Incwadi kaDennis O'Hearn esanda kupapashwa, Akukho nto ngaphandle kweNgoma engekagqitywa: uBobby Sands, i-Irish Hunger Striker ekhuphe isizukulwana, Iincwadi zeSizwe, libali elikhuthazayo nelixhokonxa ingcinga lemvukelo kunye nokudalwa koluntu. Lo mhla we-5 kuCanzibe uphawula isikhumbuzo seminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithandathu wabhubhayo uBobby Sands, owabhubhela esentolongweni ngethuba elambile.
U-Andrej Grubacic kunye no-Marina Sitrin babe nethuba elimangalisayo lokuthetha noDennis malunga nencwadi yakhe, kunye nokucamngca kunye malunga namathuba kunye nokunciphisa imizabalazo yokuzimela namhlanje. UDennis wabelane โXa ndiqala uphando lwam bendicinga ukuba ndibhala incwadi malunga noBobby Sands, umhlaseli olambileyo. Kuba wayengumfanekiso wokuchasa kodwa ekwangumntsonkotha, ndandingazi nokuba ndingathanda na uBobby Sands okanye hayi, okanye zithini iimpawu zakhe eziphawulekayoโฆ Kodwa njengoko ndandithetha nabantu abaninzi ngakumbi ngaye, ukususela ebuntwaneni bakhe ukuya kutsho. Ukubandakanyeka kwakhe kwangethuba kwi-IRA kunye namaxesha akhe amabini entolongweni, ndaqonda ukuba ndibhala incwadi malunga noBobby Sands, umntu kunye nomlweli wezopolitiko, kunokuba uBobby Sands olambileyo. Oko akuthethi ukuba iinxalenye zokugqibela zale ncwadi zineemvakalelo kakhulu. Ibali lokusweleka kukaBobby Sands, njengabanye abahlatywa yindlala abasithoba abaswelekayo, libuhlungu kakhulu. Kodwa ubomi bukaBobby Sands ekugqibeleni libali elikhuthazayo lendlela indoda eyazoyisa ngayo ezona ndlela zigqithisileyo zengcinezelo ukuze aveze inkululeko yakhe yobuqu kunye nenkululeko edibeneyo yamabanjwa angoowabo ngokwakha ubumbano, ukukhulisa isimilo, kunye nokukhokela ngempumelelo nangokuyila. iindlela zoqhankqalazo. Libali elifanele ukunika inkuthazo kunye nomyalelo kungekuphela nje kumatsha ntliziyo asentolongweni okanye kumatsha ntliziyo axhobileyo kodwa kuwo onke amatsha ntliziyo aza ngokuchasene namandla akrwada karhulumenteโ.
A & M: Ngaba ungathetha ngezinye zezopolitiko ezaziphuhliswa nguBobby Sands kunye nabanye ngelixa besentolongweni, ngakumbi okokuqala bevalelwa. Ngokomzekelo, kwiSahluko sesibhozo, Ukufunda ukuvukela, kukho ingxoxo enkulu kungekhona nje ngokukhula kokuchaswa kwamahlelo kaBobby nabanye, kodwa babethetha ngokudalwa kohlobo olwahlukileyo lwezopolitiko ngokupheleleyo. Uninzi lwento ababexubusha ngayo yayimalunga nokudala uluntu olufanelekileyo kwixesha elizayo, nto leyo abaninzi abayibiza ngokuba yipolitiki yokomfuziselo. Kubonakala ngathi bebecinga ngobunkokeli ngendlela enika umdla, njengento eyinto esebenza ngaphakathi kuluntu. Ngaba ungathetha ngakumbi ngalo mbono, kwanangeminye yemisebenzi abayenzayo ebumelwaneni xa babekhululwa?
YENZA: Ubethe eyona nto ndiyifumene inomdla kwaye ikhuthaza kakhulu kuphando lwam ngoBobby Sands. Abantu abaninzi bayamncoma uBobby Sands kuba wafela isizathu sakhe kunye namaqabane akhe. Kodwa ibali lobomi bakhe kukukwazi kwakhe ukuziqala ngokutsha njengetshantliziyo. Ngokwenza oko akazange atshintshe nje ukuqonda kwakhe kwezopolitiko kodwa ngokubalulekileyo watshintsha indlela yakhe yokwenza izinto. Ixesha lakhe lokuqala entolongweni, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, liphawuleka kuba yena nabantu ababemngqongile babekhula ngokukhawuleza ekuqondeni kwabo kwezopolitiko. Ukuze benze oko, kwakufuneka bacinge ngezinto ezininzi ababezithathe lula kumava abo angaphambili njengabavukeli basezidolophini. I-IRA yoBonelelo ngeendlela ezininzi yayiyintshukumo yobuzwe egcinayo kwaye, njengombutho okhuselayo, yatyibilika ngokulula kwizenzo ezaziyimifanekiso yesipili yamaProtestanti okanye amahlelo athembekileyo. Uhlobo lwayo lombutho kunye nolwakhiwo lomyalelo lwalukhangeleka njengomkhosi oqhelekileyo kunomkhosi wabanqolobi. Kwakukho imiba ethile echanekileyo yokuphendula kuyo, njengendima ye-elitist yabaphathi kunye nesohlwayo sabo samadoda aphule phantsi kwemibuzo. Kwiintsuku zokuqala zikaBobby entolongweni, yena kunye namaqabane akhe baqala ukuzibuza ezi zinto njengoko befunda iincwadi zakudala zoncwadi, ngokukodwa ezivela kwi-Latin America, kuquka nemisebenzi efana ne-Reminiscences kaGuevara yeMfazwe yeNguquko yaseCuba. Baqala ukubuza ukuba ngaba bangakwazi na ukuququzelela ngendlela edibeneyo, kunye neziseko zomyalelo ezingaqini, iingxoxo zezopolitiko kunye neengxoxo, kunye nokulingana kwimisebenzi kunye nemisebenzi yabo, ukusuka ekucoceni izindlu zangasese ukuya kwiiklasi zokuqhuba kunye nemikhosi yasemkhosini. Kwasekuqaleni, kwanangaphambi kokuba bazi ngokupheleleyo imiphumo yendlela yabo entsha yokucinga, baqalisa ukuzihlanganisa ngendlela emanyeneyo, baqalisa ookopolotyeni ukuze babelane ngomsebenzi wasentolongweni okanye benze imisebenzi yezandla ukuze bafumane imali yeentsapho zamabanjwa. .
Emva koko, xa uGerry Adams kunye nabanye abantu abaphambili bafika kwindawo yabo, baqala ukutshintsha yonke intshukumo ngaphakathi kwentolongo. I-IRA itshintshe izakhiwo zayo kwiimodeli ezisebenzayo ngakumbi, kubandakanywa nesakhiwo seseli esifana ne-FLN yaseAlgeria. Kodwa, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, u-Adams ukhuthaze amabanjwa amancinane ukuba axoxe ngendlela anokutshintsha ngayo uluntu ngokwakha ulawulo oluthatha inxaxheba kuluntu ekuhlaleni emva kokuba ephumile entolongweni. Kukho isithethe eside solu hlobo lokucinga kwi-Irish ekhohlo, ngakumbi ngabantu abafana no-Liam Mellowes, iRiphabhlikhi egqibeleleyo esuka koo-1920s. Kanye njengokuba iRiphabliki yaseIreland iye yaba yeyobuzwe neyamazwe ngamazwe, uAdams wakhuthaza la mabanjwa aselula ukuba adibanise oko akufunda kubavukeli bamazwe ngamazwe kunye namava kunye nemibhalo yabavukeli baseIreland. Oku kwabamisela kwiindawo abahlala kuzo kwaye kwenze ukuba iradicalism yabo isakhulayo ingabi nancwadi kwaye ingabonakali, iyinyani ngakumbi ngengqiqo yokuba inokusetyenziswa kuluntu lwaseIreland apha kwaye ngoku.
Nkqu nasentolongweni, uBobby waye wachulumanca kakhulu ngamabhunga abantu kunye nolawulo loluntu ekuhlaleni. Wabhala inqaku ngolwimi lwesi-Irish, ulwimi awalufunda entolongweni, malunga nokwakha olunye uluntu oluthetha isi-Irish ngezikolo kunye neenkonzo kunye nemizi-mveliso, eququzelelwe ngokudibeneyo, ezilawulayo. Yaye xa waphuma entolongweni ngoko nangoko waqalisa ukusebenzisa ezi ngcamango. Wayengaphandle kuphela kwindawo ahlala kuyo, indawo yabasebenzi ebizwa ngokuba yiTwinbrook, kangangeenyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi kokuba abanjwe kwakhona. Kodwa kwezo nyanga zintandathu wenza izinto ezimangalisayo ukuphumeza iingcamango ababeziphuhlise ngokudibeneyo entolongweni. Waququzelela iqela labantu abaseka isikolo solwimi lwase-Irish, oko kukuthi, ngendlela, esakhulayo nanamhlanje; imisebenzi yenkcubeko; isibonelelo sezothutho sentsebenziswano; umbutho omtsha ogxile ekuhlaleni; iphephandaba elibukhali; nezinye izinto ezininzi. Nangona amatsha-ntliziyo amaninzi amancinane amcenga ukuba aphethulele ingqalelo yakhe kuphela kolu didi luququzelela uluntu endaweni yomzabalazo wezigalo, wavakalelwa kukuba akanakucela abanye ukuba benze izinto awayengazimiselanga ukuzenza yena. Ngoko wahlala ekhuthele emkhosini yaye kungekudala wabanjwa waza wavalelwa entolongweni kwakhona.
Ukwakhankanye ukuchaswa kwamahlelo kwaye le ibiyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yengqondo yamabanjwa yezopolitiko. Wonke umntu owayesakuba libanjwa owabelana ngexesha noBobby ngexesha lakhe lokuqala entolongweni wathetha nam ngalo mba weengxoxo zabo. Bathetha ngee "five -isms". Ezinye ii-โismsโ zazicacile, njengobusoshiyali. Kodwa ukuchaswa kwamahlelo kwakungomnye wemixholo emihlanu ephambili abayiphuhlisayo. Ngelishwa, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuphuhlisa ukuchasana namahlelo ngexesha lemfazwe eyayinamahlelo amaninzi kwaye, ukuthetha ngokuphandle, i-IRA ayizange ihlale iphila ngokuchasa amahlelo kwindlela yayo. Nanamhla oku, emva kweshumi leminyaka yokupheliswa kwemfazwe kunye nenkqubo yoxolo, uqhekeko yingxaki ehleliyo kwaye iya kuba ngamashumi eminyaka oko.
A & M: Kutheni ucinga ukuba abantu abaninzi abayazi le "enye" โโimbali ye-IRA kunye noBobby Sands ngakumbi? Into abantu abaninzi abayaziyo ngumzabalazo wezigalo. Kutheni le nto indalo yokomfuziselo ingahoywa?
YENZA: Ewe, inyani eyothusayo kumantla eIreland kule minyaka ingamashumi amane idlulileyo ibilungquzulwano oluxhobileyo. Ayisiyiyo kuphela eyonwabisayo yomibini kwimidiya eqhelekileyo kwaye ukuba ii-radicals zithethe kwaye zibhale ngazo, kodwa yayilawula ubomi babo bonke abantu ababehlala kwimimandla yemfazwe, kanye iindawo uBobby Sands kunye nabanye ababezama ukuzilungiselela. Iyahlekisa into yokuba ungquzulwano oluxhobileyo ludale amanqanaba obumbano kunye nenkxaso ye-IRA eyenza ukuba i-Bobby Sands ihlanganise abantu malunga nokwakha olunye uluntu, ukanti izinto eziphambili ezithatha ixesha lokulwa imfazwe ziye zayithoba into oyibiza ngokuba yindalo yomfuziselo ukuya kweyesibini. inkxalabo. Kwaye, ngenye indlela, inkqubo elandelayo "yokuzisa i-Republic Movement ebanda", ngokubakhuthaza ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zezopolitiko eziqhelekileyo, baphambukiswe kwaye baqhubeke bebaphazamisa ekubekeni amandla abo kule ndalo yomfuziselo. Ewe, zininzi iiprojekthi ezizezinye eziseleyo, ngakumbi kumacandelo enkcubeko nezemfundo, kodwa nalapha kukho iingxaki kunye nokuchasana. Umzekelo, ngeminyaka yee-1990 urhulumente wafaka imali kwisikolo sikaBobby sase-Irish waza wasamkela โnjengesikolo esilondolozweโ. NdandikwiBhodi yeeRhuluneli zesi sikolo xa oko kwakusenzeka kwaye yanciphisa indlela yokuziphatha yesikolo yaza yaphucula isimilo samaKatolika esiqhelekileyo. Kungekudala, esi sikolo saqalisa ukufundisa ikatekisima yaye abanye abantwana kwafuneka bakhululeke kwabanye abafundi xa kwakuqhubeka imfundo yonqulo. Kwakhona, kwaqaliswa ikharityhulam yesiqhelo njalo njalo. Oku akuthethi ukuba omnye umbono watshatyalaliswa. Kusekho enye indlela yokuziphatha esikolweni nakuluntu olufana ne-Twinbrook, esele โluluntu oluxhathisayoโ ukusa kumkhamo othile. Kodwa uninzi lwale migca alucacanga kwaye ndicinga ukuba kubalulekile ukubuyisela imbali yento uBobby Sands kunye nabanye abazama ukuyenza. Yiyo loo nto, njengoko le biography ikhula, yatshintsha kakhulu kwaye yagxininisa kancinci uBobby umhlaseli olambileyo kunye noBobby olitshantliziyo. Njengoko abantu beyifunda, ndiyathemba ukuba baya kuyifumana kwakhona loo nkumbulo yolunye uluntu olunokubakho, inkumbulo awayeyixabise ngokwenene uBobby Sands kwaye wayiqhelisela.
A & M: Ugqibile ukuhlela incwadi eOventic, eChiapas. Ngaba oku kwenzeka ngamabona-ndenzile? Ngaba uyalubona unxibelelwano kunye neZapatistas kunye nombono othile ochazwe ngamaqela ngaphakathi kwe-IRA?
YENZA: Ngokuqinisekileyo. Ndimele ndivume ukuba bendisoloko ndiphenjelelwa kakhulu yiMarxism kwaye ndisenobudlelwane obuqinileyo kweminye imibutho ethetha ngokuthatha igunya likarhulumente kunye nokusebenzisa ezo zixhobo zinamandla ukutshintsha uluntu. Nangona ndiyayibona imigibe yokudala iinkqubo ezintsha zolawulo kunye nobundlobongela nanini na xa kukhethwa indlela yamanani, ndiyakholelwa ukuba uThixo akanakwaziwa, umzekelo, malunga nokunyanzelisa kuka-John Holloway ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uya konakala ukuba ungena kumaziko karhulumente. Ngoko xa ndaya kuhlala namaZapatista ndize ndifunde kuwo, ndawaxhasa yaye ndikulungele ukufunda kodwa ndikwathandabuza. Iprojekthi yabo ibonakala incinci kwaye ibuthathaka. Nangona kunjalo kwiiyure ngeeyure zokuxoxa ngeZapatismo kunye nokubona indlela abantu abachasayo abalwakha ngayo uluntu-kwimimandla yemfundo kunye nezempilo kunye neefektri ezizilawulayo-ndiye ndafumana uxabiso olutsha kungekuphela nje ngeeZapatistas kodwa noBobby Sands. kunye namaqabane akhe, ngezinto abazama ukuziphumeza eTwinbrook. Kwaye, kufuneka ndongeze, waqhubeka ezama ukuphumeza ezi zinto entolongweni. Phantsi kwezona meko zimbi kakhulu, yena kunye neengubo kwi-H-Blocks ye-Long Kesh yayimalunga nokudalwa komfuziselo. Baye basondela ekuqondeni i-utopia phantsi kokuvalelwa ngokupheleleyo kuloo ntolongo inukayo, inezisele zayo eziqatywe ikaka kwaye ingenampahla okanye incwadi yokufunda, kunokuba siya kuze siphumelele. Oku kuyakhuthaza kwaye kuyaphazamisa. Kuyakhuthaza ukuba abantu abamanyeneyo, abathandana ngenene, bangakha into enesidima nevulelekileyo nedemokhrasi xa bejongene nobundlobongela obumanyumnyezi nezisongelo zobundlobongela, kwaye phantsi kweemeko ngokungafihlisiyo zentlupheko yezinto eziphathekayo. Kodwa kuyakhathaza ukuba kuthatha iimeko ezinjalo ukudibanisa abantu ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elinjalo. Kukho ingozi ekuthandeni ii-utopias ezihlwempuzekileyo. Owona mceli mngeni ngowokuba singenza njani na, kwiimeko โeziqhelekileyoโ zemihla ngemihla zobukapitali, sidale ubumbano kwaye sihlanganise abantu malunga nendalo yomfuziselo. Ke ndasuka e-Oventic ndavuselelwa kwaye ndinokuqonda okutsha kweBobby Sands kunye noko abanye abantu kwintlangano yakhe bafuna ukuyifumana. Yayiluxabiso endingazange ndibe nalo xa ndandiphila ngelo xesha eBelfast. Kodwa nam ndemka. Kwaye ngoku, nangona ndihlala eBelfast kwaye ndichitha ixesha kwizitrato kanye apho uBobby Sands wayesebenza khona, ngamanye amaxesha ndifumanisa kunzima ukucinga ukuba umntu unokuphila njani ubomi obusebenzayo awayebuphila kwaye azame ukudala uhlobo loluntu aluphuphayo. yokudala.
A & M: Ucinga ntoni malunga nento ebonakala ngathi iyakhula okanye iphinda ivele kuthando lomzabalazo wasezidolophini? Sicinga ngokukodwa malunga nomtsalane wakutsha nje ngeMozulu engaphantsi komhlaba kunye neentshukumo zaMandla aMnyama ezinomkhosi, umzekelo. Ucinga ukuba kutheni le nto isenzeka, kwaye luhlobo luni lwegalelo ocinga ukuba incwadi yakho inokulenza kule ncoko ixabanayo?
YENZA: Ewe, okokuqala, andinakukwazi ukuphawula malunga nendlela i-Afro-America eqhuba ngayo umzabalazo wayo nangona ndiza kuvuma ubudlelane bam nemikhosi elwayo yomzabalazo, nokuba sithetha ngoMalcolm okanye uGeorge Jackson okanye iiPanthers. Ndakhuthazeka xa uMumia Abu-Jamal efunda ibhayografi kwaye wathi waphakanyiswa kukufunda ngobomi bukaBobby kunye nophuhliso lwezopolitiko ngendlela awayeyiyo xa wayefunda i-autobiography kaMalcolm. UBobby Sands wafela ilungelo labantu abacinezelekileyo lokuchaza eyabo imiqathango yomzabalazo. Akazange afele umzabalazo oxhobileyo, kodwa ngenxa yelungelo labantu ukuba babandakanyeke kulo ukuba bafumanisa ukuba kuyimfuneko kwimeko yabo yembali ethile kwaye ukuba isigqibo sabo sisemthethweni ngenkxaso ethandwayo kwiindawo zabo. Lo ngumba onamaqhinga. Ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, abaqhankqalazi balamba babelandela umzekelo wabavukeli baseIreland bePasika yowe-1916. Ngowe-1916, abavukeli abanjengoJames Connolly noConstance Markievicz baqalisa isenzo esasingenankxaso ingako yoluntu. Kodwa baye babala ukuba ingatsala ingcinezelo yombuso kangangokuba ingavusa inkxaso kwaye, ngokwenza njalo, iqhubele phambili umzabalazo. Kwakukho into ethile yolo hlobo lokucinga kugwayimbo lokulamba luka-1981, njengoko kudla ngokubakho ekusungulweni kweentshukumo ezixhobileyo. I-IRA yayibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye ngokubhentsisa isidima sombuso kunye nenkohlakalo, abagwayi bendlala babenethemba lokuvusa inkxaso kwaye baqhubele phambili umzabalazo. Kukho izinto ezihlekisayo ezininzi apha. Isenzo soqhanqalazo olungenabundlobongela sihlanganise abantu abaninzi bexhasa uqhankqalazo oluxhobileyo. Kodwa inyani yokuba ugwayimbo lokulamba lwalungenabundlobongela, kwaye lubandakanya iqhinga lonyulo ukusukela oko uBobby Sands wonyulwa kwipalamente yaseBhritane njengoko wayesifa, ikhuthaze amalungu e-Irish Republicanism ukuba ajike kwiphulo elixhobileyo. Kodwa ukubuyela kumbuzo wakho, inye into endiyaziyo ngokuphila ngemfazwe yaseIreland kukuba umzabalazo oxhobileyo awungowothando. Ngolwazi lwam, uBobby Sands akazange abulale nabani na, kodwa isigqibo sakhe sokwenza oko ukuba kuyimfuneko sasingelula kwaye ndiyakholelwa ukuba kufuneka kube nzima kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kungabi naluthando njengoko waye waqonda ngakumbi kwezopolitiko. Njengoko besenditshilo, xa uBobby Sands wayehlala eTwinbrook kwafuneka athathe isigqibo sokuba ahlale engumququzeleli woluntu. kwaye umgrogrisi wasezidolophini kwaye wakhetha ngokuzimisela ukuzenza zombini. Andiqondi ukuba wasithatha lula eso sigqibo. Ndiqinisekile ukuba wayekhathazekile ngenxa yeziphumo zayo kwiiprojekthi zakhe zentlalo yoluntu. Ukhuthaze amatshantliziyo aselula ukuba azibandakanye nezixhobo kwaye umzabalazo ongaxhobileyo kwaye ndiyazi malunga neemeko ezimbalwa apho wayebatyhafisa abantu abatsha ekujoyineni i-IRA kuba wayecinga ukuba banetalente enkulu kwezinye izinto. Ekugqibeleni, ndicinga ukuba uye waqonda ukuba awukwazi ukubandakanyeka kwimfazwe yabasezidolophini ngaphandle kokuba wenze njalo ngaphakathi kwimeko yoluntu oluhlanganiswe kakhulu kwaye lubandakanyeke ngokunzulu kwiprojekthi yezopolitiko ebanzi, kungekhona nje uluntu oluchasayo kodwa kunye noluntu. kwindalo.
A & M: Zeziphi iintlobo zezinto ocinga ukuba thina kwiintshukumo zehlabathi zangoku, iiforam kunye nothungelwano olunje ngePeople's Global Action kunye nenkqubo yeForam yeNtlalo abanokufunda kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzabalazo wenkululeko yaseIreland?
YENZA: Ewe, ukuqala ngobomi obufana nobo kaBobby Sands, uyabona ukuba abantu abavela kwisiqalo esiqhelekileyo banokufezekisa ezona zinto zibalulekileyo. Andikwazi ukucinga ukufikelela kwinqanaba lamandla akhe, kodwa ngethemba ngokufunda ngoBobby Sands kubahlobo bakhe, ndiye ndahlaziyeka kwaye ndifumene ukuzithemba okutsha malunga nokuba yintoni na. is kunokwenzeka. Kukho izifundo ezinokufundwa kuye, ngokunjalo, malunga nokuzabalaza eyadini yakho, nokuba iimeko zakho zomzabalazo zibonakala zingenakwenzeka kangakanani na. Ndiyacaphuka ngamanye amaxesha ndimamele abanye abaphembeleli bethetha ngendlela eyayinkulu ngayo iSeattle okanye indlela eyayinkulu ngayo iPrague. Ewe, babelungile, kodwa wenza ntoni imihla ngemihla kwiyadi yakho? Kwaye andithethi ukulwa namapolisa kodwa ndithatha ulawulo lwezithuba nokwenza into eyakhayo kuzo. Kwinxalenye yencwadi apho uBobby Sands eququzelela abanxibe iingubo, amabanjwa angoogxa bakhe abaqhankqalazayo, ukuba baye kutyelelo ukuze bathubelezise izinto zokubhala kwaye baqalise iphulo lokusasaza, uhlala ebonisa indlela onokuwasebenzisa ngayo amathuba akho, nkqu naphakathi. iimeko apho uninzi lwethu bekuya kuba nzima ukuqonda nawaphi na amathuba. Ngamanye amazwi, umzabalazo awupheli. Ithemba analo liyamangalisa, nangona wayesoloko eyinyani malunga nokuba yintoni nako kuzuzwa. Ngaphezu koko, yena noogxa bakhe kwafuneka banxibe iyunifomu yentolongo ukuze baye kutyelelo baze balungelelanise imigudu yabo yokuthutyeleziswa. Bakufumanisa kunzima kakhulu ukwenza oko. Kodwa bakhawuleza baqonda ukuba isidima siphuma ngaphakathi yaye iyunifomu yentolongo yayingenakubenza baqiniseke ukuba babengamabanjwa ezobupolitika kungekhona izaphuli-mthetho. Xa indoda nganye yayisishiya isisele sayo kangangesiqingatha seyure nyanga nganye yayibuyisela izithuba zentolongo yaye ngokwenjenjalo yavula amabala amatsha omzabalazo namathuba amatsha. Kwenzeka into efanayo kumaMayans ekuchaseni eChiapas. Ukuze bagcine amalungelo abo oluntu emhlabeni, kwakufuneka baye kwiinkundla zaseMexico kwaye, ubuncinane kwimeko enye endiyaziyo, kwakufuneka bahlawule umrhumo omkhulu kwilizwe laseMexico ukuze bamisele amalungelo abo ngokusemthethweni. Kumele ukuba kwakunzima ukwenza oko. Kodwa bakuba bekwenzile oko baqonda ukuba ukuzimela geqe nesidima sabo kwakungenakutshatyalaliswa nje ngokufudukela kwiindawo eziphantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente. Bavula iindawo ezintsha zomzabalazo kwaye badale amathuba amatsha kwabanye. Ngoko ke, njengokuba iinzame zentshukumo yase-Irish ekudalweni komfuziselo zivuyisa, ngoko ke, yimigudu eyahlukeneyo yeZapatistas, piqueteros, MST, abantu base-El Alto okanye baseCochabamba. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba ukubuyela kumbuzo wakho wangaphambili, la mava kodwa afanayo kwaye angabonakaliyo ngokubonakalayo macala onke anokubonelela ngethemba elingakumbi kuneenkumbulo malunga neMozulu phantsi komhlaba okanye intlungu yothando kwenye iPrague.
A & M: U-Eduardo Galeano babhale: โI-Utopia isendleleni: xa ndihamba izinyuko ezimbini, ithatha izitepsi ezimbini umva โฆ Ndihamba izinyuko ezilishumi, kwaye ilishumi ukuya kude. Yenzelwe ntoni i-utopia? kungenxa yoku, ukuhambahamba. Ucinga ntoni ngale nto? Ikwenza uzive njani?
YENZA: Ndiphile ubomi bam bonke kumzabalazo phakathi komonde nokungabi namonde. Ngelishwa, umonde udla ngokuphumelela. Kodwa ndiya ndibangcono, ngakumbi emva kwe-Oventic. Ndakhulela kumaphandle aseNew Mexico, kubomi obunokuthiwa bububomi โobucothayoโ kwaye ngokufuthi ndincokola namaChicanos, amaMexico namaIndiya aseMerika. Ndiphile iminyaka emininzi kuluntu, uluntu lwaseIreland, apho ukuqondwa โkwexesha laseIrelandโ kufuna umonde omkhulu. Ndixoxe ngophuhliso loluntu kunye namaNavajos, kwaye ndabamamela bethetha "ngexesha leNavajo". Kwaye ndihlala phakathi kwaye ndathetha namaMayans, umbono wabo wehlabathi ungahambelani neengcinga zexesha apho uninzi lwabantu basentshona baqhelene nalo. Bakhumbula ikamva njengoko bengena kulo! Yintoni yonke le nto yokwenza kunye ne-utopias kunye ne-horizons? Kaloku, ukungabi namonde kunokusiqhubela esenzweni. UJohn Holloway uthetha ngesikhalo. AmaZapatista ayakhwaza, โEwe, basta!โ Kwaye isikhalo silungile. Kodwa ukuba sibona utshaba elundini, omnye umkhosi okanye uhlanga olusoyikisayo lwabantu, isikhalo sethu siya kuthi cwaka. Sinokukhala kwakhona, kwaye kwakhona, kodwa kuphela ekukhuseleni kwaye ekugqibeleni kungabikho siphelo esisebenzayo. Ke amatsha ntliziyo kufuneka, kwaye mhlawumbi oku kubalulekile kwinkcazo yomntu olwela amalungelo abantu, kufuneka basoloko bekhomba kulo utopia elundini, beyibonisa abantu kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko bayichaze kubo bade bayibone, nabo. Emva koko, simele sibacele ukuba basichazele, ekubeni besenokubona into ethile esiye siyiphosile. Kufana nokuba ubonisa umntu iplanethi okanye ikroza, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka ube nomonde de nabo babone, phakathi kwamanqaku abonakala engaqhelekanga esibhakabhakeni. Kwanabafundi abaqhelekileyo baseyunivesithi baye bakubona oku. C. Wright Mills wabhala kakuhle โngengqondo yentlalo-ntleโ nendlela ngokubonisa unxulumano phakathi kweengxaki zomntu ngamnye kunye nemiba enxibeleleneyo yezentlalo, izazinzulu zentlalo ezisebenzayo zinokunceda ekudaleni umbono woluntu oloyisa okanye oludlula ezo ngxaki/imiba. Ngoko kuyandivuyisa ukucinga ukuba elinye ihlabathi lisemnyango. Kodwa ubuntu bam obungenamonde bufuna ubuncinci ukusondela kuyo, ukuba ayifiki kuyo. Mhlawumbi lowo ngumahluko oseleyo phakathi kukaBobby Sands kunye neZapatista. Umonde njengoko baye bafunda ukuba, akwanelanga ukuba ibhinqa okanye indoda yaseIreland ihambe. Kungekudala okanye kamva, nabo bafuna ukuya khona. Kodwa singaqhubeka nale ncoko ngelixa sihamba uhambo olude. โโฆ
UDennis litshantliziyo loluntu nowayesakuba nguSihlalo weQonga lezoQoqosho laseWest Belfast. Ungunjingalwazi ngokudibeneyo wotshintsho lwentlalo noqoqosho kwiYunivesithi yaseQueens eBelfast kunye nonjingalwazi wezentlalo yoluntu kwiYunivesithi yaseBinghamton eNew York. Uhlala eBelfast.
UMarina no-Andrej bangamaqabane, abahlukumezi be-anarchist kunye nababhali. Bahlala eNew York.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela