Kunobva: TomDispatch.com
Kanzura tsika inguva yakajairwa, ingangoita hutachiona, izwi mune zvematongerwo enyika nemagariro nhaurirano mazuva ano. Chaizvoizvo, mumwe munhu anotaura maonero anoonekwa seanotyisa kana akashata kana ane rusaruraganda kana neimwe nzira asina hanya uye asina kufanira. Mukupindura, munhu iyeye anoโkanzurwa,โ zvichida kurasikirwa nebasa kana kuti neimwe nzira kusundwa ndokunyarara. Mukudzikisirwa ne Twitter, Facebook, nedzimwe masocial network, semuenzaniso, mutungamiri wenyika aimbove, zvinogona kupokana, kubviswa - pamwe nenharaunda ine hunhu. Vanopfuura vashoma vanogona kuwedzera, kuraswa kwakanaka.
Kanzura tsika yakatitenderedza, paine imwe chete inosarudzika: mauto eU.S. Hazvina mhosva kuti hurongwa hwezvombo hunoita zvisina kunaka sei, zvisinei kuti hunopfuura bhajeti, zvisinei kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kumunda, hazvimbofa zvakadzimwa. Semhedzisiro yeizvi, kunyangwe zvisizvo sei mukuru anoita mune imwe yehondo dzedu dzemuzana ramakore remakumi maviri nerimwe, zvisinei nekushaiwa kwake kukunda kana kutadza kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvemishini, zvinenge zvisingaiti anobviswa mari, akadzikiswa, kana kutoshorwa. Chinhu chakafanana chinogona kutaurwa nezvehondo dzeAmerica dzezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri nerimwe ivo pachavo. Injodzi dzisingambobvisiswi. Vanongoenderera mberi nekuenderera mberi.
Zvinoshamisa here, ipapoka, kuti hurongwa hunoita sehwekupa mubairo kukundikana nguva dzose huchigadzira zvakare? Mushure mezvose, kana kudzima tsika kuchifanira kushanda chero kupi, zvingave kune zvisirizvo mabhiriyoni emadhora ezvombo masisitimu uye anopfuura mashoma. mauto, uyo panzvimbo pezvo anokwidzwa bhutu kumusoro kune zvinzvimbo zvevashandi kana kuenda pamudyandigere zvakanaka mapuranga yevatungamiriri vemakambani makuru ezvombo.
Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya kune akati wandei makuru masisitimu ezvombo ari kukumbira kudzimwa - uye nyaya isingawanzo yeimwe yakazovepo.
* F-35 stealth fighter: Ndine Yakanyorwa zvakawandisa paF-35 nekufamba kwemakore. Yakagadzirwa naLockheed Martin, ndege yaive pane imwe nguva makore manomwe kumashure kwehurongwa uye $ 163 bhiriyoni pamusoro pebhajeti. Zvakangodaro, mauto eUS akaenderera mberi uye ave pedyo nekugadzirwa kwakazara pamutengo unofungidzirwa. $ 1.7 tiririyoni nokuda gore 2070. Kunyange zvakadaro, matambudziko anoramba aripo, kusanganisira injini matambudziko uye zvakakura kusakwana kwekuchengetedza. Zvakatonyanya kunetsa: ndege kazhinji haigone kubvisirwa kubhururuka kana mheni iri chero munzvimbo iyi, izvo zvinokatyamadza zvakanyanya, zvichipihwa kuti inonzi Mheni II. Ngativimbei kuti hakuna mabhananโana muhondo inotevera.
* Ngarava yeBoeing KC-46: Ngarava inongori chiteshi chegasi chinobhururuka, kufambisa mhepo kuenda kumhepo chiri chimwe chinhu chakaitwa neAir Force hafu yezana rapfuura. Usambofa wakatarisira pasi kugona kwemauto kuburitsa matambudziko matsva uchitsvaga tekinoroji yepamusoro, zvisinei. Kubvisa mahwindo echinyakare uye munhu wemumhepo chaiye se "boom opareta" mune refueling loop (sezviri mutangi renhaka seKC-135), iyo KC-46 inoshandisa yakanyanya automated refueling system kuburikidza nevhidhiyo. Inokwezva mune dzidziso, iyo sisitimu haisati yashanda yakavimbika mukuita. (Zvichida, zvichadaro, zvakadaro, ne gore 2024, Mauto Emuchadenga anoti.) Uye zvinobatsirei tangi isina kuvimbiswa kufambisa mafuta pakati pemhepo uye yobva yakanganiswawo neyayo. mafuta anobuda? Air Force yava kutaura nezve "kudzokororaโ chizvarwa chayo chitsva chengarava dzematangi kune mishoni kunze kwekuwedzera mafuta. Zvakafanana neni ndichitaura kuti ndiri kudzorera chikepe changu sechitsigiso sezvo zvakaitika kuti pakabuda mvura nekunyura pasi pedhamu.
* Uye kutaura nezvezvikepe, pamwe haungashamiswe kuziva kuti Navy yanga iine matambudziko makuru ega neayo achangoburwa. Gerald R. Ford-kirasi vatakuri vendege. Iyo sevhisi yakatanga kuvaka vatakuri muma1920s, saka munhu anogona kufungidzira kuti, pari zvino, ndarira yakanga yawana humwe hunyanzvi hwekuita kuti dzivandudze uye kuvaka itsva. Asi usamborerutsa kukwezva kwekushandisa matekinoroji asina kutsigirwa uye anodhura kuti "chizvarwa chinotevera" chibudirire mungarava dzakadaro. Batanidza pakati pavo, kana zvasvika kune Ford-vatakuri vekirasi, zvikwiriso zvekusimudza zvombo zvinozivikanwa zvisingashande zvakanaka uye hurongwa hwekutangisa ndege kubva padhishi (inozivikanwa seElectromagnetic Aircraft Launch System kana EMALS) inogara ichiputsika. Sezvaungafungidzira, hapana zvakawanda zvinogona kuitika pane inotakura ndege kana iwe usingakwanise kurodha zvombo kana kuvhura ndege nemazvo. Chimwe nechimwe chitsva Ford-class carrier inodhura munharaunda ye $ 14 bhiriyoni, asi zvisinei nemari iyo yose, "haina kunaka pakuva mutakuri," se chinyorwa in Inoshandiswa Mitambo yakataura zvakajeka munguva pfupi yapfuura. Funga nezvayo seKC-46 yemakungwa.
* Uye tichitaura nezvezvikepe zvakundikana, ngatisakanganwe Navyโs Littoral Combat Ships (LCS), iyo yakawana zita remadunhurirwa rokuti โzvikepe zviduku zvinopenga.โ A serious propulsion design kukanganisa vanogona kupedzisira vachinja kuva"mirwi yemarara inoyangarara, "mutori wenhau anodzivirira Jared Keller achangopedzisa. VeNavy vakatenga gumi vavo nemari inosvika hafu yebhirioni yemadhora imwe neimwe, nemirairo yeramangwana parizvino mira. Lockheed Martin ndiye lead kontrakta, mumwecheteyo ane mhosva kune vanopambadza (uye vane pundutso) F-35.
* Nehurombo kuNavy, matambudziko aive akanyanya neayo Zumwalt-class of stealth destroyers kuti purogiramu yacho yakanyatsodzimwa mushure mekunge ngarava nhatu chete dzakavakwa. (The Navy pakutanga akaronga kuvaka 32 vavo.) Critiqued semudziyo mukutsvaga mission, iyo Zumwalt-kirasi yakaremerwawo nematambudziko neradar yayo uye huru chombo. Pakazara, Navy yakashandisa madhora mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nemaviri pane yakakundikana "chizvarwa chinotevera" pfungwa iyo kubviswa kwayo kunotipa iyo isingawanikwe zvachose yenguva yedu: chombo chakanyanya kuoneka chakaipisisa zvekuti kunyangwe mauto-maindasitiri akaoma akatadza kuramba achizvipembedza.
Mukuru weNaval Operations Admiral Michael Gilday aenda zvakanyorwa sekuramba pfungwa yekubatanidza matekinoroji ekunze, asina kuedzwa uye asina kuedzwa mumagadzirirwo matsva engarava (inozivikanwa mubiz se "budiriro inowirirana"). Mwari, admiral!
Zvakawanda senge yanetsa F-35 uye Littoral Combat Ship, iyo ZumwaltKuwedzera mari kwakakonzerwa muchikamu chekugadzirisa kwePentagon pakubatanidza matekinoroji "anotungamira-kumucheto" muzvigadzirwa izvo ivo pachavo vaive vari mukufamba. (Kwete pasina ngoro dzehondo dzinovareva se kubuda ropa tekinoroji.) Kukura kwakadaro kwekuda chinzvimbo panguva imwe chete, pane kuchengetedza nguva nemari, kunoda kutambisa zvese zviri zviviri, zvichitungamira kune zvombo zvinodhura zvishoma-kupfuura-zvinonyatsoshanda senge Zumwalt, shanduro yepakutanga yakanga ine kunyanya kuparara kunotyisa panguva yekupfuura (kana kuti kwete kupfuura) muPanama Canal munaNovember 2016.
Tichifunga nezvekutadza kunodhura kudaro, unogona kuregererwa nekushamisika kana, muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri nerimwe, uchirwa hondo dzisingapere-dzinopera munzvimbo dzakakosha dzepasi, mauto eAmerica haasi kushanda nesimba kuti azvibvise. Zvakaoma, kana isu tichinyatso kutaura nezvezvombo zvakakosha pakudzivirira kwenyika, kukundikana hakufanirwe kuve sarudzo, asi zvakanyanya zvakanyanya.
Nerekodhi iyi inokahadzika, munhu anogona kufungidzira kirasi inotevera yeNavy ngarava inogona kunyatso kupihwa zita Philip Francis Queeg, kaputeni wengarava akavhiringidzika uye asingakwanisi wemunyori wenhau Herman Wouk's The Caine Mutiny. Izvo zvakare zvinogoneka kuti Pentagon inotevera advanced fighter jet ichazadzisa aimbove Martin Marietta CEO Norman Augustine's fungidziro kubva kuma1980 kuti, panosvika gore ra2054, bhajeti rese rePentagon raizodiwa kutenga imwe - uye imwe chete - ndege dzehondo. Zvichida Nyeredzi Yerufu yeAmerican Space Force?
Zvinoita Here Kukanzura Huru Yezvombo System seF-35?
Iyo Navy's Zumwalt-kirasi yevaparadzi yaive njodzi zvekuti chirongwa chakadzimwa madhora mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nemaviri pamutsara, asi zvakadini nechirongwa chakafanana neF-22? Zvinotoita here kudzima bhemoth yakadaro yegadziriro yezvombo?
Mubvunzo iwoyo wakaiswa kwandiri naChristian Sorensen, munyori we Kunzwisisa iyo Hondo indasitiri, uyo akafanana neni inhengo ye Eisenhower Media Network. Zvombo zvakawandisa uye zvisingaite, Sorensen akacherekedza, chinhu che, pane imwe mhando yebug mukati, mauto-maindasitiri akaomarara semubairo wemangwana kumakambani makuru ezvombo anotyaira dhizaini nekuita sarudzo, kwete kugona, kugona, kana kudiwa. Ane chokwadi, hongu. Panogona kunge paine kurudziro yakashata mukati megadziriro yekuvaka zvombo zvisina kukwana, sezvo paine mari yakawanda yekugadziriswa mukugadzirisa matambudziko uye "kugadzirisa" izvo zvinokanganisa. Zvichakadaro, iyo F-35, senge America inotungamira masangano ezvemari mu2007-2009 Great Recession, inoitwa sekunge yakakurisa kuti ikundike. Uye zvichida ndizvo.
Mabasa, purofiti, pesvedzero, uye kutengeserana kwekunze zvese zvinobatanidzwa pano, zvekuti kuita kwepakati (kana kushata) kunonzi kunogamuchirika, kana chete kuchengetedza mari ichiyerera uye mitsetse yekugadzira ichitenderera. Uye sezvazvinoitika, iyo Air Force zvechokwadi haina nzira iri pachena kune iyo F-35. Mumakore ekuma1950 nema1960, indasitiri yezvemuchadenga yakashandiswa kuvaka hupfumi hwemhando: iyo โzana dzakatevedzanaโ yevarwi, kubva paF-100 kusvika paF106. (Iyo ine mukurumbira wakashata F-111 yaive yekutanga vhezheni yeF-35.) Mauto Emuchadenga aigonawo kubata maNavy magadzirirwo akaita seF-4 Phantom. Iye zvino, ndiyo F-35 kana bust.
Mukusuwa kwayo kuri pachena, sevhisi iyi iri kutendeukira kumadhizaini ekare seF-15 Gondo (kusvika 1970) neF-117 Stealth Fighter (kusvika 1980) kuti ivhare mukaha wakagadzirwa nekunonoka uye kuwanda kwemutengo muchirongwa cheF-35. Makumi mashanu emakore mushure mekubhururuka kwayo kwekutanga, chinhu chishamiso kuti F-15 ichiri kugadzirwa - uye, hongu, mhosva iri pachena yekukwira kwemitengo uye kusaita kwakaringana kwekutsiva kwayo.
Mitengo yakakwirisa yeF-35, pamwe neF-22 Raptor, ichangobva kutyaira vakuru veAir Force. kubvunza kusikwa kwemurwi mutsva "wemutengo wakaderera". Irony of ironies, pane imwe nguva mune imwe nyika, F-35 yaifanirwa kuva inodhura-inotsiva ye "chizvarwa chechina" F-15s uye F-16s. Mwedzi wapera, Mukuru weAir Force of Staff General Charles "CQ" Brown airatidza zvakajairwa uye zvisinganzwisisike pfungwa dzemauto-maindasitiri apo. akakurukura uyo mutsva wekurota murwi:
"Kana isu tichikwanisa kuita chimwe chinhu chinotokwanisa [kupfuura F-16] zvakachipa uye nekukurumidza, nei? Ngatirege kungotenga pasherufu, ngatitarisei chimwe chinhu kunze uko chatinogona kuvaka. "
Mune mamwe mazwi, sei uchitenga zvakatoratidzwa uye zvakavandudzwa zvakasiyana-siyana zveF-16 iwe uchikwanisa kugadzira nekuvaka ndege nyowani kubva pakutanga, zvichinzi nenzira "yakachipa" uye "nekukurumidza"? Ehe, kupihwa kuti varwi vatsva vava kutora angangoita makumi maviri emakore kugadzira uye kumunda, iyo ifungidziro iri pachena kubva pakutanga. Kana sevhisi yangu yekare - ndiri mukuru weAir Force akarega basa - achida kukurumidza uye zvakachipa, zvinongofanira kuenda neiyo yakaedzwa-uye-yechokwadi F-16. Zvakadaro ndege nyowani yanyanya kukwezva kune sevhisi pasi pekupereta kwevagadziri vezvombo hofori, kunyangwe iyo F-35 ichiramba ichigadzirwa pasi pechinyakare chayo, ikozvino. manyepo anoratidza, mantra yezvakachipa-uye-zvirinani.
Sezvo Christian Sorensen akapfupisa mamiriro edu ezvinhu kwandiri: โKana chikuva chisiri kunyatsoita seF-35 chikatadza kudzimwa, saka tiri kuitei? Tinombotarisira sei kuunza mauto kumba [anodzivirira pasi rose] kana isu tisingakwanise kugumisa chikuva chezvombo chinotyisa kana kugadzirisa matambudziko ari pasi pehurongwa anoita kuti chikuva chakadaro chigadzirwe?"
Zvamazvirokwazvo, โmugari akasvinurira uye ane ruzivoโ akaita seuyo akatsanangurwa neMutungamiri Dwight D. Eisenhower mubhuku rake. 1961 kero yekuonekana kurudzi (maakatanga kunyevera nezve njodzi ye "mauto-maindasitiri akaoma" kuwana "pesvedzero isina kufanira") yaizoshanda kudzima masisitimu ezvombo asina kupambadza, asina basa seF-35. Asi ko kana masimba aripo munharaunda yeAmerica akaita kuti mugari wacho arambe asina hanya uye asingazivi panzvimbo?
Ndishevedzei kuti jaded, asi handisi kuona iyo F-35 ichidzimwa zvachose, kunyangwe haisati yasvika padanho rekugadzira zvizere. Zvingangove zvakaringana, zvakadaro, kudzima kwakadaro kwaizongoitika mushure mekudimburwa kukuru kune bhajeti rekudzivirira izvo zvakamanikidza masevhisi kuita sarudzo dzakaoma. Asi kucheka kwakadaro zviri pachena hakusi pachirongwa cheCongress chinoenderera mberi kubhadhara rekodhi Pentagon bhajeti mune bipartisan fashoni; Congress iyo, isina kutariswa sezvairi isu vagari, haingomanikidzire Pentagon kuita sarudzo dzakaoma.
Uye hechino chimwe chinhu chekufunga nezvekuti sei kudzima tsika kusamboshandiswa kuPentagon zvombo: maAmerican kazhinji. kuda zvombo. Tinombundikira zvombo, tinozvipemberera, tinomira nazvo. Kuzvikanzura, isu tinofanirwa kukanzura vhezheni yedu iyo inoratidzira mune yepamusoro-tech bongozozo. Kuzvikanzura, isu tinofanirwa kukanzura yakaitwa-mu-America pfungwa inofananidzira zvombo zvakadaro - anoba uye sexier zvirinani - ne kuchengetedzwa uye kuchengetedzwa, uye izvo zvinoona kuparadzwa mhiri kwemakungwa sekushandira democracy kumba.
Mauto eAmerica-maindasitiri emauto pasina mubvunzo acharamba achivaka zvombo zvakanakisa, zvinodhura zvakanyanya zvinozivikanwa nevanhu, kunyangwe kana zvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira zvisingaite uye zvisina kunaka. Asi sezvo zviuru zvemabhiriyoni emadhora zvinoraswa pazvirongwa zvezvombo zvakadaro, migwagwa yeAmerica, mabhiriji, uye mamwe marudzi ezvivakwa zvinoramba zvichiparara. Zvakadini nazvo, America? Wadii kukanzura zvombo izvozvo uye kuvaka kumashure zvirinani kumba?
Copyright 2021 William J. Astore
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