'Ngamabarbhari ngoku amele ukholo kwikamva lomntu kunye nekamva lempucuko, ngelixa' abantu abaphucukileyo bafumana usindiso lwabo kuphela kwi-barbarism: ukubulawa kwabantu kunye nokubuya kukaPopu.
UMichael Bakunin,Uqhankqalazo lweMbumba, 1871
‘Ukuba ukuze ndiphumelele bekufuneka kugxunyekwe umthi kwindawo kawonke-wonke, bendiya kukhetha ukuwukhulula’
Enrico Malatesta, UPensiero eVolonta, 1924
‘Ngaba ikho imeko-bume enjalo? Akunjalo. Kulandela ke ngoko ukuba kufuneka kudalwe.’
UMichael Bakunin, Imfundo eDityanisiweyo, 1869
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, i-Bhritane eyaziwayo eyingqondi edibeneyo, uTimothy Garton Ash, wasimema ukuba 'sixelele iKosovo yethu'. ‘IKosovo zizinto ezininzi kubantu abaninzi’, watsho uAsh, ‘ndixelele iKosovo yakho kwaye ndiza kukuxelela ukuba ungubani’. Ndivumele ke ukuba ndiqale ngokukuxelela iKosovo yam, kunye neBalkans yam. Ndithethelela ezinye iiBalkans, ingeyiyo yobungxowankulu okanye i-bureaucratic-socialistic, i-trans-ethnic yoluntu enembono ye-polyculturalist evuma izazisi ezininzi kunye nezinxibelelanayo, esekwe kwintsebenziswano ngokuzithandela kunye nokuncedisana, idemokhrasi ngqo yamabhunga anendlu kunye noqoqosho olulawulwayo. ngocwangciso lothatho-nxaxheba, oluqulunqwe ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sommandla womanyano.
Ndiyakholelwa ukuba umbuzo weKosovo unokuphendulwa kuphela kwisakhelo sommandla, kwaye ndiyakholelwa ukuba iBalkans inokubonelela ngemodeli enye iYurophu, iYurophu ebanzi yemimandla, njengenye indlela kuzo zombini amazwe aseYurophu aphezulu - ilizwe kunye nesizwe '. I-Balkanization yaseYurophu yayiza kusekelwa kwipolitiki yemimandla ezimeleyo kunye nobuninzi beenkcubeko. Ndibona lo mmandla, iqumrhu elikhe lachithwa sisizwe esisembindini kunye ne-capitalism, njengesiseko sohlaziyo kunye nokwakhiwa ngokutsha kobomi bezentlalo nezopolitiko baseYurophu. I-Balkans yam zii-Balkans zeeyunithi zengingqi, endaweni yezizwe, ezibuyisela isazisi sazo ngokwenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, eziye zalahleka ekudityanisweni kwazo kwiziseko zelizwe. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, andikhuthazi inkxaso yelizwe elitsha, elinohlanga olunye, ilizwe laseKosovo.
Intshukumo yaseKosovo iVerodonstovje ine, njengemotto yayo, ibinzana elinomtsalane: ‘akukho ngxoxo – ukuzimisela’. Isiqubulo endifuna ukusinika sona sahluke kakhulu: akukho lizwe, akukho sizwe - iBalkan Federation. Iprojekthi yomanyano lweBalkan yiprojekthi yokuphelisa ubukoloniyali, inkcubeko eninzi, utshintsho lwentlalo ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu, olufana nolusebenzayo, kunye nonxibelelwano olusebenzayo kunye neeprojekthi zangoku njengezopolitiko. zapatismo eMexico naseArgentina horizontalidad.
Amava ommandla weBalkans, anje ngamava ayo embali yokuzihlanganisa, anokutshintsha, kwaye agxininise ubume bezopolitiko baseYurophu. Uya kuqaphela ukuba ndisebenzisa igama elithi Balkanization ngendlela eyahlukileyo emva koko lisetyenziswa ziipundits kunye ne-Euro-American balkanologists. I-Balkanization, umntu unokuthi, ukuveliswa kwee-balkanologists zezopolitiko. Eli gama kukusetyenziswa kakubi kolwimi ngendlela emangalisayo. Omnye unokwenza isiqhulo esincinci kwaye acebise ukuba ipolitiki ye-Euro-American kwi-Balkans, ngokwembali, yayikhokelwa ngama-B amathathu: i-balkanization, i-barbarity kunye neebhombu. Abantu baseBalkans bangamabharbarians, okanye ke le euro-imperial line iya, bakholisa ukuba balkanize, kwaye indlela yodwa yokuthintela oko kukubhomba (okanye ukuthengisa iibhombu ukuze bazenzele ngokwabo).
Ngaphambi kokuvavanya, ekupheleni kwale mpendulo, iingxoxo zakho ezinomdla kunye nezakhayo, ndifuna ukuxubusha iingxoxo ezimbalwa zeenkcazo eziqhelekileyo kwaye ndizame ukufaka isandla kwizinto ezimbalwa zokubonisa ipolitiki kumbuzo waseKosovo.
I-balkano-phobia yezopolitiko
Ukuba sithatha imbono yembali, ndicinga ukuba sinokuchonga into ethile, okanye, kunoko, yonke into eyinkimbinkimbi yokusabela kwe-elite, ukuba ndiphakamisa ukubiza 'i-balkano-phobia yezopolitiko': uloyiko oluphezulu lweendawo ezizimeleyo. Inkqubo yombuso waseYurophu yenkulungwane ye-17 neye-18 yavela ngenxa yokulwa okuyimpumelelo kokusekwa kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwemimandla yesazisi sommandla. Abakhi bombuso baseYurophu ngelo xesha, enyanisweni, babexakeke yidemon yaseBalkan, i-balkanization ithathwa apha ngengqiqo yenkqubo engenye yokulungelelaniswa kwemimandla, ukwahlula amagunya, ukuzimela kwemimandla kunye ne-federalism. I-Balkanization, inkqubo ye-fission rhoqo kunye nokudibanisa, ibe yinto esongelayo ngokuphawulekayo kwiinkqubo ezivelayo ezinkulu, eziphambili, ezinyanzelisayo. I-Debalkanization yaba ligama, kunye nesizathu, senkqubo yokuphelisa isoyikiso sezithuba zezopolitiko ezizimeleyo ezingenalo naliphi na igunya elinyanzeliswayo elikhethekileyo nelisisigxina elahlulwe eluntwini, kunye nokuphelisa inkumbulo yommandla wokuchasa ubukoloniyali kunye nokuchasa- imizabalazo yamanani.
Namhlanje, kweli xesha litsha lokudityaniswa, iiBalkans, kunye ne-balkanization, zithiwe thaca kwaye ziqikelelwa kwimbono yehlabathi njengento engeyonto ngaphandle kwentsalela yembali 'yobuhlanga bamandulo', iphinda ibeke isoyikiso kulawulo olukhohlakeleyo lwaseYurophu -kanye njengakwixesha lexesha lelizwe. I-Absolutist State- kwisiseko sayo kanye. I-EU ayizinziswanga ngenxa yethemba lommandla ovukelayo wezopolitiko (ongazinzanga), ngaphakathi, kunye nokuchasene ne-agglomeration yobukhosi. Phulaphula amazwi omphathiswa waseHungary: 'Iingxaki zaseRoma azivalelwanga kwintsimi yamazwe angamalungu e-EU, kuba ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwabantu kuthetha ukuhamba ngokukhululeka kweengxaki zentlalo'. I-Debalkanization, ngengqiqo yokulungelelanisa 'iingxaki zentlalo', ibalulekile ekuhlanganiseni kwexesha elizayo, kweli xesha elitsha lembali yaseYurophu. Ibonisa imfuno yabaphezulu baseYurophu, kunye nee-oligarchies zasekhaya, zokunciphisa naluphi na ulwakhiwo olunokubakho kunye nolungenabuzwe-olulolunye lwezopolitiko.
Olona khetho lwamaxesha ethu, ngokumangalisayo, luphakathi kwebarbarism kunye ne-balkanization.
Ukuthi ubuzwe baseBalkan ngandlel’ ithile abuyiyonyani, kuya kuba kukunganyaniseki, nokuba kukuhlekisa, kwaye nangasiphi na isiganeko kukungakhathali. Kodwa ukutsho ukuba ungquzulwano lwezizwe ngezizwe kunye nobuhlanga lumisela isazisi seBalkan kukudlala kwizandla zolawulo lweengxoxo ze-Euro-imperial. Ndingade ndiqhubele phambili ithisisi yokuba iBalkans, njengommandla, inesibindi ngakumbi, nokuba ngamanye amaxesha ayiphumelelanga kabuhlungu, kwiinzame zokufumana iindlela zokujongana nobuhlanga kunye nobuhlanga. Ukuvuma iyantlukwano. Ndicinga ukuba kwanele ukukhumbula umzekelo wenkalipho welizwe elalisakuba yiYugoslavia; kwaye emva koko uyithelekise nokubulawa kwabantu base-Euro-American abantu bamaYuda nama-Arabhu, Amero-AmaIndiya, kwaye lilifa lembali leemfazwe ze-feudal, ubukoloniyali, ubukhoboka kunye nokubulawa kwabantu. Ngoobani abona babharbhari? Omnye wemiba ebalulekileyo ye-balkano-phobia bubuchwephesha be-European universalism. I-Eurocentric universalism yenziwa, njengempendulo ye-balkano-phobic, nangaphambi kokuba i-colonization yaseMelika, njengenkqubo 'yokunye' kweBalkan, kumzabalazo 'wokuphula isiphene esinzima, esisisimumu sentlango,' apho iiBalkans. yaba luphawu layo yonke into engaqondakaliyo nesoyikisayo kwinkcubeko yaseYurophu. I-Balkans yaba 'yiYurophu yasendle', ukuthandela, ilabyrinth entsonkothileyo ehlala izidalwa zesono, iintlanga ezisileyo, ezingakwaziyo ukuzilawula, njengendawo esembindini wobumnyama baseYurophu, apho ingcamango engendawo iya kumkhupha ekukhanyeni umntu olungileyo. Indawo engaphandle, ukuba isemnyango, apho abantu kufuneka bashumayele khona egameni lemisebenzi yempucuko, amalungelo oluntu kunye noluntu.
Siphi ngoku?
Ndivumele ndizobe, kubafundi bethu abangaqhelananga nezinto ezikhethekileyo zeBalkan, into enemvelaphi. Ke ithini le meko apho iKosovo, ngokusesikweni iseyinxalenye yeSerbia, izifumana ikuyo namhlanje?
I-Berlin's Institute for European Politics isanda kukhupha ingxelo ende yephepha le-124, ebhalwe egameni loMkhosi waseJamani. Ngokwalo mqulu unika umdla, uluntu lwezizwe ngezizwe alukho ngaphandle kwezibhengezo ze-bureaucratic kuluntu lwezizwe ngezizwe (kwinkcazo ekhumbulekayo kaTrouillot, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe luyingoma yamaGrike yezopolitiko zanamhlanje. Akukho mntu wakha wayibona, kodwa iyacula, kodwa iyacula. ngasemva kwaye wonke umntu udlala kuyo.'). I-mission ye-European Union, ecetyiswe ngu-Ahtisaari, ayizinziswanga ngokwengqiqo okanye uhlalutyo, bathi ababhali boxwebhu. IKosovo iza kwenziwa ihlwempu ngenxa yolawulo olubi, urhwaphilizo nolwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo olubandakanya kungekuphela nje abezobupolitika baseKosovo kodwa kwanamalungu olawulo lwaseYurophu. Indima ye-United States, uxwebhu lufundeka, nalo luchasene nemveliso: i-US inceda amalungu amaqela olwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo, inika uqeqesho kumalungu angaphambili oMkhosi weNkululeko yaseKosovo, kunye nokonakalisa iinzame zaseYurophu zokuphanda ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe. Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lwe-2005 yi-intelligence yangaphandle yaseJamani (BND) owayenguNdunankulu uHaradinaj udlala 'indima ephambili kuluhlu olubanzi lwezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho, ezopolitiko kunye nezomkhosi ezichaphazela kakhulu imeko yokhuseleko kulo lonke elaseKosovo. Eli qela, elinamalungu amalunga ne-100, libandakanyeka ekuthutyelweni kweziyobisi nezixhobo ngokungekho mthethweni, kwakunye nokurhweba ngokungekho mthethweni ngezinto ezinokuhlawuleka’. Into ebizwa ngokuba 'yinkqubo yeHaradinaj', ibhala Isibuko, ixhaswa yimimandla yabalawuli be-facto abavela eNtshona, emelwe liqela labathunywa abavela kwi-UN, NATO, EU kunye ne-OSCE. Kwangaxeshanye, sinokufunda kwi Ingxelo yeNyathelo loZinzo lwaseYurophu ukuba umyinge wengeniso yonyaka yi-1200 euros. Uqikelelo lwabangaphangeliyo lususela kuma-28 ukusa ngaphezu kwama-40 ekhulwini, yaye imali ethunyelwa ngamalungu entsapho kumazwe aphesheya ibandakanya umthombo wesibini ngobukhulu, yaye ithabatha i-13 ekhulwini lomvuzo wekhaya. Eli zinga liye lehla njengoko abantu abafudukela eKosovo bebuyela ekhaya.
Ukhetho lweHolbrook
Kukho iinketho ezimbalwa kwitafile. I-colonial enye kunye ne-nationalist ezimbini. Izizwe zaseSerbia zigxininisa 'ukuzimela ngaphandle kokuzimela'. Abemi baseAlbania bagxininisa ‘kwinkululeko nokuzimela’. I-EU kunye ne-US ibeka, phantsi kwesicwangciso esibizwa ngokuba yi-Ahtisaari, 'ukuzimela ngaphandle kokuzimela'. Abapolitiki baseRashiya bathetha malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-veto yabo kwiNdibano Jikelele ukuba iminqweno yelizwe laseSerbia ingahoywa. Abezopolitiko baseSerbia naseAlbania bakwinkqubo yothethathethwano olude kwaye aluphumelelanga.
Ndicinga ukuba sinokucinga ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba ikamva laseKosovo sele ligqitywe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba luthethathethwano ngumkhwa, ngenjongo nje yokunika inkohliso ethile yokuba semthethweni. Kudliwanondlebe olunikwe ne Inethiwekhi yoPhando loPhando lwaseBalkan, URichard Holbrook, owayengumxoxisi weBalkan waseMelika, uthi ukuzimela, ngoku okanye kunyaka ozayo akunakuphepheka: ISerbia ilahlekelwe 'amalungelo okuziphatha okulawula iKosovo'. ‘AmaRashiya awawakhathaleli amaSerb. Bayikhathalele iGeorgia. Banomsindo omangalisayo eSaakashvili. Bafuna ukudiliza uMikheil Saakashvili ... 'Imbali isecaleni le-Albanias yaseKosovo okokuqala ngqa kwiminyaka eyi-800. Iziganeko ezimanyumnyezi zowe-1912 nowe-1989 zisendleleni yokuguqulwa. Abantu baseAlbania bayaqondakala kakhulu ukuba abanamonde .. [kwaye] nam ndabelana ngolo monde’. Uyavuma ukuba 'Yonke indawo igcwele ulwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo'¦ Kodwa injongo yethu ayikokulungisa zonke iingxaki kwindalo yonke'. Emva koko uqhubeka abuze: ‘Uphi uNelson Mandela waseKosovar?’
Indlela yakhe yokugxeka iHannibal Lector kunye nobuqili bakhe obugqibeleleyo ecaleni, ndicinga ukuba iHolbrook ichanekile, kwaye iRussia ayizimiselanga kuphazamisa ngenxa yeSerbia. Nalo ke luluvo lukaFodor Lukjanov, umhleli welinye lamaphephancwadi aphambili enkqubo yezangaphandle eRashiya (IRashiya kwiPolitiko yeHlabathi), ngubani, kudliwano-ndlebe olunikwe unomathotholo IYurophu yasimahla, uthi iRussia ayizukusebenzisa amandla akhe e-veto, kodwa iya kuxhasa inguqulelo yeSicwangciso se-Ahtisaari. Andiqinisekanga kwaphela ukuba iGeorgia yeyona nto isengozini apha. Njengoko ngokuqhelekileyo kunjalo, inyaniso ilula. I-Kosovo kunye ne-Metohija yidiphozithi enkulu ye-lignite eYurophu. Ngokutsho kwimagazini yewebhu Umjongi wamandla IRashiya inomdla kakhulu kwezi ndawo zogcino. Inyaniso yokuba ubuninzi bobutyebi bephondo buxhomekeke kwiimbiwa buyinzuzo kuba isithethe semigodi yaseKosovo siqinisekisa iqela labasebenzi abanezakhono, kwaye abatyali-mali bamaminerali abanako ukwesaba ngenxa yesiphithiphithi sezoqoqosho saseKosovo, njengoko kuthethwa kwiwebhusayithi. IRashiya, ngokombono wam ubuncinane, isebenzisa ithuba lokuxoxisana ngemibandela engcono yokuthengiswa kweeminerali zaseKosovo. Ukwenza izinto ngokulula kakhulu, njengoko uZbigniew Brzezinski ethanda ukutsho.
Kwangaxeshanye, kucace kabuhlungu ukuba i-United States ayizukuvumela nantoni na emfutshane yokuzimela geqe kweKosovo. Kwileta-ingxelo yosopolitiki waseJamani uWilly Wimmer eya kowayesakuba nguChancellor Schroder waseJamani, sinokufumana amagqabantshintshi omgaqo-nkqubo wase-US kwiiBalkans: injongo emva kwemfazwe yaseKosovo yayikukuvumela i-USA ukuba ilungise ukongamela kukaGeneral Eisenhower's. kwiMfazwe yesiBini yeHlabathi kunye nokuseka ubukho bemikhosi yase-US kwiiBalkans kunye nembono yokulawula i-peninsula ebaluleke kakhulu; injongo yaseMelika yayikukuzoba umgca we-geo-politiki ukusuka kuLwandle lweBaltic ukuya e-Anatolia kunye nokulawula le ndawo njengoko amaRoma ayekhe wayilawula; kuyo yonke le nto, i-US idinga ukuqondwa ngokukhawuleza kweKosovo, ukukhutshwa kweSerbia evela eYurophu, kunye nokunika ukuzimisela kwabantu kuqala phambi kwayo yonke eminye imimiselo okanye imithetho yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Umbuzo weRadical left and Kosovo
Le meko intsonkothileyo ibonisa ingxaki enzima kakhulu kwicala lasekhohlo, kwaye ibumba ubume obuntsokothileyo nobunobuntununtunu bencoko yethu ngekamva leKosovo. Iphakamisa imibuzo entsonkothileyo, enzulu nengemnandanga.
Makhe ndize ndizame ukulungisa ezinye izigxeko zakho, endizifumanisa zikhuthaza kakhulu kwaye zakha kwithoni yazo. Kubonakala kum ukuba uphakamisa isisombululo saseYurophu kwiingxaki zethu zeBalkan. Impendulo yakho kumbuzo waseKosovo kukuseka iZizwe ezitsha, ezakhelwe phezu kwemigaqo ebonakala ingenakuthintelwa yobuzwe. Uyayichasa 'indlela yam yokuzibonakalisa', kwaye uyibona ingeyopolitiki ngokwaneleyo. Into endicinga ukuba iyenzeka kukuba sinezimvo ezahlukileyo malunga nokuba yintoni ipolitiki. Oku mhlawumbi kunxulumene nokwahluka, kunye nokungavumelani okubambekayo, okubhalwe kwizithethe zethu zezopolitiko: i-anarchism kunye ne-marxism-leninism. Ngezopolitiko ndithetha into ephilayo, yengxoxo, ekwabelwana ngayo kunye nenxaxheba yoluntu oluzilawulayo. Into oyibiza ngokuba yipolitiki ndingayibiza ngokuthi kukwakha urhulumente okanye ubugcisa borhulumente, iseti yemisebenzi esekelwe ekuthinjweni amagunya kaRhulumente, ize iphunyezwe ngeqela lezopolitiko, okanye imibutho yezopolitiko; iLizwe elincinane, elifanisa uRhulumente kwintlangano yakhe. Kum, le ndlela ichaza ngqo into ondingcikiva ngayo, kwaye oko kukugxothwa kwezopolitiko zokwenyani, ezinophawu olubi kunye nophawu oluhambelanayo lwengcamango yezopolitiko. Ithintela ukucinga okubalulekileyo kunye nezopolitiko kwinguqu yentlalo, intsingiselo yayo iya kulala kwilinge lokuzisa ezinye izinto ezinokwenzeka kubukho bomntu.
Andiwuphepheli umbuzo wesizwe, ngendlela efanelekileyo okanye ngayo nayiphi na enye indlela. Kodwa ndiyayigatya i-nationalist-ngokuchasene ne-polycultural- kunye nesisombululo se-statist, isiSerbia nesi-Albanian, ngandlela zonke.
I-radical yaKhohlo akufuneki inqule imeko ikhoyo, kwaye akufuneki inqule fait acompli. Yintoni esiyidingayo kwiiBalkans, apho amaphepha emihla ngemihla ayifaneli ibe ngumthandazo wethu wasekuseni, kodwa kunokuba i-farce yethu yobukoloniyali ekhohlakeleyo, kukuloyisa imbono engaphaya kokunikezelwa, ngoko ke umsebenzi wezopolitiko ezintsha, ezibuyiselweyo ezahlula ukuqatshelwa kobuchule boluntu. ukusuka ekudumiseni amandla enyaniso. Ukuvuselela iprojekthi ye-radical decolonization, iinjongo ezintsha zezopolitiko kunye neengqondo ezintsha zengqondo ziyafuneka.
Isicombululo senu kukuxhasa ‘ilungelo leKosovo lokuzilawula, kurhulumente wayo ozimele geqe.’ Kambe ke, esi sisikhundla esisemthethweni esinokusithabatha, kodwa kusishiya sineengxaki ezimbini ezinkulu.
Okokuqala, andiboni ukuba esi siphakamiso siyinyani. Kum kubonakala ngathi iyinto (nokuba) ngaphezulu kwe-utopian kuneyam. Uyayingcikiva impembelelo kaNowam yolwahlulo ngezizathu zokuba iya kuphembelela 'ubudlelwane baseAlbania namaSerb', kwaye mhlawumbi 'kukhokelele kwenye imfazwe kwimida emitsha yobuhlanga, kwaye komnye umjikelo wokuhlanjululwa kobuhlanga. Yama-Albanias asuka kwizithili ezininzi zaseSerb kunye ne-vice-versa'. Ndiyavumelana nawe. Kodwa kukho into engasebenzi apha. Isindululo sakho sisemngciphekweni kwaye sivuleleke kwizigxeko ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo. Ngokombono wam, ikamva laseKosovo sele ligqitywe kwiklabhu yaseYurophu, e-US naseRashiya. Yintoni ke esinokuyenza? Ukuba injongo yethu, eyona nto ibalulekileyo, kukukhathalela ubomi bokwenyani bomntu, kwaye hayi imigaqo efileyo, ukuba iKosovo iyazimela, njengoko iya kuba njalo ngokuqinisekileyo, isiphelo samaRoma kunye nabemi baseSerb sitywiniwe. Baya kuhlanjululwa ngokobuhlanga. Abo balawula ukuphuma eKosovo bephila, oko kukuthi. Ikhomishini yokusabela ye-UN sele ilungiselela oku. Nditsho nowayesakuba ngunozakuzaku eSerbia, uWiliam Montgomery, ngokuqinisekileyo engengomlweli wesizwe waseSerbia, uyalumkisa, kwikholamu yakhe yeveki kwiveki nganye yaseSerbia. Namhlanje, ukuba 'iiSerbs zaseKosovo azikwazi ukuthembela kuluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe kwaye i-gurantees enikeziweyo ayifanelekanga ke iphepha apho zibhalwe khona'. Ukuba i-radical left igqiba kwelokuba ixhase isisombululo sobuzwe, kuya kufuneka ixhase ilungelo lamaSerb namaRomany lokuzihluba. Emva kokuba ilungelo lokuba ama-Albania ahlukane neSerbia, akukho mntu uya kukwazi ukukhanyela ilungelo elifanayo kwabanye, kubandakanywa, mhlawumbi, okanye mhlawumbi, kwiRepublika Srpska, inxalenye yaseSerbia yaseBosnia. Kwaye oko kuya kusibuyisela kanye kwisisombululo sikaNowam solwahlulo olungenakuthintelwa.
Uloyiko lwam lobundlobongela obungenakuthintelwa bobuhlanga buxhaswa sisibhengezo samva nje sika-Hisen Durmisi, omnye wamatsha ntliziyo aphambili eVetenovedosje (iMovement for Self-determination, okanye iMSD) Balkan Insight: ‘Ukwahlulwa phakathi kuthetha ukucalucalulwa kunye nokwahlulwa kuthetha imfazwe’... Oku kuya kuba yimfazwe yabantu yenkululeko, kwaye intshukumo yeVetevendosje iya kubakho ukuyikhokela.’
Oku kusizisa kobunye ubuthathaka besikhundla sakho. Ugcina ukuba i-MSD 'yintshukumo echasene nobukoloniyali'. Mhlawumbi kunjalo. Umbuzo ngowokuba singawuxhasa na lo mbutho.
Ndiyathanda uburharha babo kwezopolitiko. Kabini bangqonge isakhiwo se-UNMIK ngeteyiphu etyheli besithi ‘Imeko yolwaphulo-mthetho – Musa ukuwela’. Kwaye banengqiqo yobuchule bokuncoma: 'UNMIKistan', 'UNMIKolonialism', edlala ngamagama afana ne-'F-UN-D 'yesiphelo', okanye 'T-UN-G' ye-'goodbye' ngesi-Albanian. Ngelixa ndiwuxhasa ngokupheleleyo umlo wabo ngokuchasene 'namandla neo-colonial ye-autocratic', ndiyathandabuza kakhulu malunga nenye inxalenye yengxoxo yakho, okanye inkolelo yakho yokuba 'i-MSD ayisiyo-serbophobic'. Babonakala bephethe idangatye lesithethe saseAlbania sobuhlanga. Inkokeli ye-MSD ngu-Albin Kurti, endiye ndafumana ithuba lokudibana naye, emva phayaa ngeentsuku xa wayengummeli wabafundi weYunivesithi yaseKosovo paralel. U-Kurti, ngelo xesha, nangona wayene-dreadlocks, indoda yase-Albania ezimiseleyo, ekhuthaza ukuba semthethweni kweprojekthi enkulu yase-Albania, kunye ne-utopia ethile yasemaphandleni. Andizange ndive nto ngaye de kwaba ngumzuzu apho waba ngumcebisi wezopolitiko kwi-KLA (UCK), iqela le-narco-guerilla elinombono olinganiselweyo wezopolitiko. Ndiyifundile i-manifesto ye-MSD kwaye olu xwebhu alukhankanyi, nangegama elinye, ingcamango yokuhlalisana okanye ibutho lamazwe ngamazwe. Umhlobo wam oyintatheli, ohlala kwaye esebenza eKosovo, undixelela ukuba phakathi kwemibala emininzi kunye nezitikha ezikrelekrele kunye negraphiti ye-MSD, unokufumana izinto ezinje 'Betha amaSerbs'. Ukwakhankanya ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-MSD kunye no-‘Balli Kombetar’ (iNationalist Front, iqela lasekunene elixhasa iprojekthi yobuzwe omnye ye-Great Albania). Andinalo ulwazi olwaneleyo, kodwa oku kungaphezu koko kwanele ukundenza ndingakhululeki.
Kweminye yemibhalo yam kwiiBalkans ndiye ndazama ukubonisa ukuba imeko yaseCroatia, iSlovenia, imimandla yaseSerbia yaseCroatia naseBosnia, naseKosovo, yahlukile, ngokuphawulekayo, kwimbali yokulwela ukuzimela geqe kweminye imimandla. lwehlabathi. Siya kuba senza impazamo enkulu ukuba sinokuzama ukufaka isicelo, okanye endaweni yoko ukunyanzelisa, ngendlela yomatshini, inkqubo efanayo yohlalutyo kunye nezopolitiko. Ukusebenzisa isiqhulo sasekhaya kakhulu, Otpor! ayisoloko iguqulela ngokuthi “ukumelana”. Ubunyani emhlabeni buntsonkothile kakhulu kwaye bunqabile kakhulu; idelela izisombululo ezenziwe ngokufanelekileyo, i-angeleology ye-reflexive kunye ne-demonology yemizabalazo ethile, kunye nokuqaphela le nyaniso yokwenyani ifuna ukuba sinyamezele ngomonde iingxaki zengingqi.
Uqhubeka uthi: 'Ngokuphathelele amabango aseSerbia eKosovo, kubalulekile ukuba i-Serbian radical left izalisekise umsebenzi wayo wamazwe ngamazwe ngokuchasa la mabango elizwe'. Andizange ndivume ngakumbi. Kodwa ndicinga ukuba kubalulekile, ngendlela efanayo, ukuba abantu abasekhohlo bachase ubuzwe base-Albania. Sinokubuchasa njani ubuzwe obuthile size sixhase obunye? Kufuneka sizale zombini. Kufuneka sale zonke ezi zikhankanyiweyo ngasentla iindlela ze-balkano-phobic ze-Kosovo, nangona kunjalo 'utopian' oku kunokuvakala. Into esinokuyenza kukunikela inkxaso yethu ebambekayo kwiiprojekthi zokuncedana, ubumbano, ubunikazi benkcubeko eninzi, kunye nezopolitiko zenkululeko.
Ndandisoloko ndingavumelani neemfuno, ngamanye amaxesha ezivakaliswa ngabanye oososhiyali, ukuba i-anarchists kufuneka ize 'nesikhundla' kumbuzo wesizwe okanye i-impiriyalizim. I-Anarchism ayingombutho wezopolitiko, umgca omnye wezopolitiko, kwaye kukho 'izikhundla' ezininzi njengoko kukho i-anarchists. Kodwa, oku kuthethiweyo, ndiyakholelwa ukuba kukho isiseko esisisiseko esifanayo. Masiyibize ngokuba sisithembiso sokomfuziselo. Asinakudala ikamva esilifunayo ngokuxhasa, okwangoku, ezo projekthi, kunye naloo ntshukumo, ephikisana nombono wethu wekamva. "Ukuba ukuze uphumelele bekufuneka kugxunyekwe umthi kwindawo kawonke-wonke, ndingathanda ukuwukhulula." Okanye ukungakhethi, phakathi kwezisombululo ezimiselweyo ze-balkano-phobic. Ukwala ukulungelelaniswa kokwenyani, ukulungelelaniswa kweendlela ezizezinye ezibekiweyo, ubukoloniyali kunye norhulumente wesizwe.
Thina, abantu baseBalkans, kufuneka sibuyele, kwaye sakhe phezu kwayo, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwimbali yethu, kwaye oko kungumbono we-polycultural we-multi-ethnic, ngokwenene i-trans-ethnic, i-anti-authoritarian. Ukuqonda ihlazo elithwalwa ligama elithi 'iBalkans' kwaye uphinde ufumanise ubuqhetseba bombono wayo. Olu hlobo loluntu lunokwenzeka kuphela kwisakhelo seBalkan Federation, ngaphandle kwelizwe, nangaphaya kwesizwe. Ihlabathi apho uninzi lwehlabathi lufanelekile. Ukuba oku akuyonyani yethu namhlanje, kulandela ukuba umsebenzi wethu, umsebenzi wethu kuphela, kukulwela ukuyenza inyaniso yethu ngomso.
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