Kunobva: TomDispatch.com
Mutsara wekuti "kufunga pamusoro pezvisingafungiki" wagara uchibatanidzwa ne njodzi isingafungidziki yehondo yenyukireya, uye saizvozvo. Nguva pfupi yadarika, zvakadaro, ndanga ndichifunga nezverumwe rudzi rwechinoitika chisingafungidzike, chinenge chinotyisa (chinoti chedemocracy) seArmagedhoni inopisa nyukireya, asi iyo yanga ichibuda mukufamba kunononoka: kuti hondo yeAmerica pakutyisa haiperi nekuti i zvakanyanyonakira vatungamiriri veAmerica kuti varambe vachienderera mberi - kusvika, kureva kuti, yabvarura chero chinhu chataifunga sedemokrasi.
Ndinotya kuti hazvigone kana kupera nekuti, saMartin Luther King, Jr., Ratidza muna 1967 munguva yeHondo yeVietnam, United States inoramba iri pasi rose mukuru purveyor zvechisimba - uye hapana muzana rino ramakore, waasina kurarama kuona, zvakamuratidza kuti haana kururama. Zvichionekwa neimwe nzira, Washington inofanirwa kuverengerwa seanopisa zvakanyanya pasirese, achigara achiisa kana kupfutidza mirazvo yemoto pasi rose kubva kuLibya kuenda kuIraq, Somalia kuenda kuAfghanistan, Syria ku-ndinozvitaura-mune ramangwana risingafungidzirwe Iran, kunyangwe vatungamiri vedu vanogara vachizvirumbidza nekuva nevadzimi vemoto vakanyanya pasi rose (vanozivikanwawo se yeuto reUnited States).
Zviitiko zvehondo isingaperi zvinoshungurudza pfungwa dzangu. Kune demokrasi ine hutano, panofanira kunge paine zvinhu zvishoma zvisingafungidzike kupfuura kusapokana kusingagumi, kudonhedza kudonhedza kwerufu nekuparadzwa kunofambisa. militarism, inosimbisa hutongi hwejekerere, uye inofambisa njodzi capitalism. Muna 1795, James Madison akanyeverwa Vanhu vekuAmerica iyo hondo yerudzi irworwo yaizoratidza kufa kunononoka kwerusununguko uye hurumende inomiririra. Kufanotaura kwake kunoratidzika kunge kwakakosha zvikuru munyika umo, gore negore, nyika ino inoramba ichiita hondo dzisina basa dzisina chokuita nekudzivirirwa kwenyika.
Unorwa Hondo Yakareba, Unoibata Zvisizvo
Kududza muenzaniso mumwe wehondo isingakoshi kubva muzana ramakore rapfuura, funga nezveAmerica zvinotyisa makore ekurwa muVietnam uye chidzidzo chakakosha chakatorwa pachedu kubva mukukonana ikoko nemutori wenhau Jonathan Schell. "MuVietnam," akataura, "Ndakadzidza nezve kugona kwepfungwa dzemunhu kuvaka muenzaniso wechiitiko chinotaridza zvinhu zvinoshamisa uye zviri pachena." Semutori wenhau wechidiki aifukidza hondo, Schell akaona kuti US yakanga ichirasikirwa, kunyange sezvo mauto ayo akanga achiparadza zvinoshamisa nzvimbo dzeSouth Vietnam muzita rekuiponesa kubva kucommunism. Asi vatungamiriri veAmerica, "zvakanakisisa uye zvakajekaโ yenguva yacho, kunenge kumunhu akaramba kuona kuti zvinhu zvose zvaiita sezvazviri munyika yavo, kana zvasvika kuhondo iyoyo, akanga ari manyepo ekutanga.
Sei? Nekuti kutenda kuona uye vaida kwazvo kutenda kuti vaive vakomana vakanaka, pamwe nevarume vane simba kwazvo panyika. America yaikunda, zvaitofamba zvisina kutaura, nekuti zvaifanira kudaro. Vakatapukirwa neshanduro yavo yega yeAmerican kukunda tsika, kupofumadzwa nepfungwa yemagumo enyika ino ari pachena: kuva nyika yakatanhamara uye inokunda zvakanyanya pasi rino.
Sezvakaitika, zvakatonyanya kuomera kugunun'una pasi kuramba chokwadi chezvaiitika - kuti vairwa uye vachifa muhondo isina musoro. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kunyanya mushure mekuvhunduka kwemuvengi Tet Offensive kutanga kwa1968, kuratidzira kuri kuwedzera mukati memauto (uye pakati pevarwi vekumba) pamwe nekuratidzira kukuru kwehondo zvakazobatsira kuisa mabhureki pahondo iyoyo. Kwete, zvisinei, kupfuurisa 58,000 mauto eAmerica akafa, pamwe chete mamiriyoni yeVietnamese, Cambodian, uye Laotians.
Pakupedzisira, hondo yeIndochina yakanga yakadhura zvakanyanya, yakashata, uye isina maturo kuti ienderere mberi. Asi usamborerutsa mauto-indasitiri yakaoma, kunyanya kana zvasvika pakugadzirisa kana kuramba chokwadi, uku uchipihwa mari nekusingaperi nekuda kwechokwadi ichocho. Ndiwo hunhu hwakagovaniswa nevezvematongerwo enyika vemapato ese ari maviri. Usakanganwe, semuenzaniso, nzira iyo Mutungamiri Ronald Reagan akagadzirisazve mhirizhonga iyoyo kuita "chikonzero chakanakaโ muma1980. Uye mupe mbiri! Icho chakanga chisiri chinhu chiduku kutengesa kuruzhinji rweAmerica rwakanga rwatorarama kuburikidza nehondo yakadaro. Nenzira, ndiudze chimwe chinhu nezve nguva iyoyo yeReaganesque hainzwi seyakajairika anenge makumi mana emakore gare gare apo yedu chaiyo โMutungamiriri wenguva yehondoโ kare kare akazivisa kukunda mu "hondo" paCovid-19, kunyangwe huwandu hwevanhu vafa kubva kuhutachiona hunosvika zviuru zana nemakumi mashanu munyika.
Zvichakadaro, mauto-industrial complex akakunda refu con ye hapana-kukunda zvachose hondo nenzira inofadza zvechokwadi. Funga nezvehondo muAfghanistan. Muna 2021 ichapinda makore gumi echitatu pasina magumo mukuona. Kunyangwe kana Mutungamiri Trump achiita ruzha nezvekubvisa mauto munyika iyoyo, Congress inobvumidza kugadziridzwa kune imwe huru, inoisa rekodhi bhajeti remauto rine yakakura. bipartisan rutsigiro izvo zvinokanganisa zvinokanganisa chero kuedza kuita kudaro (apo Pentagon ichienderera mberi taurira Trump pasi pamusoro penyaya).
Hondo yeVietnam, iyo yaiparadza mauto eUS, yakazopera mukubuda kunonyadzisa. Anenge makumi maviri emakore gare gare, mushure mekupinda kwe2001, hondo yeAfghanistan ikozvino inogona kuva - kurota kweVietnam nguva - yakarwa nenzira "isina kukwana", kubva pakuona kweCongress, Pentagon, uye vazhinji vekuAmerica ( vanoifuratira), kunyangwe vasiri maAfghan. Huwandu hwemauto eAmerica ari kuurayiwa, panguva ino, zvinogamuchirika zvakaderera, inenge isingaoneki muchokwadi (kunyangwe zvisiri kune vekuAmerica vakarasikirwa nevadikani uko).
Zvichiwedzera, mauto eUS ari kuvimba nazvo simba remhepo, ma drones asina munhu, mercenaries, mauto emunharaunda, mapurisa, uye makondirakiti akazvimirira. Kuderedza kukuvadzwa kweAmerica inzira inoshanda yekudzikisa kuburitswa kwenhau dzisina kunaka pano; saka, zvakare, kuedza nekutonga kwaTrump kurongedza zvinenge zvese zvine chekuita nehondo iyoyo kuramba kana kurerutsa "rubatso kukuvaraโ - kureva, vanhu vakafa - kubva mairi.
Kuedza kwavo kunokwira kuchokwadi chakakasharara: America zviri pachena nhema pamusoro hondo dzayo nokusingaperi, kuitira kuti igogona kuramba ichiuraya munyika dziri kure nokumusha.
Kana isu sevanhu vekuAmerica tikaramba kutora kuparadzwa kwatinokonzeresa, tinosvika pakubvuma kutenda kweboka rinotonga kuti izvo zvichiri kunzi "kudzivirira" "inofanirwa kuve" uye yatinofanira kushandisa pamwe chete. zvakanyanya kupfuura mabhiriyoni emadhora pagore paPentagon, Dhipatimendi reHomeland Security, uye netiweki yakakura yemasangano ehungwaru, ese anoruramiswa sevadziviriri vanodiwa verusununguko rweAmerica. Kashoma kuti veruzhinji vafunge zvakanyanya nezvenjodzi dzinowanikwa mune inopararira "yedziviriro" network iyo inowedzera kupinda nekutonga hupenyu hwedu.
Zvichakadaro, zviri pachena kuti hondo dzinodhura, zvirinani maererano nemauto eUS akaurayiwa uye akakuvadzwa muchiito, anogona kurebedzwa nekusingaperi, kunyangwe kana asingazokonzerese chero chinhu chisina kusimba sekukunda kana kuzadzisa chero chinangwa chisingabatsiri cheAmerica. Hondo yeAfghan inoramba iri nyaya. "Kufambira mberi" ipfungwa inongoenderana muvengi - maTaliban anoramba achiwana nzvimbo - zvakadaro, mumakore ano, nhamba dzakaita semukuru weCIA uye aimbova mukuru weCIA David Petraeus vakaramba vachidana "chizvarwaโ kuzvipira kwemauto nezviwanikwa ipapo, zvakafanana nerutsigiro rweUS kuSouth Korea.
Ndiani anoti hutungamiriri hwePentagon hapana chaakadzidza kubva kuVietnam? Vakadzidza nzira dzokurwa hondo dzisina magumo chaizvoizvo nokusingaperi, izvo zvakabvumikisa kuva zvinoshanda zvirokwazvo kana zvasvika pakururamisa nokutsigira. epic mauto mabhajeti uye chiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika chinoenda navo. Asi hechino chinhu: mudemokrasi, kana iwe ukarwa hondo kwenguva refu, unoirwisa zvisizvo. Atene uye wezvenhau Thucydides vakadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma mukurwisana neSparta makore anopfuura zviuru zviviri apfuura. Nei tichiomerera pakukanganwa chidzidzo chiri pachena kudaro?
โTasangana neMuvengi Uye Ndiye Isuโ
Hondo Yenyika II yakanga iri hondo yekupedzisira maAmerica aifanira kurwa. Sekuru vangu Freddie vakanga vari muHondo uye vakamira paPearl Harbor payakarwiswa musi waDecember 7, 1941. Nyika yacho yakabva yaungana ndokukunda kurwisana kwenyika yose (nerubatsiro rwakawanda) mumwedzi 44, ichibuda sesimba guru renyika kutanga. Ikozvino, simba guru iri rave kuderera zvakanyanya, sekuzivikanwa kwaDonald Trump mukumhanya zvinobudirira se declinist candidate chemutungamiri muna 2016. (Ita America Huru zvakare!) Uye zvakadaro, kunyangwe akakwikwidza hondo dzekusingaperi dzenyika ino uye ari mutungamiri wenyika, tave kusvika kumakore gumi echitatu ehondo yehugandanga iyo yaburitsa zvishoma, yakaparadzira zvipfeko zvehugandanga zvechiIslam munzvimbo yese yepasi, uye zvichiri kuita sezviri kuita. haina magumo.
"Marudzi makuru haarwe hondo dzisingaperi," Trump pachake akati gore rakapera chete. Zvakadaro ndizvo chaizvo zvanga zvichiitwa nenyika iyi, zvisinei nekuti bato ripi rakatonga muWashington. Uye pano ndipo pa, kumupa chikwereti, Trump aive neimwe nzwisiso. America haisisiri yakakura chaizvo nekuda kwehondo dzisingaperi dzatinorwa uye zvese zvakavanzwa asi zvine chekuita nemari inoenda navo, kusanganisira ichangobva kushambadzirwa. mauto zvemapurisa pano pamba. Asi, mukuvimbisa kuita America hukuru zvakare, Mutungamiri Trump akakundikana kuti apedze hondo idzodzo, kunyangwe achidyisa mauto-maindasitiri ane mirwi yakawanda yemari.
Pane pfungwa dzakamonyoroka kune zvese izvi. Semutungamiri anotungamira wemhirizhonga uye kutya, nevatungamiriri vayo vakazvipira kurwisa hugandanga hwechiIslam pasi rose kudzamara chiitiko ichi chakundwa, US inova mupikisi wayo, ichiitisa hondo isingaperi pairi. Ehe, mukuita izvi, maAfghan, maIraqi, maLibya, maSyria, maSomalia, uye Yemenis, pakati pevamwe vanhu vari papasi redu rakabatikana, vanobhadhara nguva huru, asi vanhu vekuAmerica vanobhadharawo. (Wakamboona here kuti high-speed njanji ndiyo isina kuvakwa, iro dam mukati kuwedzera kusagadzikana, iwo mabhiriji anoda kugadziriswa, nepo mari ichienderera mberi dira kupinda munyika kuchengeteka mamiriro?) Sezvo katuni possum Pogo kamwe saka classically akati, "Tasangana nemuvengi uye ndiye isu."
Pakutanga kweHondo yeIraq, General Petraeus Abvunzwa mubvunzo waikosha zvechokwadi: โNdiudzei kuti [hondo] iyi inopera sei.โ Mhinduro, iri pachena kune vakawanda vaiva nayo kuratidzira mumigwagwa yepasi rose pamusoro pekupinda nechisimba kuchauya muna 2003, "kwakanga kusina kunaka." Nhasi, imwe mhinduro inofanirwa kuve pachena: hazviite, kana Pentagon neAmerica vezvematongerwo enyika uye vezvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika vane chekuita nazvo. Mukirasi ye thermodynamics, ndakadzidza kuti muchina usingaperi unofamba haugone kugadzira nekuda kwe entropy. Pentagon haina kumbobvira yazvitora uye yave kushanda nesimba kuratidza kuti muchina usingaperi wemauto unogonekaโฆ kusvika, ndiko kuti, humambo hwahunodya kubva mukupunzika ndokutitora nahwo.
America's Military Complex seCytokine Dutu
Munguva yeCovid-19, sezvo nyaya uye kufa kubva kudenda kuri kuramba kuchienderera soar muAmerica, zvinoshamisa kuti kushandiswa kwechiuto kuri kuwedzerawo rekodi mazinga kunyangwe paine emergency yekurapa uye kudzikira kukuru.
Chokwadi ndechekuti, muzhizha ra2020, America inotarisana nemavhairasi maviri anouraya. Yekutanga ndeye Covid-19. Nekushanda nesimba uye nerombo rakanaka, masayendisiti anogona kukwanisa kugadzira mushonga unoshanda waro, pamwe nekukurumidza. chirimo chinotevera. Zvichakadaro, masayendisiti ane ruzivo rwekuidzora, kuve nayo, kana kuimisa, sekuratidzira kwakaratidza nyika kubva kuSouth Korea neNew Zealand kuenda kuDenmark, kunyangwe vamwe vekuAmerica, vachikurudzirwa nemutungamiri wedu, vachiomerera pakukanda kungwarira. kumhepo muzita rekurarama wakasununguka. Hutachiona hwechipiri, zvisinei, hunogona kuratidza zvakanyanya kuoma kudzora, kuve, uye kusadzikamisa: hondo yekusingaperi, denda iro mauto eUS, nemamishini avo epasi rose, anoramba achipararira pasirese.
Zvinosuruvarisa, kubheja kunonzwisisika kuti nekufamba kwenguva, kunyangwe naDonald Trump semutungamiri, America ine mukana uri nani wekukunda Covid-19 kupfuura hutachiona hwehondo yekusingaperi. Zvirinani, yekutanga inowanzoonekwa sekutyisidzira kwakakomba (kunyangwe kana zvisiri nemutungamiri asingaoni chero chinhu kunze kwemikana yake yekusarudzwa patsva); chechipiri ndechekuti, zvisinei, ichiri kuonekwa zvakanyanya sehumbowo hwesimba redu uye kusarudzika. Chokwadi, vanhu vekuAmerica vanowanzo fungidzira "vedu" mauto kwete sehutachiona hune njodzi asi seti yemasoja ekudzivirira, anotidzivirira kubva kune vanoita zvakaipa pasi rose.
Kana zvasvika kuhondo zhinji dzeAmerica, pamwe pane chimwe chinhu chinodzidzwa kubva pamabatiro anoita mamwe masoja emuviri emunhu kuCovid-19. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, hutachiona hunomutsa mhinduro yakawedzera yekudzivirira iyo inotyaira muviri kupinda mukuzvimba kwakanyanya kunozivikanwa se cytokine dutu. Iro "dutu" rinogona kutungamira mukukundikana kwenhengo dzakawanda kuteverwa nerufu, asi rinoitika muchikonzero chekudzivirira muviri kubva mukurwiswa nehutachiona.
Nenzira yakafanana, mhinduro yeAmerica yakanyanyisa kune mbavha gumi nevapfumbamwe muna 19/9 uyezve kutyisidzira kunoonekwa pasi rese, kunyanya kutyisidzira kwehugandanga, kwakatungamira kune yakafanana (kana isingacherechedzwe) dutu recytokine muAmerican system. Mauto (uye mapurisa ane mauto) masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anga achipedza zviwanikwa zvedu, achipisa miviri yedu zvematongerwo enyika, uye zvishoma nezvishoma achidzipa nhengo dzakakosha dzedemocracy. Zvikasiiwa zvisina kudzorwa, iri โdutuโ rokuzvimba militarism kuchava kufa kwedemocracy muAmerica.
Kuisa nyika ino zvakanaka, chinodiwa haingori mushonga unoshanda weCovid-19 asi nzira yekudzora "masoja ekudzivirira chirwere" anogadzirwa nehondo dzekusingaperi dzeAmerica kunze kwenyika uye, sekupfuura makore, kumba - uye nenzira dzavanoita. vakarwisa nekupisa mubatanidzwa weUS wezvematongerwo enyika, zvemagariro, uye zvehupfumi. Kana chete patinowana nzira dzekuzvidzivirira pakurwisana nechisimba chinoparadza chehondo idzodzo, kana mumigwagwa yekunze kana yedu pachedu, tinogona kutanga kupora sevanhu vane demokarasi.
Kuti urarame, muviri wemunhu unoda immune system ine hutano, saka kana yaenda haywire, inozvimba zvisingaite, uye inoguma yarwisa nekudzikisira nhengo dzedu dzakakosha, tiri mudambudziko rakadzama. Ingori fungidziro ine musoro kuti, nenzira yakafanana, demokrasi yeAmerica yatove pamhepo uye inotanga kunzwa mhedzisiro yekutadza kwenhengo dzakawanda.
Kusiyana nemurwere wemunhu, vanachiremba havagone kuisa democracy yedu mucoma inokonzereswa nemishonga. Asi pamwe chete tinofanira kunge tichishanda kudzvanya immune system yedu isati yatiuraya. Mune mamwe mazwi, inguva chaiyo yekuita kubhadhara muchina wedu wemauto, pamwe neshanduro yechiuto yemapurisa, uye fungazve kuti kutyisidzira chaiko kungadzorerwe sei pasina kushandura mhinduro dzese kuita hondo isingaperi.
Makore mazhinji gare gare, inguva yekufunga zvisingafungidzirwe. Kuhurumende yeUS zvinoreva - gasp! - rugare. Runyararo rwakadai rwaizotanga nekudzingwa kwehumambo (kuunza mauto edu kumba!), kuderedzwa kwakanyanya kwemauto (nemapurisa) mabhajeti, uye kubvisa zvachose kubva kuAfghanistan uye chero imwe nzvimbo yakabatana neiyo "chizvarwa" hondo yekutyisa. Imwe nzira idutu recytokine iro, pakupedzisira, richatiparadzanisa nemukati.
William Astore, lieutenant colonel weAir Force akarega basa, akadzidzisa nhoroondo kwemakore gumi nemashanu. A TomDispatch dzose, anewo bhurogi rake, Bracing Views.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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