ISiqithi saseWhidbey saseWashington State sineengxaki zokungonelanga kwamanzi. Ifumaneka kwi-Puget Sound, abahlali kufuneka bajongane nehlobo elide, elomileyo ngaphandle kokuzaliswa kwe-aquifer kunye nezisongelo eziqhubekayo zokungena kwamanzi etyuwa.
Kodwa ngoku kufuneka bajongane noMkhosi waManzi wase-US ungenisa imichiza eyityhefu kumaqula oluntu nabucala eSiqithi saseWhidbey, ngakumbi kwindawo ejikeleze idolophu encinci yaseCoupeville, apho uMkhosi waManzi ugcina umtya womoya osetyenziswa kakhulu ukuziqhelanisa nokufika nokuhamba, phakathi kwezinye imithambo.
UCate Andrews ulilungu le Abemi be-Ebeys Reserve (COER), iqela labemi bendawo abasebenza ukukhusela umhlaba wabo, amakhaya kunye nempilo ekungcoleni okusingqongileyo kunye nesandi esivela kwi-US Navy. U-Andrews uthe amanye amaqula ase-Coupeville aqulethe iikhemikhali ezinobuthi ezivela kwi-Navy's firefighting foam exercises kumanqanaba angama-400 ekhulwini ngaphezu koko i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo (EPA) ibona ukuba yamkelekile.
"Abahlali banikwa amanzi asebhotileni nguMkhosi wamanzi, kodwa balumkiswa ukuba bangaseli, bapheke okanye bankcenkceshele igadi zabo," utshilo u-Andrews. โUmkhosi wamanzi uthi, 'Musa ukuzikhathaza ngokuhlamba,' kodwa uphando lubonise ukuba ezi khemikhali zisasazwa ngokufunxwa kwesikhumba. Amakhaya axabisa ngaphezu kwesigidi seerandi akathengeki, kwaye abantu babanjiwe.โ
Iikhemikhali, iPerfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) kunye nePerfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), zizinto ze-perfluoroalkyl (PFASs), ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-PFCs, kwaye zivela kwi-AFFF igwebu lokucima umlilo elisetyenziswa kuqeqesho loqeqesho kwi-Navy's Outlying Landing Field (OLF) e-Coupeville nase-Ault. Intsimi e-Oak Harbour, eyokugqibela yona iseNaval Air Station Whidbey.
"Baye bafunyanwa kwi-aquifer engaphantsi kwe-airstrip ye-OLF ngo-Okthobha we-2016 kwaye bayaziwa ukuba bafudukele ngaphandle kwendawo ukuze bangcolise amanzi okusela kawonkewonke kunye nangasese," uRick Abraham, osebenze kwimiba yongcoliseko oluyityhefu njengommeli womdla woluntu kwi-30. iminyaka, uxelele i-Truthout.
NgoDisemba ophelileyo, ibali lenziwe umboniso kamabonakude wengingqi.
Umthombo we-Coupeville ongakhuselekanga kunye nongcolileyo, ohlala ecaleni kwe-OLF, unikezela ngamanzi afakwe kwi-PFAS kwizikolo, amashishini, iSibhedlele esiPhakathi saseWhidbey kunye namakhulu eentsapho. Ukusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-2016, ezinye iintsapho ezinamaqula angcolisekileyo kufutshane ne-OLF kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba zibalahle kwaye zisele, zipheke kwaye zixube amazinyo ngamanzi kwiibhotile zeplastiki, ngokuka-Abraham, ophande ungcoliseko lwePFAS kwinani lamazwe, ethatha iisampulu, ukunxibelelana namagosa alawulayo kunye nokuphanda ngamaxwebhu enkampani yangaphakathi yokwenzakala kwezempilo okunxulumene nePFAS.
Kunye ne-Navy obfuscation eqhubekayo malunga nale ngxaki, iSebe lezeMpilo leSiqithi saseWhidbey - elichaze uMkhosi waManzi "njengeqabane" - lisebenze ngokukhutheleyo noMkhosi waManzi ekuqulunqeni umyalezo wesebe lezempilo malunga nokungcoliseka kuluntu. Isebe lezempilo liye lagcina imfihlo eluntwini isicwangciso sokuvavanya amaqula kuluntu - ngokwesicelo soMkhosi waManzi - kwaye ngubani ongazange avumele abemi ukuba banike igalelo kwinto evavanyiweyo kwaye ngawaphi amanqanaba.
Kwaye le asiyonto intsha.
Nazi imizekelo emininzi kulo lonke ilizwe loMkhosi woMkhosi wamanzi angcolisekileyo ngeenxa zonke iziseko zayo ngeekhemikhali eziyityhefu. Ukusukela kunyaka ophelileyo, zikho ngokoqobo amakhulu eedolophu kwilizwe liphela ukujongana nale nto okanye imiba efanayo.
Ngeli xesha, i-Naval Air Station i-Whidbey isandula ukwandisa ngokumangalisayo inqwelo-moya ye-"Growler", eyona nqwelo-moya ikhwaza kakhulu kwiplanethi, kunye nemisebenzi ehambelana nayo iya kwanda.
Abemi njenge "Collateral Damage"
Uninzi lwabahlali abangqonge i-NAS Whidbey, i-OLF Coupeville, ezinye iziqithi e-Puget Sound, i-Olympic Peninsula kunye nabantu baseKhanada abahlala kwi-Victoria ekufutshane kwi-Vancouver Island baye baqhelana ne-jet yokugqobhoza iindlebe koomatshini bokulwa boMkhosi waManzi.
Izicwangciso zomkhosi waselwandle woku ukuqhuba uqeqesho lwemfazwe ye-electromagnetic kuSingasiqithi weOlimpiki, kunye nento yokuba babenayo sele bekwenza oko koohola bendlela bengazi ngabahlali, kunye neendaba zoMkhosi waManzi kuvunyelwe ukubulala okanye ukuhlukumeza malunga ne-12 lezigidi zeminenga, amahlengesi, iiporpoise, iingonyama zolwandle kunye neentini ngaphesheya koLwandlekazi loMntla wePasifiki kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu zizinto abantu kulo mmandla abaye baqhela ukuziva ngabamelwane babo baselwandle.
Izibongozo zabahlali malunga nale miba (kunye abanye abaninzi abaxhalabileyo) ubukhulu becala abakhange bahoywe, okanye ngamanye amaxesha abahlali baye bakhutyekiswa nguMkhosi waManzi.
Umba weekhemikhali ezinetyhefu kumanzi okusela okuhlala, nangona kunjalo, abantu baye bachaphazeleka ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye abaninzi bayacatshukiswa yinto abayibona njengento yokufihla.
"Lonke uvavanyo 'lwe-PFAS' olusemthethweni [lwezinto ze-perfluoroalkyl] olwenziwe kuluntu luye lwe-PFOA [Perfluoroheptanoic acid] kuphela, i-PFOS kunye ne-PFBS [Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid]," watsho uAbraham. "Idolophu yaseCoupeville iye yavavanywa ngokuzimeleyo amanzi ayo, kodwa njengovavanyo olwenziwe nguMkhosi waManzi, iPFHxS [Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid] kunye nePFHpA [Perfluoroheptanoic acid] azikhange zihoywe."
Uye wongeza ukuba akukho zimbekiselo kwezi khemikhali zinokufunyanwa โkwiipowusta ezinemibala kunye nemathiriyeli kwiintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke zoMkhosi woMkhosi woMkhosi weNavy,โ kwaye azikhankanywanga kwiwebhusayithi yolwazi yeNavy, okanye iiwebhusayithi zeIsland County kunye neCoupeville.
"Into eyenziwa nguMbutho waManzi kunye namagosa amaninzi oluntu njengexabiso elamkelekileyo le-PFAS emanzini okusela kucingwa ngoososayensi abaninzi ukuba bayingozi kwimpilo yabantu," wongezelela uAbraham.
IiPFASs zakha kwaye zihlala emzimbeni ixesha elide. Kuthatha iminyaka esibhozo ukuya kwesithoba ukususa isiqingatha sesixa se-PFHxS esele sisegazini, iminyaka emibini ukuya kwemine kwiPFOA, kunye neminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwemithandathu kwiPFOS. Ngokusela amanzi angcolileyo, unokuba neePFAS ezininzi egazini lakho kunasemanzini ngenxa yesiphumo se-bio-accumulative.
Ngokutsho kwe-Arhente ye-Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, uphando lubonisa ukuba ii-PFAS zinokuthi, "zichaphazela usana olusakhulayo kunye nomntwana, kuquka utshintsho olunokwenzeka ekukhuleni, ekufundeni nakwindlela yokuziphatha. Ukongezelela, zisenokunciphisa inzala zize ziphazamise iincindi zamadlala zemvelo zomzimba, zandise i<em>cholesterol, zichaphazele inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, zide zandise nomhlaza.โ
โUmkhosi wamanzi wazi ngamaqula angcolisekileyo iminyaka, kwaye ngoku uthatha inyathelo emva kwesoyikiso sokuvezwa esidlangalaleni,โ utshilo u-Andrews.
NgoJanuwari, u-Andrews uxelele iNyaniso ukuba uMkhosi waManzi wawuvavanya amaqula ali-100 e-Coupeville kumgama oyimayile enye ye-OLF, kodwa ngalo lonke ixesha kufunyanwa omnye umthombo ongcolisekileyo, uMkhosi waManzi wawususa enye imayile.
"Ndiyakholelwa ukuba iSiqithi saseWhidbey sinokuchaphazeleka kokusingqongileyo ngaphandle kokuba siphinde siphinde siphinde siphinde sibuyiselwe, kanye njengokuba iye yatshatyalaliswa ngokwenkcubeko kukungakhathali kunye nokuphathwa gadalala kwabo bahlala apha," utshilo. Ngubani oza kuhlawulela konke oku kucoca? Amanzi kunye nomoya zisengozini, impilo yabemi ibekwe emngciphekweni, ukanti uMkhosi waManzi - onokuziqhelanisa ngokulula nemithambo yawo kwenye indawo kwaye uqale ukucoca kanzima ngoku - ukhethe ukungazi ngabom kunye nekratshi. โ
Zininzi ezinye iimpembelelo zempilo ezivela kwiikhemikhali ezongezelelwe nguNavy kumanzi okusela eSiqithi saseWhidbey.
Izifundo, kubandakanywa nezo zinxulumene nokuvezwa kwabantwana, zibonisa ukuba ii-PFASs zinokunciphisa impendulo yomzimba kugonyo oluthile kwaye yonyuse umngcipheko wosulelo. Ukongeza, abantwana abanamanqanaba aphezulu egazi le-PFHxS bafunyenwe benethuba elongeziweyo lokujonga-intsilelo/yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (ADHD), kunye neekhompawundi ezine-perfluorinated, ezifana ne-PFHxS, zichaphazela umsebenzi wee-receptors ze-sex.
Ngelixa inqanaba le-EPA "elamkelekileyo" le-PFOA kunye ne-PFOS emanzini okusela ngamalungu angama-70 ngetriliyoni (ppt), eli nqanaba liye lagxekwa ngokubanzi njengelingakhuseli. Ngenxa yoko, amazwe amaninzi amisele imigangatho eyongayo.
Inqanaba lesikhokelo saManzi okusela eMinnesota yi-35 ppt ye-PFOA kunye ne-27 ye-PFOS, ngelixa inqanaba leengcebiso ngempilo yamanzi okusela yaseVermont kwi-PFOA yi-20 ppt.
IVermont ayicebisi nokuba kusetyenziswe amanzi nangaliphi na inqanaba lePFOA kwimfuyo yayo.
Ukugqiba kwam ukuvuma ukufumana amanqanaba eekhemikhali kumaqula amaninzi, uMkhosi wamanzi wanikezela ngamanzi asebhotileni ebantwini.
"Ukunikezwa kwabo ngamanzi asebhotileni kuyanceda xa ucinga ngamanani eefama eziphilayo ezikumakhulu eehektare kwesi siqithi ezithengisa iziqhamo kunye nemifuno yazo kwezinye zezona ndawo zokutyela zaziwayo eSeattle," utshilo u-Andrews.
โKwangoko, saxelelwa ngabasebenzi boMkhosi woMkhosi oliqela ukuba 'singumonakalo obambekayo' kwimfazwe yobugrogrisi, utshilo u-Andrews malunga nento awayixelelwa nguMkhosi waManzi kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo, xa into ebizwa ngokuba yimfazwe yobugrogrisi yayiqhuba i-US yangaphandle. umgaqo-nkqubo. "Kwaye nangona ndingakholelwa ekuqaleni, ngoku ndiyakholelwa ukuba yinyani le."
Ukuxoka ngoOmission
U-Karen Sullivan yingcali yebhayoloji edla umhlala-phantsi esemngciphekweni wokutshabalala obesebenza kwiNkonzo yeentlanzi zase-US kunye neZilwanyana zaseNdle iminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 kwaye uyingcaphephe kwiinkqubo ze-bureaucratic emele ukuba ilandelwe nguMkhosi waManzi, kuquka neeNgxelo zeMpembelelo yokuSingqongileyo (EIS). USullivan wadibanisa iwebhusayithi I-West Coast Action Alliance, esebenza njengomlindi wemisebenzi yasemanzini kwiPasifiki.
"Ngomnye umzekelo weziphene kule EIS, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi okusela kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo kufuphi neenqwelo zeenqwelo zeenqanawa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi azilungiswanga," uSullivan utshele iTruthout.
I-EIS yoMkhosi waManzi iqukumbela ngelithi, โAkukho zimpembelelo zibalulekileyo ezinxulumene nenkunkuma eyingozi kunye nemathiriyeli enokwenzeka ngenxa yemisebenzi yokwakha okanye ukongezwa kunye nokusebenza kwenqwelomoya eyongezelelweyo yeGrowler.โ
Kodwa ngokukaSullivan, ezi khemikhali azizange zihlalutywe kwaye zisetyenziswe ngokubambisana nokuqeqeshwa kweGrowler kunye nokusebenza iminyaka emininzi; ngoko ke, uhlalutyo lwabo akufanele lubandakanywe.
"Ngeenqwelomoya e-OLF Coupeville zinyuka zisuka kwi-3,200 ngo-2010 ukuya kutsho kwi-35,500, akukho mntu unokubanga ukuba ukunyuka kwe-1,000 ekhulwini kwiminyaka esixhenxe ekungekho luhlalutyo lwenziwa phantsi kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba okanye umhlaba alubalulekanga," watsho.
Ukupapashwa koMkhosi woMkhosi we-EIS abhekisa kuye kwaba ngoNovemba 10, 2016, kwaye ukholelwa ukuba uMkhosi waManzi โwawuzazi kakuhle iingxaki ezinokubakho ngongcoliseko lwamanzi okusela okuhlala ngenxa yoko kubizwa ngokuba 'yimbali' yokusetyenziswa kwezithinteli-mlilo kwimisebenzi yenqwelomoya. โ
NgoMeyi ka-2016, i-EPA ikhuphe iingcebiso zempilo yamanzi okusela kwii-PFC ezimbini, kwaye uMkhosi waManzi ubhengeze ngoJuni 2016 ukuba ukwinkqubo "yokuchonga kunye nokususa kunye nokutshabalalisa yonke i-perfluorooctane sulfonate yelifa (kunye ne-PFOA) equlethe i-AFFF [ukwenza ifilimu enamanzi. ugwebu].โ
Nangona kunjalo, qhubeka iphepha 3-62, i-EIS yoMkhosi woMkhosi iyagxotha inkxalabo ngengxelo emalunga nezenzo ezenzeka phantse kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo: โUkwakhiwa kolungiso kwagqitywa ngoSeptemba 1997, ukuba sesichengeni kwabantu kunye nokuchaneka kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba angcolisekileyo kuphantsi kolawulo, kwaye iiOUs eAult Field kunye neSeaplane Base zilungele ukusetyenziswa (USEPA). , 2016e).
"Ingxelo iphelelwe lixesha, kwaye iziganeko zamva nje ziyayiphikisa," utshilo uSullivan. "Kwiintsuku ezintathu phambi kokuba i-EIS ipapashwe, nge-7 kaNovemba ka-2016, uMkhosi waManzi wathumela ileta kubanini bamanzi okusela babucala nabasesidlangalaleni abangaphezu kwe-100 bevakalisa inkxalabo yokuba izinto ze-perfluoroalkyl (PFAS) ezifunyenwe ngaphantsi kwe-OLF zisasazeke ngaphaya kwepropathi yoMkhosi."
Nangona kunjalo, igama elithi "perfluoroalkyl" okanye "PFAS" alikhankanywa kube kanye kuyo yonke i-1,600-page Growler EIS, okanye i-2005 okanye i-2012 yoVavanyo lweNdalo.
IGosa leMicimbi yoLuntu loMkhosi waseNavy uMike Welding wazama ukuqinisekisa uluntu ngasekupheleni kuka-2016 kwi- udliwano-ndlebe nesikhululo sikamabonakude sasekuhlaleni: โUmkhosi wamanzi uza kubonelela abo bantu ngamanzi okusela akhuselekileyo de sifumanise indlela yokususa ungcoliseko kumthombo wamanzi, ukuhluza okanye into enjalo. Yinto esafuna ukulungiswa.โ
Ngelishwa, ngokukaSullivan, ingxelo evela kwinkqubo yeSebe lezoKhuselo ethi "MERIT" iyaphikisana nokuxilongwa koMkhosi woMkhosi: "Okwangoku, akukho tekhnoloji ye-situ kunye neendlela ezilinganiselweyo zokunyanga umhlaba okanye amanzi aphantsi komhlaba angcoliswe yi-PFCs."
"I-EIS ivala iingxoxo zayo zokungcoliswa kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba ekunyanzelweni komhlaba kunye nemiphumo yokuxinzelela ukusuka kulwakhiwo olutsha, kwaye iqukumbela ukuba akuyi kuba neempembelelo kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba," kusho uSullivan. โAkukho kukhankanywa komhlaba ongcolisekileyo kufumaneka kwi-EIS. Uphononongo olubanzi lwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezinobungozi, nangona kunjalo, zibandakanyiwe kuQeqesho loMntla-ntshona kunye noVavanyo lwe-EIS, kutheni ke uyishiya ngaphandle kweGrowler EIS? Oku kufana nokwala kukagqirha ukujonga i-EKG ebonisa ngokucacileyo isifo sentliziyo, nokuxilonga isigulana sinexhala.โ
Impendulo eqhelekileyo
โIndlela yoMkhosi waManzi kule ngxaki yongcoliseko ayahlukanga kunaleyo yakhe nawuphi na umngcolisi wemizi-mveliso omkhulu ofuna ukuphepha ukugxekwa, ukunciphisa uxanduva nokuqhubeka noshishino njengesiqhelo,โ utshilo uAbraham. "Ukujongela phantsi ubunzulu bengxaki, ukutsala uphando kunye nokugcina uluntu ebumnyameni yinto abasoloko beyenza."
Uxelele iNyaniso ukuba uMkhosi waManzi awukhange utyhile zonke izinto ezingcolisekileyo ezifunyenwe kwi-aquifer, kwaye uyilo lwabo lwe-EIS alukhange luwukhankanye umba wosulelo, nasemva kokuba uMkhosi wasemanzini wathatha isampula yamaqula kwaye wafumanisa ungcoliseko kwaye wazisa abahlali abahlala kumgama weemayile.
I-COER iphakamisa ukuba abantu abakufutshane ne-OLF banamanzi abo ngokuzimeleyo avavanywe kwiikhemikhali ezifanayo ezifunyenwe nguNavy, kwaye ukuba i-Navy ibuzwe ukuba ihlawule iimvavanyo.
"Uvavanyo lwamanzi ethu akufanele lube yinto yexesha elilodwa, kwaye uhlalutyo kufuneka luchonge iindawo ezisezantsi ezifunyenweyo zaloo michiza," i-COER's Maryon Attwood yathi kwingxelo yeendaba kulo mbandela. โSinelungelo lokwazi ukuba yintoni na esemanzini esiwaselayo.โ
UBruce Saari, omnye umhlali wexesha elide waseWhidbey Island oye wahlala iminyaka emininzi kufuphi nesiseko somkhosi wamanzi okanye i-OLF Coupeville, uphazamiseke kakhulu ngobunzima.
โOlo loyiko lwangaphambili luye lwaqondwa ndiyacinga,โ uxelele iTruthout, ebhekisa kungcoliseko olufunyenwe kwindawo yomoya. โKwaye ngoku yiCoupeville ephantsi kwelifu elinye. Ndahlala iminyaka engama-20 e-Whidbey eLong Point kufuphi ne-OLF kunye ne-Oak Harbour kufuphi nesiseko. Ndinomdla wobomi bonke kule ndawo, ndasebenza iifama ezikugcino lwase-Ebey njengomfundi, kwaye ndiziva ndiziva ndinentshabalalo malunga nolu phuhliso.โ
Izisombululo?
Yintoni i-COER, u-Abraham kunye nabanye abaninzi abahlali beSiqithi sase-Whidbey abachatshazelwa yile ngxaki bafuna nje amanzi acocekileyo nakhuselekileyo okusela, kunye nokuba uMkhosi waManzi uthabathe uxanduva kwintlekele eyibangeleyo.
U-Abraham ukholelwa ukuba uMkhosi waManzi kufuneka ukhawuleze ufake iinkqubo zokucoca ezifanelekileyo kumaqula abucala nakawonke-wonke angcolisekileyo okanye asemngciphekweni, aquka onke amaqula aseCoupeville kunye neplanti yokucoca amanzi. Ukwacinga ukuba kunengqiqo kuphela ukuba uMkhosi waManzi abonelele ngeminye imithombo yamanzi acocekileyo kuwo onke amaqumrhu abone amanzi awo engcolisekile.
โBaninzi kakhulu abantu abaphila ngamanzi asebhotileni ixesha elide kungekho siphelo,โ utshilo.
Ngomhla we-4 kaMatshi, uMkhosi waManzi wavavanya amaqula okubeka iliso angama-27 owawuwafakile ngaphambili e-OLF Coupeville, apho wafumana amanqanaba aphezulu okungcoliseka kwi-aquifer kwamanye amaqula. I-PFOA yafunyanwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,190 ppt, i-PFOS ukuya kuthi ga kwi-54.7, kunye ne-PFBS ukuya kuthi ga kwi-473 ppt. "Isicwangciso" soMkhosi woMkhosi wokuvavanya le mithombo yokubeka iliso ayizange ibandakanye ukuvavanywa kwe-PFHxS okanye i-PFHpA, nangona zombini zaziwa ngokuba zisemanzini ngokunjalo.
U-Andrews, u-COER kunye no-Abraham bonke bacela uMkhosi waManzi ukuba uphinde uvavanye kwaye ubeke iliso kuwo onke amaqula oluntu nawabucala awaziwayo ukuba angcolisekile okanye โasemngciphekweni.โ
Bakwamemelela ukuba iPFHxS, PFHpA kunye nePFNA [Perfluorononanoic acid] zongezwe kuluhlu lweekhemikhali ezibekwe esweni kwimithombo ebekwe esweni kwisiza seOLF; kuwo onke amanzi okusela kawonke-wonke nawabucala kwindawo ukuba avavanywe kwaye abekwe iliso kuzo zonke iiPFAS ezintandathu ezifunyenwe kwiOLF; ukuze kupheliswe ukufuduka kwamanzi angcolileyo; kunye nokuba ii-PFAS zisuswe kwi-aquifer, njengoko itekhnoloji sele ikhona ukwenza oko.
Kodwa le yimiyalelo emide xa ijongwa kwinto yokuba nokufumana uMkhosi waManzi ukuba uvume ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba kunye nobunzima bengxaki kuselinyathelo lokuqala.
Dahr Jamail, intatheli yabasebenzi Truthout, umbhali we Intando Yokumelana: Amajoni anqwenela ukulwa e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan (Haymarket Books, 2009), kunye Ngaphaya koMmandla oLuhlaza: Ukuhanjiswa okuvela kwiNtatheli yeendaba engafakwanga kwi-Iraq ehlala abantu (Iincwadi zeHaymarket, ngo-2007). I-Jamail inike ingxelo evela e-Iraq ngaphezu konyaka, kunye naseLebhanon, eSiriya, eJordani naseTurkey kule minyaka iyi-10 idlulileyo, kwaye iphumelele iMbasa yeMartha Gellhorn ye-Investigative Journalism, phakathi kwamanye amabhaso.
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