Umthombo: Inyaniso
Kuphuhliso olubalulekileyo lokuphendula kwaSirayeli, uFatou Bensouda, umtshutshisi oyintloko weNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho lwamazwe ngamazwe (ICC), ufuna ukuqalisa uphando malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe olwenziwe ePalestina. Kodwa useke imeko engeyomfuneko nerhanelekayo kwezopolitiko ukucothisa inkqubo.
Emva kovavanyo lokuqala lweminyaka emihlanu, uBensouda wafumana isiseko esifanelekileyo sokwenza uphando "imeko yasePalestina.” “Wanelisekile kukuba (i) ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe lwenziwa okanye lwenziwa kwi-West Bank, kuquka i-East Jerusalem kunye ne-Gaza Strip . . . (ii) amatyala anokuthi avele ngenxa yale meko aya kwamkelwa; kwaye (iii) akukho zizathu zibambekayo zokukholelwa ukuba uphando alunakunceda ubulungisa.”
U-Bensouda waqala uviwo lokuqala kwiinyanga ezintandathu emva kwe-Israel kaJulayi 2014 "I-Operation Protective Edge," ngexesha apho. Imikhosi yomkhosi yakwaSirayeli yabulala abantu basePalestina abangama-2,200, phantse isinye kwikota yabo ingabantwana yaye ngaphezu kwama-80 ekhulwini kube ngabemi.
Kuviwo lokuqala, iOfisi yoMtshutshisi ithatha isigqibo sokuba: ulwaphulo-mthetho luwela phantsi kolawulo lwe-ICC; kukho iinkqubo zelizwe lokwenene; kwaye ukuqala kophando kuya kuqhubela phambili iimfuno zobulungisa kunye namaxhoba.
Kuphando, umtshutshisi uvelisa ubungqina, achonge abarhanelwa, kwaye enze isicelo somyalelo wokubamba kunye nesamanisi ukuba avele phambi kweNkundla.
UBensouda ucela iNkundla ukuba igqibe ekubeni inolawulo na
UBensouda ufake i-a Uxwebhu olunamaphepha angama-112 kunye neNkundla yaPhambi kokuTyalwa kwamatyala. Ufumene isiseko esivakalayo sokukholelwa ukuba imikhosi yase-Israel yenza izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zokubulala ngabom, ngokubangela ukwenzakala okukhulu emzimbeni okanye kwimpilo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngendlela engafanelekanga, ukudluliselwa kwabemi bakwa-Israeli kwintsimi yasePalestina eWest Bank, kunye nokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi. Abantu abangama-200 basePalestina ngexesha loqhanqalazo kucingo lwase-Israel-Gaza. Uphinde wakhankanya isiseko esibambekayo sokuphanda ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe olunokubakho ngabantu basePalestine, kuquka uhlaselo lwangabom olujoliswe kubemi, ukusebenzisa abantu njengamakhaka abantu, kunye nekhomishini yokuthuthumbisa kunye nokubulawa kwabantu ngabom.
Umtshutshisi ngewayeluqalise uphando ngaphandle kokucela imvume yeNkundla. UBensouda uzimisele “ukuba ngenene iNkundla inalo igunya elifunekayo kule meko.” Kodwa ngenxa “yemiba yomthetho neyenyani eyodwa nephikishelwayo kakhulu,” ngakumbi umba “wommandla apho uphando lunokuthi lwenzelwa khona,” ucele iNdlu yovavanyo lwangaphambili ukuba ithathe isigqibo malunga “nomda wolawulo lwendawo” i-ICC phantsi kwe Ummiselo waseRoma. UBensouda ufuna isiqinisekiso sokuba "ummandla" ophantsi kophando "ubandakanya iWest Bank, kubandakanya i-East Jerusalem, kunye neGaza." Ucebisa ukuba umba wolawulo “usonjululwe ngaphandle kokulibazisa okungafanelekanga.”
USirayeli akalo qela kuMthetho waseRoma. I-ICC, nangona kunjalo, inokusebenzisa igunya phezu kwabemi bomntu ongekho kwiqela ukuba benza ulwaphulo-mthetho "kwindawo" yeqela likarhulumente. Ngo-2012, iPalestine yamkelwa njengelizwe elingelolungu lomkhi-mkhanyo kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo. IsiGqibo seNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo 67/19. IPalestine yasivuma isiVumelwano saseRome yaza yaba lilungu laMazwe ngaMaqela eNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho yaMazwe ngaMazwe.
Ilizwe lasePalestine, elamkele isigqibo sikaBensouda sokuqalisa uphando, phawula ukuba umtshutshisi we-ICC “unegunya phezu kommandla othathiweyo weState of Palestine, ekubeni iPalestine liQela leLizwe kwiSivumelwano saseRome nokuba iState of Palestine inike uMtshutshisi igunya lokujonga ulwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwe kummandla wayo.”
Sirayeli ngqubana ukuba “iLizwe lasePalestina elizimeleyo alikho, kwanokuba umqathango wolawulo lweNkundla ngoko awunakuzalisekiswa. Oku kungenxa yokuba ulongamo kwi-West Bank kunye neGaza Strip lusahleli, kwaye iqumrhu lasePalestine liyasilela ngokubonakalayo ukufikelela kwiikhrayitheriya zokuba ngurhulumente phantsi komthetho jikelele wamazwe ngamazwe. " Ngokombono wakhe wezomthetho, iGqwetha lika-Israel u-Avichai Mandelblit wabhala, "iGunya lasePalestina alinalo ulawulo olusebenzayo kumhlaba ochaphazelekayo (kwaye ngokubanga ukuba lo mmandla umiwe nguSirayeli, ngokusisiseko uyavuma ukuba kunjalo)." Ubanga ukuba ngenxa yokuba kungekho lizwe lizimeleyo lasePalestine, akukho “ndawo” apho iNkundla inokusebenzisa igunya layo.
Nangona kunjalo, i-Israel ithatha imimandla yasePalestina, engayiniki ubukhosi bukaSirayeli phezu kwayo. I-Al-Haq, iZiko le-Al-Mezan lamaLungelo oLuntu (i-Al-Mezan) kunye neZiko lePalestine lamaLungelo oLuntu (PCHR) likhuphe ingxelo edibeneyo esithi, “uSirayeli akanalo igunya elilawulayo, kodwa igunya lokulawula ngokwenyani lisekelwe kulawulo lokwenyani nolunokubakho ngokusebenzayo ngokwemiqathango yobukho bomkhosi kunye nokubeka amagunya endaweni yegunya…” ithathelwe ummandla wasePalestine ngeenjongo ezinxulumene nokukhuselwa kwabantu abathinjiweyo ngenxa yokuba le ndawo iphantsi kolawulo lwayo lwexeshana kunye nomkhosi wasemkhosini. Oku akuniki nangayiphi na indlela amalungelo okulawula kwaSirayeli kulo mmandla,” babhala njalo.
Kwakutheni ukuze uBensouda alibazise uPhando?
Umba wolawulo lwemimandla “yindawo engafunekiyo nengafunekiyo” elingana “nokulibaziseka okungeyomfuneko ekuqhubeleni phambili kwemeko kuphando olupheleleyo,” imibutho yasePalestina yaphawula. Ekubeni imibandela yolawulo idla ngokugqitywa ebudeni boviwo lokuqala, la maqela abuza isizathu sokuba “ngoku nje umbuzo wolawulo lwemimandla uye wabekwa phambili?”
Emva kokuba uBensouda ebonise ukuba unqwenela ukuvula uphando, wayenjalo ihlaziywe ngamaphephandaba akwaSirayeli, eyathi “utshaba lukawonke-wonke oluphambili.”
U-Bensouda unokoyika iziphumo ezongezelelweyo ukuba uqhubeka nophando ngaphandle kwesigwebo somthetho esivela kwiNkundla. Ngo-Epreli ka-2019, emva kokuba ecele iNkundla ukuba ivule uphando kulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe olwenziwe yimikhosi yase-Afghan kunye ne-US e-Afghanistan, I-United States yarhoxisa i-visa yakhe. INkundla ngoko khanyela Isicelo sikaBensouda sokusungula uphando, ekhankanya "iminqweno yobulungisa." Unobhala welizwe uMike Pompeo woyikise ngokuthatha amanye amanyathelo ngakubaphandi abathatha inxaxheba kuphando lwe-ICC.
Nangona uBill Clinton watyikitya uMthetho waseRoma, iUnited States ayizange ivume. Enyanisweni, uGeorge W. Bush warhoxisa utyikityo lwe-US kumthetho ngo-2002. UMthetho woKhuseleko lwaMalungu eNkonzo yaseMelika ukuthintela ukutshutshiswa kwemikhosi exhobileyo yase-US kwi-ICC. Ilungiselelo elinye, elibizwa ngokuba “nguMthetho woHlaselo lwaseHague,” ligunyazise ukusetyenziswa kwezigalo ukukhupha nayiphi na i-US okanye ilizwe elimanyeneyo elivalelwe yi-ICC. Ulawulo lukaBush luye lwanyelisa amazwe ali-100 awayeyinxalenye yalo mthetho ngokuwanyanzela ukuba atyikitye izivumelwano zokungakhuseli macala omabini ethembisa ukunganikeli abantu base-US kwi-ICC okanye urhulumente wase-US uza kubabambela uncedo lwangaphandle.
Ixesha lika-Bensouda liza kuphelelwa ngo-2021 kwaye ukuqwalaselwa kweNkundla malunga nomba wolawulo kunokudlulela ngaphaya kwenkonzo yakhe. Oko kunokunciphisa nayiphi na imiphumo emibi anokuba nayo.
Inkulumbuso yakwaSirayeli uBenjamin UNetanyahu wadubula iBensouda ngenjongo yokuqalisa uphando, emtyhola ngokukhanyela “inyaniso xa esithi kwa kanye isenzo samaYuda awayehlala kwilizwe lookhokho bawo, ilizwe leBhayibhile, sisenzo solwaphulo-mthetho semfazwe esi. Ngokufanayo, uBenny Gantz owayechasene noNetanyahu kwezobupolitika wathi “umkhosi wamaSirayeli ngowona mkhosi ubalaseleyo ehlabathini” yaye “umkhosi wamaSirayeli neLizwe lakwaSirayeli awenzi kulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe.”
Enyanisweni, kukho ukongamela ubungqina ukumiselwa kukaSirayeli kulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe, kuquka ukubulala ngabom; ukubangela ngabom ukubandezeleka okukhulu okanye ukwenzakala okukhulu emzimbeni okanye empilweni; ukutshatyalaliswa ngokungekho mthethweni nokungafunwayo, ukutshabalalisa okukhulu kunye nokwabiwa kwempahla okungathethelelekiyo ngokweemfuno zomkhosi; kunye nokuhlasela kwangabom kubantu abangabemi.
Ngaphezu koko, ekupheleni kwe-2018, u-Israyeli wayenakho ngokungekho mthethweni kudluliselwe abahlali abangama-628,000 bakwaSirayeli ukuya kwiindawo zokuhlala kwi-West Bank, kuquka ne-East Jerusalem. Umthetho waseRoma idwelisa njengolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe, "Ukugqithiselwa, ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo, ngaMandla okuHlala kwenxalenye yabemi bayo basekuhlaleni kwindawo ekuyo."
"Emva kweminyaka engama-71 yokuqhubeka kweNakba kunye neminyaka engama-52 yomkhosi wasemkhosini, lifikile ixesha lokuphelisa ukungohlwaywa kulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe lwakwaSirayeli kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olunxamnye noluntu olwenziwa ekuqhubeleni phambili ubukoloniyali belizwe lasePalestine," imibutho yamalungelo oluntu yasePalestina yabhengeza. I-Nakba, isiArabhu esithetha "intlekele," ibhekisela kwi ukuhlanjululwa kohlanga lwasePalestina, njengoko abemi basePalestina abangama-750,00 1947 babaleka okanye bagxothwa kumakhaya abo ukususela ngowe-1949 ukusa kowe-1967 ebudeni bokudalwa kukaSirayeli. Ngowe-XNUMX, emva kweMfazwe yeeNtsuku eziNtanda. I-Israel yazihlutha ngomkhosi imimandla yasePalestina.
Ukuziphendulela kulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe yakwaSirayeli kudala kwadlula. I-ICC kufuneka iqinisekise ngokukhawuleza uphando lukaBensouda.
Akuvumelekanga Thunti. Iphinde yashicilelwa ngemvume.
UMarjorie Cohn ngunjingalwazi ophumeleleyo eThomas Jefferson School of Law, owayesakuba ngumongameli weNational Lawyers Guild, usekela-nobhala jikelele weInternational Association of Democratic Lawyers kunye nelungu lebhodi yabacebisi yamaVeterans for Peace. Eyona ncwadi yakhe yamvanje Iidrones kunye nokubulawa okujoliswe kuyo: iMiba yoMthetho, iSimo sokuziphatha kunye neGeopolitical.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela