AG: Mandiqale ngokubuza ngomjikelo wokugqibela woshishino lwabucala eSerbia. Oko kwakukade kubizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yobusoshiyali karhulumente eyayisakuba yiYugoslavia, โipropathi yoluntu,โ kuyavalwa kuze kwenziwe izinto zabucala. Iqhubele phambili kangakanani le nkqubo "yokwenza izinto zabucala ngokungenamali" okwangoku? Kwaye emngciphekweni wokuvakala njengomthetho, isemthethweni kangakanani le nkqubo yokuqokelela ngokuhluthwa?
FF: Ushishino lwabucala lwepropathi etyalwa eluntwini phantse lwenziwe ngokupheleleyo. Izakhiwo ezikhulu ezimbalwa ezishiyekileyo ngoku zijikwe zibe ngamashishini karhulumente, njenge-Bor complex (imigodi kunye neshishini lezemigodi) okanye ishishini lezixhobo e- ?a?ak, Uลพice, Kragujevac kwaye nangokunjalo. Kukwakho neenkampani ezikwinqanaba eliphakathi kunye nezincinci ezityalwa eluntwini ezingekabiyelwa bucala, kwaye kulo nyaka uphelileyo urhulumente wagqiba ekubeni azibhangise. Oku kubhangiswa akusekelwanga kwizizathu zoqoqosho - sisigqibo sezopolitiko ngokupheleleyo ukuvala zonke iinkampani ezisaseleyo ezityalwa ekuhlaleni. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoQoqosho ikubiza ngokuthi "kushishino lwabucala ngokutshona." Isigqibo asikho mthethweni ngokupheleleyo. Umthetho waseSerbia malunga nokutshona kwemali uyazichaza izizathu zokuqalisa inkqubo yokubhangisa, kwaye umyalelo karhulumente wokubulala inkampani eqhuba kakuhle ngenxa yokuba inetyala loluntu awukho omnye wabo. Esi sigqibo saba ngunobangela woqhanqalazo oluninzi kulo nyaka uphelileyo, kwaye elona qela linamandla labasebenzi lisalwa leli laseRavanica lisuka e?uprija. Ngehlobo eligqithileyo abasebenzi balo bavale umzi-mveliso ngeenjongo zokuthintela abantu bakarhulumente ekubeni bathathele kuwo ulawulo. Uqhanqalazo lufumene inkxaso emandla eluntwini, ingakumbi emva kokuba amaphephandaba epapashe into yokuba iRavanica ayingomzi-mveliso wokugqibela kwi-?uprija elungiselelwe ushishino lwabucala, kodwa ikwanguye kuphela osasebenza, kwaye osebenza kakuhle kakhulu. I-?uprija ibikade inemizi-mveliso emininzi eyaziwayo, kwaye zonke zavalwa okanye zatshona kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwezinto zabucala. Urhulumente woyika ukuba oku kuya kuqalisa ingxoxo engakumbi malunga nempumelelo yenkqubo yokwenziwa kwabucala eSerbia, ngoko ke barhoxa eRavanica baza baqinisekisa ulawulo oludala njengolusemthethweni. Okwangoku iRavanica yinkampani yokugqibela ehlala ehlala eSerbia ehlala isebenza.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiinkampani ezityala urhulumente, urhulumente uceba ukuthengisa umzi-mveliso wamachiza iGalenika, iTelekom Company, iJAT Airways kunye ne-Elektrodistribucija. Bagqibe ekubeni bathengise iTelekom kulo nyaka, nto leyo ebangele uqhanqalazo olumandla loluntu. Zombini iimanyano ezinkulu zeTelekom zichasene noshishino lwabucala, kwaye zixhaswa ziinkcuba-buchopho ezininzi, ezinye imidiya (IRiphabliki kwaye Balkan kwi-intanethi) kunye nowayesakuba nguMphathiswa wezoNxibelelwano. Singalindela umlo omkhulu ngalo mba kweli hlobo.
AG: Iqela lokulwa iNkululeko, okanye Pokret za Slobodu eYugoslav, lilungu leKomiti yoLungelelaniso loKhuselo lwaBasebenzi eSerbia. Zithini iindaba ezivela ngezantsi? Enye yeenjongo zoMlo weNkululeko, we Intshukumo, kukuncedisa ekuyileni ulwakhiwo oluthe tyaba, olunomfuziselo, oluzilawulayo oluya kuvumela abasebenzi bokwenyani ukuba bazisebenzele - umanyano lwemanyano yabasebenzi. Iyintoni inyaniso yokuchasana kwabasebenzi bezikhundla kunye neefayile, kwaye yintoni ubudlelwane kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi endala, ethe nkqo?
FF: Uqhanqalazo lonyaka ophelileyo lubangelwe ziziphumo zenkqubo yoshishino lwabucala. Ushishino lwabucala alukwazanga ukubonelela ngophuhliso lwezoqoqosho oluthenjisiweyo, kwaye emva kokuba le ngxaki igxininiswe ngakumbi yintlekele yezoqoqosho kwihlabathi, abantu baqala ukubamba uqhankqalazo kunye noqhanqalazo. Iikhontrakthi ezininzi zabucala ziye zarhoxiswa (Zastava elektro, Vrลกa?ki vinogradi, Ikarbus...), yaye uninzi lwala maqela abasebenzi aseka iKomiti yoLungelelaniso loNxibelelwano lwaBasebenzi. UPokret za slobodu ukwalilungu leKomiti yoLungelelaniso. Ukusekwa kwale Komiti bekungekokusabela kuphela kwimigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, kodwa nakwimigaqo-nkqubo yeemanyano ezinkulu. Ibifudula ingumsebenzi walo mbutho ukudibanisa amaqela abasebenzi aqhankqalazayo, kodwa endaweni yoko bakhetha ukuthatha icala likarhulumente. Ngexesha loqhanqalazo lwabasebenzi bakwaZastava elektroni, siye sabona imanyano yabasebenzi imosha isicwangciso sabasebenzi sokuququzelela uqhanqalazo phambi kwesakhiwo se-Privatization Agency's (PA) eBelgrade. Emva koko uPokret za slobodu wabiza abasebenzi baseZrenjanin naseBelgrade ukuba babancede - baququzelela imiboniso kunye, kwaye oko kwaba sisiqalo seKomiti yoLungelelaniso. Uqhanqalazo lweZastava elektro luphumelele. I-PA yaphoqeleka ukuba irhoxise ikhontrakthi yabucala, kodwa kwiinyanga ezimbini ezidlulileyo bathengisa i-Zastava elektro kwakhona kwiNkampani yaseYura evela eMzantsi Korea. Amagosa aseYura avala umbutho womanyano, kwaye uninzi lwabasebenzi bakudala ababekuqhanqalazo lwalo nyaka uphelileyo bawushiya umzi-mveliso. Bavakalelwa kukuba intengiso entsha yenkampani luhlobo lokuziphindezela ngurhulumente ngoqhanqalazo. Ngaphaya koko, oonondaba abaxhasa uRhulumente ngoku bayabahlasela ngokuthi bayonqena - ukuba "kunyaka ophelileyo bebeqhankqalazela imisebenzi yabo, kodwa xa inkampani yaseKorea ibanika imisebenzi, bayala ukusebenza!" Kwelinye icala, uqhankqalazo lwelinye iqela leKomiti yoLungelelaniso, abasebenzi baseTrudbenik gradnja, aluzange luphumelele nangona babebonisa ukuba umphathi wabo wayesaphula kanobom isivumelwano sokwenza izinto zabucala. I-PA yabamkela ubungqina babo, yaze yakhupha ingxelo eneenkcukacha yamaphepha alikhulu malunga nendlela umphathi awayewophula ngayo umthetho, kodwa ke bathi., "Kulungile, beninyanisile, uniphanga nobabini kunye norhulumente, kubi kakhulu, kodwa asizukusophula isivumelwanoโ. Nje kanjalo. Ngoba? Kaloku lo ibingumyalezo ocacileyo kubo bonke abanye abasebenzi ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni xa benovukelo, ingakumbi xa besenza ngaphandle kwemibutho yabasebenzi. Iindleko zoku kubasebenzi zaziphezulu kakhulu - abasebenzi baseTrudbenik abangaphezu kwama-200 bagxothwa ngumphathi ngenxa yoqhanqalazo. Ekuqaleni koqhankqalazo kweyeThupha kulo nyaka uphelileyo bebesazi ukuba kuzakwenzeka ntoni xa benokuthi balujike lube luqhankqalazo oluchasene nekhontrakthi yoshishino lwabucala. Kodwa bathathe umngcipheko, besazi ukuba ukucinywa kwesivumelwano sokwenza izinto zabucala yayikuphela kwethuba labo lokubuyisela imisebenzi. Yayinguye-okanye-bona, kwaye bangqina ukuba umthetho ukwicala labo, kodwa ngoku baphumile, hayi umphathi. Kwangaxeshanye, abasebenzi bakwaZastava elektro bohlwaywa ngoqhankqalazo lwabo lonyaka ophelileyo. IKomiti yoNxibelelwano isekude ukuba yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba ibancede, ngaphandle kokubamba uqhanqalazo oluninzi, ngoko ke ngoku imeko ayibonakali kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, silindele igagasi elitsha loqhanqalazo kweli hlotyeni, kwaye elo iya kuba lithuba lombutho wethu - iKomiti yoLungelelaniso loKhuphiswano lwaBasebenzi eSerbia - ukukhula ngamandla.
AG: Ngaba le yeyona nto intsha kugxilwe kuyo kumsebenzi wakho wangoku? Ngaba kukho naziphi na iinzame zokubhala amava onyaka ophelileyo kunye nomzabalazo wakho womanyano lomanyano oluchaseneyo lngobusela esibaziyo njengeprivatization?
FF: Ngaphandle komsebenzi wethu kwiKomiti yoLungelelaniso, iPokret za slobodu ngoku izama ukwandisa inethiwekhi. Ngoku siseka unxibelelwano nemibutho yabalimi. Baliqela elicinezelwe ngokupheleleyo ngurhulumente kuba abanalo inqanaba lombutho olomeleleyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba balwe kakhulu ngokuchasene namanyathelo karhulumente atshabalalisa uqoqosho lwabo, okanye ngokuchasene norhwebo lwabucala kunye neemveliso zezolimo ezisisiqhamo se. umsebenzi wabo. Lo ngumba obaluleke kakhulu apha, kuba abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 eSerbia bahlala kuphela kwezolimo njengobomi babo.
Ngoku sisebenzela ifilimu kunye nencwadi malunga noqhanqalazo lonyaka ophelileyo, kuba sikholelwa ukuba kubalulekile ukuhlalutya oko kwenzeka ngokwenene, ukubaluleka kwayo okuqhubekayo. nokuba sinike icala lethu lebali. Umshicileli waseSerbia ubhala malunga nemiba yabasebenzi kuphela kwimbono yezopolitiko ezinkulu okanye imibutho emikhulu, kwaye sifuna ukubonisa iimbono zabantu ababekho kwimibhikisho. Olu qhankqalazo aluyonto nje yepolitiki yomntu, luphuma ebantwini, into esiyenzayo kukwenza ukuba aba bantu baviwe.
AG: Ngokombono wam, enye yezinto "balkanopolitan" ngokwenene kuluntu lwaseBalkan kunye neSerbia ngamaRoma - umzabalazo wabo ngokuchasene nolawulo, igunya elibekwe ngurhulumente kunye nolawulo, ngokuchasene noqoqosho lwemarike kunye neenkqubo zombuso wobusoshiyali kunye nongxowankulu, kunye. kunye nenkcubeko yabo, yimpembelelo enamandla yokuphupha enye iBalkans. Kwelinye icala, yaye ngenxa yesi sizathu kanye, babesele belelona qela linye licinezelwe kakhulu kumazwe aseBalkan.
I-FF: I-Roman kuphela kweqela e-Serbia eshiywe ngokupheleleyo kwikamva layo. Yimeko elusizi neyintlekele. Inani labantu abahluphekayo abahambahambayo ngoku likhulu ngakumbi ngenxa yeendlela zokungabandakanywa kurhulumente weniyoliberal. AmaRomany ahlala ezitratweni, aqokelela inkunkuma namaphepha ukuze aphile. Olunye uqikelelo lubeka inani lamaRomany eSerbia kuma-600,000, nangona ubalo lwango-2002 lwabhalisa kuphela abantu abayi-102,193 njengamaRomany. Ngokutsho kwengxelo ye-UNICEF malunga nemeko yabantwana be-Roma kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseSerbia (2006), phantse i-70% yabantwana be-Roman bahluphekile kwaye ngaphezu kwe-60% yamakhaya aseRoma kunye nabantwana bahlala phantsi komgca wentlupheko. Abantwana ngabona basemngciphekweni kakhulu, bahlala ngaphandle kwezixeko kumakhaya anabantwana abaliqela. Bangaphezu kwama-80% abantwana abangamaRomany abangathathi ntweni bahlala kwiintsapho apho abantu abadala bangenayo imfundo esisiseko.
AG: Kwaye okwangoku, indawo ye-activist eSerbia, ngokoluvo lwam, iqhawukene kakhulu kwezi nyani - okanye ubuncinci kuxa ndandihlala eSerbia. Ndiyathemba ukuba ezinye izinto zatshintsha zaba ngcono ukusukela ngoko, kwaye ngoku kukho iinzame zokuzisa ubudlelwane obusebenzayo, ukulungelelaniswa koluntu, kunye "nokukhatshwa" kwimeko yaseRoma eSerbia naseBalkans. ngokupheleleyo.
F Ukususela kwi "inguqu"inkqubo yaqala ngo-2001, eyona ngxaki inkulu kuluntu lwaseSerbia olushiyekileyo yayingeyonyaniso yokuba yayincinci, ibuthathaka, yongezwa ngamaNazi njalo njalo, kodwa yayingenabuchule kwaye ingazi nto ngeengxaki zasekhaya. Amandla amaninzi achithwa kwimisebenzi engenanto yakwenza neengxaki zabasebenzi baseSerbia "inguqu.โ Kwaye ezo ngxaki zazinkulu โ zinkulu kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa kwaye zingajongwa. Ngeso sizathu sinokuthi ngoku kube lithamsanqa ukuba uninzi lwemisebenzi yeqela lasekhohlo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo ihambe ingabonwa luluntu ngokubanzi. Kwakulihlazo ukuba neenkokeli ezizichaza ngokwazo ze-anarchosyndicalist zishumayela ngokuchasene nokuthengiswa kwabantu babucala ngokwembono yembono, kodwa ngaphandle kolwazi malunga nomxholo wendawo, ngokungathi bavele bawela kwelinye ilizwe. Kangangeminyaka yayisithi kuphela kweqela elalisebenza nabantu bokwenyani kugwayimbo. Kodwa ukusukela kulo nyaka uphelileyo oku kuqalile ukutshintsha: kukho iindibano ezininzi zaseBelgrade ngoku ezizama ukuxhasa amaqela ahlukeneyo abantu kugwayimbo okanye kolunye uhlobo loqhanqalazo, olubaluleke kakhulu kuba ngokwandisa intshukumo yethu kuphela indawo ekhoyo yasekhohlo. qala ukwenza impembelelo, nangona okwangoku isencinci.
U-Andrej Grubacic ulilungu leGlobal Balkan Network, i-Industrial Workers of the World, kunye ne-Workers Solidarity Alliance, kunye nombhali wencwadi ezayo ethi Musa ukuZila i-Balkanize! Izincoko Emva kweYugoslavia (PM Press 2010)
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela