Please Batsirai Znet
Kunobva: TomDispatch.com
Sei hondo dzeAmerica dzisingaite nokusingaperi?
Ndinoziva, ndinoziva: Mutungamiri Joe Biden yazivisa kuti mauto edu ehondo achabviswa muAfghanistan ne9/11 wegore rino, zvichiratidza kurangarira makore makumi maviri ekukundikana kukuru kwaGeorge W. Bush naDick Cheney kudzivirira America.
Ehe, iyo imwe 9/11 muna 2001 yakativhundutsa tese. Ndakanga ndichidzidzisa nhoroondo paU.S. Air Force Academy uye ndichiri kurangarira nhaurirano dzakanyarara dzokuti nhamba yemutumbi wezuva ingapfuura here yeHondo yeAntietam, zuva rimwechete rakadeura ropa rakawanda reHondo yeVanhu. (Neraki, zvakaipa sezvazvaive, hazvina kudaro.)
Ndege dzakabiwa dzendege, dzakashandurwa kuita zvombo zvinokandwa nevanhu vane mumvuri vezvematongerwo enyika vasinganzwisisi, zvaizokanganisa zvakanyanya pfungwa dzedu dzakabatana. Mumwe munhu aifanira kubhadhara uye pakati pevakatanga kuurayiwa vaive maAfghans mukuvhurwa kweHondo yePasirose yeKutyisa, iyo isu mumauto takakurumidza kutanga kuidaidza seGWOT. Ndaisaziva ipapo kuti hondo yakadai yaizoramba ichienderera mberi makore gumi nemashanu mushure mekunge ndasiya basa kuAir Force muna 15 uye. 80 nyaya mushure mekunge ndanyora yangu yekutanga TomDispatch muna 2007 vachikakavadzana kuti kupera kwechiuto uye hondo dzisingaperi kufanana nechiri kuenderera mberi Afuganisitani.
Kwemakore iwayo, ndakasvika pakudzidza kuti, munyika yangu, hondo inogara ichiita senge inowana nzira, kunyangwe paichashata - zvakashata, muchokwadi, sezvazvakaita kuVietnam uye, mumakore ano, muAfghanistan uye. Iraq, zvirokwazvo mhiri kwakawanda kweGreater Middle East nenzvimbo dzakakosha dzeAfrica. Sezvineiwo, kunetsana kwakashata uku hakuna kuitirwa muzita redu. Congress haichatombonetseki nezviziviso zvehondo. Yekupedzisira yakauya muna 1941 mushure mePearl Harbor. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, vanhu vekuAmerica vakabatana kurwira chimwe chinhu senge chengetedzo yenyika uye chikonzero chakanaka. Nhasi, zvakadaro, hondo isingaperi yeAmerican-style ingori. Congress postures, asi hapana chaanoita kuti azvimise. Mukutaura kwekombuta, hondo isingaperi chinhu chehurongwa hwenyika yedu, kwete bug.
Mapato maviri e-pro-war, maRepublicans neDemocrats, akashanda mumakumi emakore aya kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti hondo dzakadai dzinoramba dziripo ... uye dzinoramba dzichienderera mberi. Zvakadaro, havasi ivo chikonzero chikuru nei hondo dzeAmerica dzakaoma kupera. Rega ndinyore zvimwe zvezvikonzero izvozvo kwauri. Kutanga, hondo dzakadaro hadzina zvadzinobatsira, kunyanya vagadziri vezvombo nemakondirakiti emauto ane hukama. Chechipiri, hondo dzakadai ndicho chikonzero chePentagon chekuve. Ngatisakanganwe kuti, pane imwe nguva, Dhipatimendi reDziviriro riripo rakashata rakanyanya uye nekutendeseka rakadaidzwa kuti Dhipatimendi reHondo. Chechitatu, kana purofiti nesimba haisi kukurudzira zvakakwana, hondo dzinopa chinangwa uye zvinoreva kunyangwe vachisimbisa zvimiro zveutongi munharaunda uye erode zvegutsaruzhinji. Pfupisa zvese uye hondo ndiyo iyo America zvino zvinoita, kunyange kana zvikonzero zvingava zvisingadziviriki uye migumisiro saka nguva dzose abysmal.
Tsigira Mauto Edu! (Ndivanaani, Zvakare?)
Hondo yekupedzisira yeAmerica zvechokwadi yaive Hondo Yenyika II. Uye pazvakapera muna 1945, varwi-varwi mukati memauto eUS vakadaidzira kukurumidza kubviswa - uye vakaiwana. Asi ipapo kwakauya Iron Curtain, Hondo Yemashoko, Hondo yeKorea, kutya kweAmagedhoni yenyukireya (iyo yakada kusvika pakubudirira panguva yeCuban Missile Crisis muna 1962), uye pakupedzisira, hongu, Vietnam. Hondo idzo dzaisawanzo kutsigirwa - kwete neshungu chero zvakadaro - nevanhu veAmerica, nekudaro kusavapo kwe congressional declaration. Pane kudaro, ivo vainyanya kushanda zvinofarirwa nenyika yekuchengetedza nyika, kana, kana uchida, iyo mauto-maindasitiri-congressional zvakaoma.
Ndizvo chaizvo chikonzero nei Mutungamiri Dwight D. Eisenhower vakapa yavo yambiro huru nezve Complex iyoyo mukero yake yekuonekana muna 1961. No peacenik, Ike akanga atungamirira zvinopfuura chikamu chake chekutora masimba kwemauto uye kupindira kune dzimwe nyika ari mutungamiri, zvokuti akasvika pakuona kukanganisa kwehurongwa hwaakanga achitsigira uye achitsvaka kuzvidzora. . Ndichowo chikonzero nei Mutungamiri John F. Kennedy akadana kuzvininipisa uye pacific approach kuHondo Yemashoko muna 1963, kunyange sezvo iye pachake akakundikana kumisa kufora kwakananga kuhondo yakazara muSoutheast Asia. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei Martin Luther King, Jr., ari muporofita zvechokwadi aifarira kukurumidza kunotyisa kwerunyararo, akanyevera vanhu vokuAmerica pamusoro pezvakaipa zve hondo nehondo (pamwe chete nerusaruraganda uye kuda zvinhu) muna 1967. Muchirevo chehukuru hwekuparadza America panguva iyoyo yakanga ichishanyira vanhu veSoutheast Asia, hapana pasina yayakashoropodza nyika ino senyika. mukurusa wemhirizhonga.
Pamwe chete, vanhu vekuAmerica vakasarudza kufuratira yambiro dzakadaro, pfungwa dzedu dzichinangidzirwa pakutaura hunhu hwekutsigira mauto "edu". Asi, kana ukafunga nezvazvo kwekanguva, unoona kuti mauto aya haasi edu chaiwo. Dai vanga vari, hatingade akawanda mabumper stickers anotiyeuchidza kuti tivatsigire.
Nekunyorwa kwemauto kwapera kwehafu yezana ramakore rekupedzisira, vanhu vazhinji vekuAmerica vakavhota netsoka dzavo nekusazvipira kuve "bhutsu pasi" muPentagon dzakasiyana siyana dzekutiza. Zvichakadaro, vatungamiri-vakuru veAmerica vakapa nhare dzinokurudzira dzebasa ravo renyika, sepanguva ya9/11, Mutungamiri George W. Bush vakakurudzira vanhu vekuAmerica kuti vaende kunotenga. shanyira Disney World. Mukupedzisira, vanhu vekuAmerica, vasingazive mabhoti ekurwa, kazhinji havana hanya, vachiona kuti hondo "dzedu" hadzina zvadzinoreva, kana chero chinangwa chakakosha muhupenyu hwavo.
Semunhu aimbove mukuru weAir Force, kunyangwe iye zvino ave pamudyandigere, ndinofanira kubvuma kuti zvakanditorera nguva yakareba kuti ndizive kuti hondo dzenyika iyi hadzina chekuita neni - kana iwe, nekuda kwenyaya iyi - nekuti isu hatina chekureva mazviri. Izvi hazvireve kuti vatungamiriri vedu havatsvage kuvabhadhara muzita redu. Kunyange sezvavanoita kudaro, zvisinei, ivo panguva imwe cheteyo vanotisunungura pakuda kupi nokupi kwokushumira kana kupira. Isu tinoudzwa kuti tifare "vedu" mauto, asi neimwe nzira tarisa kure uye kusiya hondo kune nyanzvi (kunyangwe, sezvazvinozoitika, idzo nyanzvi dzinoita sedzisingakwanisi kuhwina chimwe chete chadzo).
Iwe unoziva iyo yero "chiitiko chemhosva" tepi inoshandiswa nemapurisa kudzivirira vanoda kuziva? Hurumende yedu inonyanya kushandisa "war scene" tepi kuchengetedza vanoda kuziva pakati pedu kuti vasanzwisise zviri kuitwa nemauto pasi rose. โTepiโ iyoyo kazhinji kazhinji inosanganisira kushandiswa kwezvimiro, nechinhu chiri chose chingave chinokosha kwatiri chakasarudzwa โchakavanzikaโ kana kuti โchakavanzika chepamusoroโ uye chisingakodzeri kuti meso edu aone. Iyi tsika yekuvanzika inogonesa kusaziva uye inosimbisa kusava nehanya.
Chero ani zvake akafanana a Chelsea Manning kana John Kiriakou uyo anotsvaga kucheka tepi uye saka vagariwo zvavo ngavaongorore chero zviitiko zvedu zvehutsotsi hwehondo muhuipi hwavo hwose vanorangwa. Iwe, John Q. Veruzhinji, haufanirwe kuziva nezvemhosva dzehondo muIraq. Iwe, Jane Q. Veruzhinji, haufanirwe kuziva nezveCIA zvirongwa zvekutambudza. Uye kana iwe usingazivi, uye kunyange kana iwe uchiita (kana zvishoma), iwe hauna kukwanisa kubvunza mauto enyika ino nenzira ipi zvayo yakaoma. Iwe haugone kurwisa hondo nesimba uye unozviziva, saka kazhinji haungaite - sezvakamboitwa nevakawanda munguva yeVietnam - kuvamisa.
Kune inozvidaidza kuti democracy iyo inofanirwa kubvisa kunetsana kwakadai, hondo yave yese kwese, kwese-kusipo (kana iwe ukanditendera kuti ndigadzire izwi remamiriro edu anoshamisa), uye zvisinganzwisisike mercenary mune idzi nyika dzisina kubatana. Kukwereta mutsara kubva The GODFATHER, hondo haisi yemunhu muAmerica, ndizvo zvakasimba bhizinesi. Chaizvoizvo, nyika ino ine vatongi vehondo vane simba, kunyangwe vasina mazita emunhu, angori akaungana - saBoeing, Lockheed Martin, naRaytheon. Muhondo idzodzo dzeโdzeduโ mune humbowo husingarambiki hwakadaro makambani zvechokwadi vagari, sezvakaziviswa neDare Repamusorosoro muna 2010 nedare redzimhosva mune yainzi "Citizens United" nyaya. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vatungamiriri vemauto eAmerica vava rudzi rutsva rwemugari ane simba. Funga nezvavo seshanduro dzakamonyoroka dzeMarvel superheroes, pamwe chete profiting kubva mukukonana kusingaperi.
Ndati America haichina varwi-varwi here? Zvechokwadi, America inazvo. Muchinzvimbo chekare-maitiro magamba akafanana Alvin York (kubva kuHondo Yenyika I) kana Audie Murphy (kubva kuHondo Yenyika II), isu zvino tine "magamba" seCitizen Raytheon uye Citizen Boeing. Rangarira, saMitt Romney akatiyeuchidza, "makambani vanhu, shamwari yangu."
Maonero Ako paHondo Haakoshesi - Kana Anodaro?
Sezvandinofunga nezvehondo, chimiro cheAmerica, mamwe mazwi anopinda mumusoro mangu kubva pakatekisimo yeKatorike: ikozvino uye zvichave zviripo, nyika isina magumo, Ameni. Nyorera izvozvo kumakakatanwa epasi rose eAmerica uye watora chokwadi chinosiririsa cheiyi nguva yehondo isingaperi, kunyangwe Mutungamiriri Biden ari kuyedza kubvisa mauto eUS kubva mune chimwe chazvo (uye vamwe vari kutarisa neshungu nzira dzekuenderera mberi kurwisana naro). Zvakatonyanya kuipa, kuseri kwezviitiko, kuti "nyika isina magumo" inogara ichityisidzira kuva nyika ine magumo sezvo Pentagon ichiramba ichivaka zvimwe. zvombo zvenyukireya - mutsara wenguva "uchiri kugadzirisa zvombo zvenyukireya" - uchitsvaga kupokana. hondo yechando nyowani ne China uye Russia.
Kureva nezve dzidziso yeKatorike mune iyi fashoni inogona kuita seyakatsauka kune vamwe, asi funga nezve imwe nzira, zvese zvakafanira, sezvo hondo neimwe nzira iri zvakagovaniswa zvakanyanya chitendero, kana chisiri chitendero, muAmerica. Vanhu vakawanda kwazvo vanoitenda, kunyange kuinamata. Zviratidzo zveizvi zvinosanganisira kushandurwa kwemunhu wese anopfeka yunifomu yehondo kupinda gamba otomatiki. Vanhu vanobayira vana vavo kuchitendero ichocho. Uye kunyangwe iwe kana vana vako vakasarudza kusashanda (sezvinoitwa nevazhinji vekuAmerica), kana iwe uri pakati pevagari vasingawanzo kuratidzira vachipokana nehondo dzedu, madhora ako emutero zvakadaro anodyisa muchina wehondo unogara uchingodonha, zvakanaka- yakanatswa nemipiro yedu isingaperi yemari.
Kunyange zvazvo mari dzedu dzichiri kuti โTinovimba naMwari,โ mwari anonzi nevatungamiriri venyika yedu vanovimba naye zvechokwadi murwi, kwete muchinda worugare. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu uye pamusoro pehondo isingaperi, hapana munhu anofanira kushamisika kuti nyika ino iri kuwedzera kurwiswa nekukakavadzana uye kurojeswa nechisimba.
Kunzwisisa kunodzidziswa nenhoroondo kunotiudza kuti hondo kutya, utsinye, uye kuponda. Vanopfuura vashoma vevanakomana nevanasikana veAmerica zvechokwadi vakashandurwa nehondo kuita mhondi mhiri kwemakungwa - uye izvo mauto "edu" asati auya kumba, achishungurudzwa nezviitiko zvinouraya uye maronda avo epanyama nepatsika. Asi kunyangwe nekurwadziwa kwavo, kunyangwe maronda iwayo, mauto eAmerica anotinhira, achidyara mazino edragoni emakakatanwa anouya kuburikidza nehukuru. kutengeswa kwezvombo kunze kwenyika uye kumwe kutumirwa kwemauto kunowanzoitika vakarurama, zvinoshamisa zvakakwana, sekubatsira kudzivirira hondo.
Hongu, tinoda kufunga nezvenyika yedu seguta rinopenya pamusoro pechikomo, asi kune vamwe tinofanira kuita kunge muzinda uzere nezvombo, hondo huru. Uye zvinosuruvarisa kuti, vazhinji vedu vekuAmerica mumuzinda iwoyo vangangove vakasimba muhondo uye vasina kururama pane kugadzikana uye vanyoro.
Icho chokwadi chinotyisa chakapfupikiswa kwandiri nekutaura kwekunze kubva kune iye anozviti ishe wehondo, ipapo-Mutevedzeri weMutungamiri Dick Cheney. Mukutanga kwa2008, kurwisa kwehutongi hwake nekugara muIraq kwakapaza uye nekufa kuri kuwedzera, akayeuchidzwa kuti maonero everuzhinji munyika iyi akange apandukira hondo iyoyo uye vanhu vaida kuti ipere. "Saka?" Cheney akapindura.
Ndiani ane hanya kana vanhu vachirwisana nehondo? Kana zvakadaro, ndiani ane hanya nechakanaka nechakaipa? Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti nyika inochengetedza nyika inoda uye chainoda ihondo kusvika pakupera kwenguva.
Chii chinofanira kuitwa? Ndiri kuona nzira mbiri dzinogoneka dzenyika ino. Imwe ndeyekushanda kutsvaga nzira dzekupedza hondo dzedu dzese uye hukuru hwemauto epasi rose hunofamba navo. Mukuita izvi, taizotanga kuputsa muchina wedu wehondo yehumambo uye nekudaro tinokanganisa mauto-maindasitiri akaoma nevakuru vehondo. Imwe ndiyo nzira iyo nyika ino inoramba iripo (zvisinei naJoe Biden kuda kupedza Hondo yeAfghan). Kana ikateverwa, icharamba ichibvumira vanaCaesars vaduku pakati pedu kuti vaite hasha kutozosvikira simba rehumambo uhwu pakupedzisira raputsika pasi pehuremu hwekunyanyisa uye kukundikana kwehondo. Imwe nzira yaizotungamira mukukwanisa kudzoreredzwa kwedemocracy uye kugoneswa kwevagari seAmerica vavambi vakada; imwe yacho pasina panikiro ichaguma munyongano yokuputsika kunononoka munyika iri kutyisidzirwa nokuparadzwa kwenyukireya.
Hapana magumo asi izvo zvatinogadzira, akadaro Sarah Connor mu Terminator mafirimu. Chii chichava, America? Isu tine hushingi hwakabatana here hwekuzviitira isu pachedu nekudhonza plug pamushini wehondo?
Copyright 2021 William J. Astore
William Astore, mutyairi wemauto lieutenant colonel (USAF) uye purofesa wenhoroondo, ari TomDispatch dzose uye mumwe wevakuru kuEisenhower Media Network (EMN), sangano revashandi vemauto anonetsa uye vezvekuchengetedza nyika. Yake yega blog iri Bracing Views.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta