe ningenazandla konke konke.โ Ndiyakholelwa ukuba le nkcazo ihambelana ngqo nokunqongophala kokucinga okunzulu malunga nombono wezopolitiko.
UPierre Joseph Proudhon uzame ukwenza umfanekiso wekhonkrithi woluntu olukhululekile. Iinzame zakhe zajika zasilela, kwaye zijongwe ngokwembono yam, zazinganelisi kwaphela. Nangona kunjalo, oku kusilela akufuneki kusidimaze, koko kwalathe kwindlela elandelwa, umzekelo, izazi ngendalo kuMntla Melika โ indlela ekhokelela ekuyilweni kombono wezopolitiko we-anarchist. Imodeli ye-Anarchist kufuneka ibandakanye ilinge lokuphendula umbuzo: "zeziphi iiseti ezipheleleyo ze-anarchist zeendlela ezichanekileyo zamaziko kunezindlu zowiso-mthetho zangoku, iinkundla, amapolisa, kunye nee-arhente zolawulo ezahlukeneyo. "Ukubonelela ngombono wezopolitiko obandakanya umthetho, ukuphunyezwa, ukugweba, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwaye obonisa indlela nganye eya kufezwa ngayo ngokufanelekileyo ngendlela engeyiyo yogunyaziso, ukukhuthaza iziphumo ezilungileyo akuyi kubonelela ngokusebenza kwethu kwangoku ithemba elide elifunekayo, ibiya kwazisa neempendulo zethu ezikhawulezileyo kunyulo lwanamhlanje, uwiso-mthetho, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho, nenkqubo yeenkundla, yaye ngaloo ndlela uninzi lweendlela zethu zokhetho.โ
Okokugqibela, ingaba ziziphi iimpembelelo zeqhinga lokukhuthazwa kwemodeli enjalo?
Ndiye, amatyeli amaninzi ndinxibelelana namatsha ntliziyo e-anarchist, ndeva isindululo sobuchule endingenaluvelwano okanye ingcaciso ngalo. Bathi, kufuneka senze umgudu kwaye siphile mbi ngakumbi ukuze izinto zibe ngcono. Ngokuchasene nale ngqiqo ingaqhelekanga, efundeka "imbi, ingcono", ndicinga ukuba kuya kuba bubulumko, kwaye kunengqiqo ngakumbi, ukuphulaphula iingcebiso ze-anarchists zase-Argentina ezikhuthaza isicwangciso "sokwandisa umgangatho wekheji" . Isicwangciso esinjalo siya kuqonda, endaweni yoko, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukulwela kunye nokuphumelela uhlaziyo olufutshane lwe-revolution ngendlela yokuba zombini ziphucule iimeko kunye neendlela zokhetho zabantu ngoku, kwaye oko kudala amathuba oloyiso ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo. Esi sicwangciso siya kuqonda, oko kukuthi, ukuba ngummeli woluntu olutsha akugunyazisi ukutyeshela iintlungu nokubandezeleka kwabantu ngoku, kodwa siqinisekisa ukuba xa sisebenzela ukulungisa iingxaki ezikhoyo kunye nokusebenza ukwenza izinto zibe ngcono ngokukhawuleza, kufuneka senze njalo. ngeendlela eziphakamisa ukuqonda kwethu, ukuxhobisa abantu bethu, kunye nokuphuhlisa imibutho yethu kwaye ke oko kukhokelela kumzila weenguqu eziqhubekayo ezikhokelela ekuchazeni okutsha kweziseko zoqoqosho nezentlalo. Ukwandisa umgangatho we-cage akuyi kugxotha imizabalazo efutshane yabantu kwimivuzo ephezulu, ukuphela kwemfazwe, inyathelo lokuqinisekisa, iimeko ezingcono zokusebenza, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokuthatha inxaxheba, irhafu eqhubekayo okanye i-radical, iveki elifutshane lomsebenzi kunye nomvuzo opheleleyo, ukuphelisa I-IMF, okanye nayiphi na enye into - kuba iya kuhlonipha ubunyani bendlela ukuqonda kwabantu kunye nemibutho ephuhla ngayo ngomzabalazo, kwaye, ngokungqongqo iluthintele uhlobo lwendelelo phakathi kwamatsha ntliziyo ngemigudu yabantu yenkalipho yokuphucula umgangatho wobomi babo.
Ukuqukumbela, ndicinga ukuba imodeli enjalo ye-anarchism yanamhlanje inokuba nendima ebalulekileyo ekuyakhiweni, phakathi kwezinto ezoyikisayo zangoku zongxowankulu, intshukumo ye-post-Marxist eya kuthi ibuyise iinqobo zokuKhanya kwaye ibenze ekugqibeleni baqonde amandla abo apheleleyo. .
Enkosi.
* Ndingathanda ukubulela abahlobo bam uDavid Graeber, u-Uri Gordon noMichael Albert. Naluphi na uluvo olufunda apha lunokuthi ngenene luyilwe ngomnye wabo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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