Waiziva here kuti U.S. Air Force iri kushanda pa new stealth bomber? Usazvipe mhosva kana usina, nekuti chirongwa ichi chakavanzika zvekuti nhengo zhinji dzeCongress hazvina mhosva kune tsanangudzo. (Talk about stealthy!) Anozivikanwa se B-21 Raider, mushure meGeneral Doolittle's raiders yemukurumbira weHondo Yenyika II, yakagadzirirwa kutakura zvombo zvethermonuclear pamwe chete nezvinopotserwa nemabhomba. In conceptual mifananidzo, inotaridzika seyakaitangira, iyo B-2 Spirit stealth bhomba, bapiro rose uye hapana fuselage, chimiro chinofanira kuibatsira kuti ipinde uye ipone kune yakanyanya hutsinye masystem ekudzivirira epaPasi nekuda kwe "global strike.” (Funga: Armagedhoni yenyukireya.)
Sezvo Air Force inowana aya emangwana maB-21s, maB-2 anozoregedzwa pamwe chete neakura B-1B bhomba, kunyangwe iyo inoremekedzwa B-52 (yeCold War era), yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, icharamba ichishandira ramangwana rinoonekwa. Pamadhora mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu emamiriyoni emadhora pandege (mutengo usingadzivisiki usati wapfuura kana kupinda mukati), Air Force inoronga kutenga akawanda se550 B-200s. Izvo zvinodarika mabhiriyoni zana emadhora mumitengo yekutenga chete, chikomborero che Northrop Grumman, mugadziri mukuru wendege.
Kana nhoroondo iri mutongi chero upi zvake, zvakadaro, pundutso yeNorthrop Grumman ingangoratidza kubhuroka kune mutero weAmerica. Sekutanga, United States haina kudikanwa kwechokwadi kweiyo nyowani, yakabira, inodhura, nyukireya-inokwanisa, yakadzika-inopinza bhomba yekushandisa kurwisa "vezera" vanokwikwidza China neRussia. Asi tisati tagadzirisa nyaya iyoyo, nhoroondo shoma yakarongeka.
Déjà-vu Zvese Zvakare
Kare kare (1977, kutaura chokwadi), munyika iri kure, kure, Mutungamiri Jimmy Carter akaita chinhu chakashinga: akadzima hurongwa hwezvombo hwePentagon nguva isati yatanga kugadzirwa. Ndiyo yaiva B-1 bhomba, ndege ine yakanyanyisa - kureva, inodhura - avionics yakagadzirirwa kuibvumira kupinda muSoviet airspace muchiitiko chehondo yenyukireya uye kupona. Carter akaidzima nekuda kwezvikonzero zvine musoro: yaisadikanwa.
Mauto eMhepo akange atogadzira zvombo zvinokandwa nendege zvaitendera mabhomba akaita seB-52 kurova vavengi nemazvo kubva kumazana emamaira. Zvakanga zvakare, sezvirongwa zvese zvemazuva ano zvezvombo, zvakadhura zvakanyanya. Sei uchipedzera mari yakawanda pabhomba idzva, Carter akafunga kudaro, apo ndege yakawedzera zvishoma kumudziviriri wenyika yenyukireya? Pamusoro pezvo, kudzima uku kwaiitirwa kutumira meseji kune vemauto-maindasitiri - kuti asazoonekwa kana kutyisidzirwa nevanodzivirira avo vakaburitsa imwe neimwe nzira itsva yezvombo, zvisinei kuti inodhura sei kana kushomeka, se "zvakakosha. ”
Panguva iyoyo ndakanga ndichiri kuyaruka ne yen kundege dzehondo dzeAmerica. Ndakatoita modhi yeB-1, izere ne “variable geometry” mapapiro ayo anogona kukwidziridzwa kumberi kune yakaderera-speed kubhururuka uye kutsvairwa kumashure kune yakakwirira-kumhanya, supersonic kubhururuka. Mupfungwa dzangu, ndichiri kuzviona, zvinenge zvese zvichena senge prototype iyo Rockwell International, mugadziri wayo wekutanga, akavakwa. Muchiito chokufananidzira chokupikisa chiito chaCarter, ndakatora modhi yangu, ndakatepa mafirecracker maviri kwairi, ndokuidonhedza kubva pauriri hwepamusoro hwemba yedu, ndichiifuridza nenzira inogutsa zvikuru. Zvakawanda zveB-1, ndakafunga.
Ndakanga ndichiri mudiki kuti ndizive zviri nani. Ronald Reagan paakava mutungamiri muna 1981, sechikamu chegadziriro huru yekudzivirira (iyo Carter, zvinoshamisa, yakanga yatanga), akamutsidzira B-1. Mauto emuchadenga nenguva isipi akazvipira kutenga zana awo pamari inosvika mazana maviri nemakumi masere emamiriyoni emadhora imwe neimwe. Iyo B-100B Lancer (sekuzivikanwa kwayakaitwa) yakashanda muAir Force kwemakumi matatu emakore apfuura, isina (nekutenda) kuzadzisa chinangwa chayakavakirwa: kurwisa kwenyukireya. Yanetswa netsaona, kudhura kwekushandisa, uye nyaya dzekugadzirisa, B-280 yave iri kuora mwoyo kuAir Force ikozvino inoda kuitsiva nebhomba nyowani, zvakanyanya kana zvishoma kuvimbiswa kuve nenhoroondo yakafanana.
Kunyange zvazvo ndaida zvikuru ndege yandaitarisira ndichiri kuyaruka, ndainzwa zvakasiyana pandakanga ndiri muUto reMhepo. Semukuru wechidiki muna 1986, ndakatonyora pepa remakwikwi mukati mesevhisi mandakaita nharo kuti pfungwa yemunhu, "inopinda," yekugadzira bhomba renyukireya ine zvikanganiso zvakanyanya. Muchidimbu, ndakatora chinzvimbo cheCarter, ndichikurudzira kuti mamwe "makumbo" eAmerica's nuclear triad (ballistic missiles akatangwa kubva kumasilos nemamwe makomba akafanana pazvikepe zvenyukireya) aive akawandisa kuti adzivise uye akunde vavengi (kwete zvishoma kuparadza nyika), uye matekinoroji matsva e“chaiyo” akaita sezvombo zvinokandwa zvakaita mabhomba ane njodzi akadzika mumhepo yevavengi kwete kungosakara asi antediluvian.
Hazvishamisi kuti bepa rangu harina kukunda uye B-1B yakaita. Asi kwaive kuwedzera kusinganzwisisike, kunyangwe neAir Force zviyero, zvakapihwa kuti US yaive nehondo inokatyamadza yezvombo zvinokandwa pakuraira kwayo, pamwe neboka reB-52s iro, kunyangwe raishaya kumhanya uye kubira, rakanga richichembera zvakanaka. Kutaura zvazviri, B-52s ichiri kubhururuka nhasi, izvo zvisingashamisi kana iwe uchifunga nezvekugadzirwa kwezvombo zvinokandwa zvakasimba zvinobvumira ndege yakadaro "kumira" kubva kune zvinangwa uye nokudaro kuderedza kuratidzwa kwayo kune dziviriro yemhepo yemuvengi.
Zvichakadaro, Hondo yeMhepo, isingambove sevhisi yekuti kwete kune inodhura, yepamusoro-tekinoroji zvombo masisitimu, zvisinei nekuti yakawandisa sei, yaive nesimba pakushanda pane yakavanzika bhomba yaizobudirira. chiono chayo ye "kusvika kwepasi rose, simba repasi rose, uye kurova kwepasirese." Zvakabuda yaive B-2 Spirit, bhomba rakabiwa rinodhura ($2.1 bhiriyoni papo) zvekuti makumi maviri nerimwe chete akambovakwa. Zvakadarowo pricier kupfuura iyo B-1 kushanda uye isingatendeseki kuvonga kune yayo isina kusimba "yakavanzika" machira, ayo aida kureba, kudhura kukuru kuchengetedza. Mune mamwe mazwi, ndege mbiri dzakaratidza kuodzwa mwoyo kunodhura izvo, nerombo rakanaka, hazvina kumboedzwa pachinangwa chekutanga chavakavakira: kupisa mamirioni avanhu muhondo yenyukireya.
Pinda muB-21, ane zita chairo rinofanirwa kuratidza chimiro chayo chekucheka, seyokutanga bhomba yezana ramakore idzva. Yakatogadzirirwa kudzoreredza iyo yakaipa, inofanotaurwa nhoroondo dzevakaitangira.
Ko Bhomba Achaenda nenzira yeDodo?
Mazano echinyakare uye tsika dzakatsveneswa dzinofa zvakaoma, kunyanya kana dzichibhadhara zvakanyanya kumauto-industrial-congressional complex. Ingotarisa simba rekugara reiyo yakaipisisa F-35 stealth fighter, inofungidzirwa kuti inodhura. $ 1.45 tiririyoni pamusoro pehupenyu hwepurogiramu. Zvichitaurwa zvakajeka, yanhasi inofambiswa neMhepo Yemuchadenga ichiri kuda kukwanisa kuendesa kurwa kumuvengi mubhomba rine vanhu, sezvakangoita kare. Ichiri kuda kuti vashandi vayo vemhepo vaise mabhomba pachinangwa. Panguva iyo yakaedzwa kure drones kufanana nePredators neReapers vari kupa vatyairi vendege vakawanda kwazvo vakagara mumakorokoti chaiwo, Hondo yeMhepo haina chinangwa chekubvumidza simba rayo rekubhomba kuti riende nenzira yeDodo. Vatungamiriri vayo vanozogara vachirwira mabhomba ane hunyanzvi nekuti anoenderana nemufananidzo wavo: kunzvenga varwi vevavengi, makomba, uye flak, uye kuendesa kurwa kumusuwo wemuvengi.
Asi izvo, kwete chete iyo Air Force inoda iyo B-21 se "chizvarwa chechishanu" bhomba, inodawo murwi mutsva jet kuiperekedza pamishoni dzakadzika dzinopinda muChina, Russia, kana dzimwe nyika. Funga pano nezveane mukurumbira P-51 Mustangs, akaperekedza mabhomba eUS akadzika mukati meNazi Germany mukati meHondo Yenyika II. Mune mamwe mazwi, chiono cheMhepo yehondo yemuchadenga yeramangwana ine kufanana kunotyisa nezviitiko zvemufirimu rehondo ra1949. Gumi nembiri O'clock High, kunze kweB-17s neP-51s eHondo Yenyika II, mabhomba echizvarwa chechishanu achabatana varwi vechizvarwa chechitanhatu kuti varove nzira yavo nemumhepo yemuvengi.
Ehe, vakuru vePentagon vane hurongwa hwekutaura kutsigira nyaya yavo yeB-21. Izvi zvinosanganisira: kuchengetedza parity, kana kusiri hukuru, vis-à-vis China kana Russia kana imwe ramangwana, muvengi asingatsananguriki uye kudiwa kwemauto edu ehugamba kweazvino uye akanakisa mune zvombo. Vanosimbisa kuti kudzima hurongwa hwezvombo hombe seB-21 zvakangofanana unilateral kuderedza zvombo, kuti zvaizoratidza kushaya simba kune vakwikwidzi nevavengi, uye kuti mabhomba ane vanhu anopa zvakawanda Kugadzirisa sezvo, kusiyana nezvinokandwa, zvinogona kurangarirwa kana kutungamirwa mushure mekutangwa.
Zvisinei, chokwadi, Gumi nembiri O'clock High mascenario anotaridzika achiwedzera kuseka uye echinyakare muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri nerimwe. Asi usazviudze kuU.S. Air Force. Kana nyanzvi dzayo dzichiona mabhomba, zvese zvavanoona zvinogona, vimbiso, uye kunyange kuzadzika. Asi nhoroondo inotiratidza chimwe chinhu mumwe: mukana wekuparadzwa kwakapararira uye kusingasaruri uye kukuvadzwa kukuru. Kana paine chero chinhu, kubvira Hondo Yenyika II, mauto eAmerica emabhomba akashingisa US kuti irove munzvimbo uye nenzira dzakajeka dzinopesana nechero dudziro yechengetedzo yenyika, kunyangwe huwandu husingaverengeke hwevasina mhosva vaparara kubva mumutemo wakadzingwa kana kudonha kubva kune avo. ndege. The Vietnam War - panguva iyo US yakadonhedza mamiriyoni manomwe emamiriyoni emabhomba - muenzaniso wakakwana weizvi.
Heino chokwadi chinotyisa chekuunza hurongwa hwezvombo zvakadaro pamhepo: kana mauto eUS akagadzira kugona, anotsvaga kuishandisa, kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kufanira. (Zvekare, funga nezvemabhomba makuru eB-52 muVietnam, Laos, neCambodia muchirongwa chekurwisa mhirizhonga chaiitirwa kukunda “moyo nepfungwa.”) zvakawanda zvinosimudzira chengetedzo yenyika sezvingangoita vatungamiri vemangwana kuti varove chero nguva uye chero kwavanoda nenzira inoparadza hupenyu hwevanhu. Iyo B-21 haisi yekumanikidza-kuwanza. Iyo inogonesa Amagedhoni.
Kubhururuka Kumusoro mumaB-21 edu
Ave akazvishambadza sa mutsoropodzi wemauto ane ruzivo, pane here mukana wekuti Donald Trump achava nehungwaru hwaJimmy Carter kana zvasvika kune chirongwa cheB-21? Achaponesa America mari inosvika mabhiriyoni zana emadhora (uye pamwe yakawedzera) achibvisa imwezve hurongwa hwezvombo husina basa mukati meDhipatimendi reDziviriro? Mukana wakakora. Kunyangwe dai aida, The Donald haamirire mukana achipokana nePentagon mazuva ano.
Flush nemabhiriyoni nemabhiriyoni emadhora matsva emutero, kusanganisira mari yeaya maF-35 uye nemanukes matsva kubva bipartisan coalition mune imwe Congress yakabatwa, mauto eAmerica acharwira chero uye ese makuru masisitimu ezvombo, iyo B-21 inosanganisirwa. Saka, zvakare, Congress ichaita, kunyanya kana Northrop Grumman ichitevera zano rekugadzira rakatanga kushandiswa neRockwell International neB-1: kuparadzira macontractors endege uye vatengesi vezvikamu kumatunhu mazhinji uye matunhu eCongress sezvinobvira. Izvi zvaizoita, chokwadi, kuti kudimburira kuchirongwa cheB-21 kuchakanganisa mabasa uye nekudaro kutyaira mavhoti muCongress mukufarira kwayo. Pamusoro pazvo, ndeupi mumiriri wekongiresi angade kuvhota achipokana nemabasa anobhadhara zvakanyanya mudunhu rake kana dunhu muzita rekuchengetedza kweAmerica?
Saka heino zano rangu kune vadiki modhi-vaki kwese kwese: usaputise B-21 yako chero nguva munguva pfupi. Iva nechokwadi chokuti chinhu chaicho chiri kuuya. Kana iyo Air Force ichida kuona kuti ine bhomba nyowani, muzita rekuputika vavengi veAmerica kuti varegererwe, ngazvive zvakadaro. Yakashanda (zvishoma uye nemutengo wakakura) muna 1943 mumatenga akazara neanorwira eNazi Germany, saka nei isingashande muna 2043 pamusoro pematenga eanoziva-kupi-istan?
Sei "yako" Air Force ichifunga nenzira iyi? Kwete chete nekuti inoda mabhomba makuru, asiwo nekuti vakwikwidzi vayo vakuru havasi muRussia kana China kana imwe nyika "yakashata" seIran. Ivo vari muno chaimo mu“nyika yokumusha.” Ndiri kutaura, hongu, nezvemamwe masevhisi echiuto. Ehe, kukwikwidza kwe interservice kunoramba kuri mupenyu uye zvakanaka paPentagon. Kana iyo U.S. Navy inogona kuramba ichivaka zvinodhura zvinoshamisa vatakuri vendege dzine simba renyukireya (senge USS inonetsekana zvikuru Gerald R. Ford) uye zvikepe zvepasi pemvura, uye kana Mauto achigona kuva nematangi ayo ese, zvikopokopo, uye matoyi anosanganisirwa, saka, dammit, iyo Air Force inogona kuve neinonyatsoita kuti ive yakakosha uye yakasarudzika: bhomba nyowani yakashata inoperekedzwa nechero nyowani-refu refu. stealthy fighter.
Uye usangopa mhosva iyo Air Force nekuda kwekufunga kwekudzoka kwakadaro. Vatungamiriri vayo vanoziva zviri nyore kutengesa Congress: mapurojekiti makuru, anoputika anosanganisira makumi emakore emari uye kugadzira makumi ezviuru emabasa. Sezvo vamiriri vekongiresi vanosimuka kuti vasundire zvidimbu zvechiito, makondirakiti emauto anongofara zvakanyanya kuti aite. Semukontrakta anotungamira weB-21, Northrop Grumman we Falls Church, Virginia, ane zvakawanda zvokuwana, asi mwe vanokunda vachasanganisira United Technologies yeEast Hartford, Connecticut; BAE Systems yeNashua, New Hampshire; Mweya Aerosystems yeWichita, Kansas; Orbital ATK yeClearfield, Utah, uye Dayton, Ohio; Rockwell Collins weCedar Rapids, Iowa; GKN Aerospace yeSt Louis, Missouri; uye Janicki Industries yeSedro-Woolley, Washington. Uye ava vangori vatengesi vakuru vendege iyoyo; akawanda evamwe vatengesi vezvikamu vanozodikanwa, uye ivo vanozonyatso kugoverwa kune akawanda madunhu eCongress sezvinobvira. Kuungana kwekupedzisira kwendege kungangoitika muPalmdale, California, kubatanidza zvinhu zvinopihwa kubva kugungwa kuenda kugungwa rinopenya. Ndiani anoti nzvimbo dzemahombekombe dzeAmerica hadzigone kubatana nemoyo kuti zvinhu zviitwe?
Kunyangwe kana Mutungamiri Trump aida kudzima B-21 - ndokupihwa yake kutaura kwemazuva ano kune vakapedza kudzidza kuNaval Academy, zvinonetsa ndezvokuti hapana hurongwa hwezvombo chero kwaasingadi kuti hubudirire - mikana ndeyokuti mumazuva ano mamiriro echiuto aizotarisana nehombe yekusundidzira kumashure. Semumwe waanoshanda naye achiri kuita basa muAir Force anozviisa, "Chii chinoita kuti nhasi zvinyanye kupfuura mazuva eCarter itsika yedu-kukwidiridza mureza, kutsika-tsika kwemauto. Hatingatomboite nhaurirano yekuti zvinodiwa nenyika ndezvipi nekutya ‘kugumbura’ kana ‘kusaremekedza’ mauto. Nhasi, Carter angave akapendwa sekusavimbika kumauto aakange achiendesa kufa nekukurumidza nekuti sarudzo yese yekutenga inotarisana ne "guva" kana "kuvapo" kutyisidzira kuchengetedzeka kwenyika nemhedzisiro uye inouraya. "
Uye saka Mauto eMhepo nevakuru vayo vendege vachahwina kurwira B-21 uye votora muteresi wekuAmerica kuti vakwire - kunze kwekunge, kureva, isu neimwe nzira tine ushingi hwekubvisa matanda ekudzora kubva kunotonhora, maoko akafa hidebound mauto tsika uye lobbying firepower. Kusvikira tadaro, tabva taenda (zvakare zvakare), kusango rebhuruu uko, tichibhururuka mudenga mumaB-21 edu.
A TomDispatch dzose uye ari pamudyandigere weAir Force, William Astore akadzidzisa nhoroondo kwemakore gumi nemashanu paAir Force Academy, Naval Postgraduate School, uye muPennsylvania pakoreji yehunyanzvi. Haana kumbobvira akanganwa kushanya kwake kunzvimbo yeUtatu muAlamogordo, New Mexico, uko mudziyo wokutanga weatomu wakaedzwa muna 15, kana kuti nguva yake ari ikoko. Cheyenne Mountain Complex, ichichera pasi pemamita 2,000 XNUMX egranite, ichimirira hondo yenyukireya isina kumboitika. Yake yega blog ndeye Bracing Views.
Chinyorwa ichi chakatanga kuoneka paTomDispatch.com, weblog yeNational Institute, iyo inopa kuyerera kwakadzikama kwemamwe masosi, nhau, uye maonero kubva kuna Tom Engelhardt, mupepeti wenguva refu mukutsikisa, co-muvambi weAmerican Empire Project, munyori we Mugumo Wekukunda Muitiro, serinovhero, Mazuva Ekupedzisira Ekudhinda. Bhuku rake razvino nderekuti Shadow Government: Surveillance, Secret Wars, uye Global Security State muNyika-Inotyisa (Mabhuku eShimarket).
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