Sele kudlule iminyaka eli-16 ukususela oko kwenzekayo ngoSeptemba 11, 2001, eUnited States. Phantse abantu abangama-3,000 bafa kolu hlaselo, kwaye abangaphezu kwama-6,000 benzakala kubundlobongela obumangalisayo eNew York, ePennsylvania naseWashington, DC.
Ulawulo lukaBush / Cheney lusebenzise ezi ziganeko zoyikekayo ukuthethelela ukuqikelela ubukhosi base-US nzulu kuMbindi Mpuma ngokuhlasela i-Iraq, kunye nokuqalisa kwi-Afghanistan edlakazwe yimfazwe. Baphinde basebenzise ithuba lokuphumelela into ebizwa ngokuba yi-PATRIOT act, nto leyo eyaba luhlaselo olubi lwenkululeko yoluntu kunye namalungelo oluntu ekhaya.
Nakuphi na ukuzenzisa ukuba i-US ijonge ukufuna ubulungisa okanye ukonyusa uzinzo lwehlabathi ngendlela ebizwa ngokuba yiMfazwe yobugrogrisi iye yagutyungelwa ngokumangalisayo kukucaphuka kwehlabathi jikelele malunga ne-US, eneneni ivelise uhlaselo olongezelelekileyo kwihlabathi liphela.
Eli lifa kanye eli liqhubeka namhlanje: ubundlobongela obuqhubekayo base-US phesheya, ukwanda kokubekw' iliso ekhaya kunye nengcinezelo ekhaya, kunye nehlabathi elinobundlobongela kwaye lingakhuselekanga kangako kubo bonke.
Amanani
Emva kokuba ndinike ingxelo evela e-Iraq, ndihamba kwaye ndihamba phakathi kwe-2003 kunye ne-2013, ndazibonela ngokwazo ukutshabalalisa kwe-impiriyalizim yase-US phesheya.
Ukunika ingxelo ngaphakathi kwe-Fallujah ngexesha lika-Aprili 2004 lokungqingwa kwemikhosi yase-US kweso sixeko, ndabukela abafazi, abantwana kunye nabantu abadala beziswa, befile okanye bephila, kwiklinikhi encinci. Uninzi lwabo lwaludutyulwe ngabahlaseli basemkhosini base-US, ngelixa iidrones zaziduma phezulu kwaye iinqwelomoya zemfazwe zase-US zigquma mgama.
Xa umkhosi wase-US wasilela ukuthatha isixeko ngaloo nyanga, kwabizwa i-truce njengoko i-US yayilindele ukuba uBush aphinde akhethwe kwakhona kulo nyaka. Kwiintsuku emva konyulo, umkhosi wase-US wasingqinga eso sixeko, wenza ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe ngelixa ubulala amawakawaka abantu.
Kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva, ndabhalisa isiqwenga kunye noJonathan Steele kwi-Guardian, kwaye ndabiza i-Fallujah "isikhumbuzo senkohlakalo" yombuso wase-US. Ngeminyaka yee-1930 isixeko saseSpain iGuernica saba ngumqondiso wokubulala nokutshabalalisa ngokungenanjongo. sabhala. โNgeminyaka yee-1990 iGrozny yathanjiswa ngenkohlakalo ngamaRashiya; isengamabhodlo. Le minyaka ilishumi isikhumbuzo esingalibalekiyo sobundlavini kunye nokubulawa kwabantu ngokugqithisileyo yi-Fallujah, isicatshulwa sencwadi yendlela yokusingatha uvukelo, kunye nesikhumbuzo sokuba imisebenzi engathandwayo iya kuhlala ingena kunxunguphalo nakwinkohlakalo. โ
Njengoko i-US ihlala e-Iraq, inani labemi ababulawa ngumkhosi wase-US kunye nolunye ubundlobongela olwenze ilizwe lafikelela kwinani elipheleleyo le-apocalyptic.
Ababhali bengxelo enesihloko "Ubalo lomzimba: Amanani Amaxhoba Emva kweminyaka eyi-10 'yeMfazwe yoBugrogrisi,'" xelelwe Thunti Inani lababhubhileyo e-Iraq nakwamanye amazwe i-US ilwe imfazwe ukusukela oko iziganeko zikaSeptemba 11 zifikelele "kwimilinganiselo yokubulala abantu" kwaye "inokuba ngaphezulu kwe-2 yezigidi, ngelixa inani elingaphantsi kwesigidi esinye linqabile kakhulu."
E-Afghanistan kuphela, kulungile bangaphezu kwama-31,000 XNUMX abantu abafayo ukufa okunobundlobongela emfazweni, kunye namanani angenakubalwa baye bahlupheka - kwaye baqhubeka bebandezeleka - kumanxeba kunye neempembelelo zempilo kunye nokungakwazi ukufumana unyango okanye uncedo.
I-Afghanistan, esele ililizwe elidlakazwe yimfazwe, yenziwe nzima ngakumbi ukuhlala kuyo ngokuhlala e-US, apho i-US isanda kwandisa kwakhona ngokuthumela phantse amajoni angama-4,000 ngaphezulu. Imiba efana nokunqongophala kogutyulo, intlupheko egqithisileyo, ukunqongophala kokhathalelo lwempilo olusisiseko, ungcoliseko kunye nokungondleki zonke ziye zanda, hayi ngcono, ngobukho base-US apho.
Ukubuyela e-US, uqikelelo olususela kwiminyaka emithandathu eyadlulayo luxhome ithegi yexabiso lento ebizwa ngokuba yiMfazwe yoBugrogrisi kwi. I-3 ukuya kwi-4.4 yezigidigidi zeedola xa iindleko ezithe ngqo kunye nezingathanga ngqo zibalwa, kwaye elo nani liyaqhubeka nokunyuka imihla ngemihla. A Uphononongo luka-2016 lunyukile iyonke ukuya phantse kwi-5 yezigidi zezigidi zeedola.
Izinto ezingabonakaliyo
Ngelixa umongameli welo xesha uBush wabona ukungqubana okwethutyana kuvavanyo lokuvunywa kwakhe ngokusungula i-US kwiimfazwe phesheya, bawa ngokukhawuleza kwaye bahlala bephantsi de kwasekupheleni kolawulo lwakhe.
Ngelixa uMongameli u-Obama ekhwele eli hlabathi lichasene noBush kunye ne-anti-US Empire e-ofisini ngokuthembisa "ithemba" kunye "notshintsho," akazange aphelise enye yezi mfazwe.
U-Obama ulandele umgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo lukaBush ngokwenza ukurhoxa kancinci e-Iraq ngelixa ukugcina ubukho base-US apho ngendlela "yabacebisi," ukucupha, ukubetha emoyeni, iinqwelo-moya, iidrones kwaye kamva, amajoni. Konke oku kuyaqhubeka phantsi kolawulo lukaTrump, kodwa kukho imikhosi emininzi emhlabeni.
Ukuhlaliswa kwe-US kudlale indima enkulu kwi-radicalization yolutsha lwase-Iraq kwaye kwaqhubela uninzi lwalo kwi-ISIS (ekwaziwa njenge-Daesh), eqhubeka nokubetha iinxalenye ze-Iraq edlakazwe yimfazwe namhlanje.
Ukuhlaliswa kwe-US kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwelizwe lase-Iraq kuye kwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudambiseni iSyria, ngoku lelinye ilizwe elingaphumelelanga, kunye namakhulu amawaka abhubhileyo kunye nezigidi zeembacu ziphindaphindeka njengoko ukuphalazwa kwegazi kuqhubeka.
Ngalo lonke eli xesha, ukurhoxa ngokupheleleyo e-Afghanistan akukaze kuxoxwe nzulu.
Ngenxa yokuba uhlaselo kunye nokuhlala kwe-Iraq, ubuncinci ngokuyinxenye, malunga nokufumana ulawulo lweoyile yelo lizwe, umsebenzi wase-US awuphumelelanga nalapha. Ngelixa i-ExxonMobil yayinelinye lawona mabala e-oyile makhulu e-Iraq emva kokuhlala, i-China, ngaphandle kokuthumela ijoni elinye okanye ukudubula enye, iye yahamba ngokuthe ngcembe ingena kumxube, kwaye ifuna ukulawula ngakumbi i-oyile yase-Iraq, ukongeza ekubeni. umthengi wayo omkhulu weoli.
UDenise Natali, ingcali kuMbindi Mpuma kunye neYunivesithi yoKhuselo yeSizwe eWashington, DC, uxelele iNew York Times ngo-2013, "AmaTshayina ngabona baxhamli kakhulu kule nyuko yeoli yasemva kweSaddam eIraq."
Kwanangaphambi kwe-9/11, ulawulo lwaseBush lwalukhona igxekwa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele kwizikhundla zorhulumente wase-US kwimiba yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe. Imigaqo-nkqubo yase-US eyayiqhubela phambili intlupheko, ukungalingani, ungquzulwano lwe-geopolitical, ukuthotywa kwemekobume kunye nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi yonke yayiyimiba eshushu, eyaye yandiswa yimpendulo yase-US ku-9/11.
E-US, I-Amnesty International yade yaxoxa ukuba oko kubizwa ngokuba yiMfazwe Yobugrogrisi, โโkukude ekwenzeni ihlabathi libe yindawo ekhuselekileyo, iye yalenza libe yingozi ngakumbi ngokucinezela amalungelo abantu, lijongela phantsi ulawulo lwemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe nangokukhusela oorhulumente ekuhlolweni. Iye yazinzisa iyantlukwano phakathi kwabantu beenkonzo neemvelaphi ezahlukahlukeneyo, ihlwayela imbewu yongquzulwano olungakumbi. Impembelelo enkulu kuko konke oku luloyiko lokwenyani - phakathi kwabatyebileyo kunye namahlwempu. "
I-Human Rights Watch, kwingxelo ka-2004 enesihloko esithi, "Ngaphezu koMthetho: Amandla oLawulo emva kwe-11 kaSeptemba e-United States," yathi, "izenzo zolawulo lukaBush zokulwa nobunqolobi zimele uhlaselo olumangalisayo kwimigaqo esisiseko yobulungisa, uxanduva lukarhulumente, kunye nokuhlaselwa kobunqolobi. indima yeenkundla.โ
Ngalo lonke eli xesha, umkhosi wase-US ugcina ngokungqongqo Abasebenzi basemkhosini abasebenzayo abangama-300,000 kumazwe angaphezu kwe-150 kunye neziseko eziphantse zibe ngama-800 jikelele.
Ngoko, ngaba oko kubizwa ngokuba yiMfazwe Yobugrogrisi kuye kwaphumelela?
Nokuba siyithatha nzulu indlela eyathengiswa ngayo kuluntu lwase-US, kunye nehlabathi liphela, impendulo kufuneka ibe ngu โhayiโ ovakalayo. I-Global Terrorism Index ibonise ukuba, ukususela ngo-2014, kukho i ukwanda kahlanu kubhubhani wobunqolobi behlabathi ukusukela nge-9/11.
Esinye isiphumo sale migaqo-nkqubo yasemva kwe-9/11 ibe yi ukuhla kwe-empire yase-US. Amandla ase-US emhlabeni kunye neentsuku zawo zokuba ngowona mandla aphezulu ayesele encipha xa i-9/11 yenzeka. Namhlanje, ngakumbi ngolawulo lukaMongameli uDonald J. Trump, nayiphi na intsalela yeprojekthi yobukumkani base-US eshiyekileyo iyatshiswa ngokukhawuleza.
Ngokucacileyo, akukho mfuneko yokugcina ubukhosi base-US. Umbuzo ophambili esisele nawo ngowokuba, bangaphi abantu abazakubhubha njengoko obu bukhosi sisilwa idabi elingaphumeleliyo ukugcina ulawulo lwabo?
Dahr Jamail, intatheli yabasebenzi Truthout, umbhali we Intando Yokumelana: Amajoni anqwenela ukulwa e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan (Haymarket Books, 2009), kunye Ngaphaya koMmandla oLuhlaza: Ukuhanjiswa okuvela kwiNtatheli yeendaba engafakwanga kwi-Iraq ehlala abantu (Iincwadi zeHaymarket, ngo-2007). I-Jamail inike ingxelo evela e-Iraq ngaphezu konyaka, kunye naseLebhanon, eSiriya, eJordani naseTurkey kule minyaka iyi-10 idlulileyo, kwaye iphumelele iMbasa yeMartha Gellhorn ye-Investigative Journalism, phakathi kwamanye amabhaso.
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