Z Magazine
April, 2007
Ongororo yeBhuku: Travesty: Muedzo waSlobodan Milosevic uye
Huori hweKutonga Kwenyika Dzepasi Pose
NaJohn Laughland
Edward S. Herman
Bhuku idzva raJohn Laughland, Travesty: Muedzo waSlobodan Milosevic uye Huori hweKutonga Kwenyika Dzepasi Pose (London/Ann Arbor: Pluto Press, 2007), chidzidzo chechina chakakosha chekuongorora nyaya dzine chekuita nehondo dzeBalkan dzandaongorora in Z Magazine. Vatatu vekutanga vaive
Rondedzero iyi yakakurumidza kugadzirwa, nerubatsiro rwe kushambadza kwakanyanya kunoitwa nehurumende dzeCroatia neBosnia Muslim (vakabatsirwa neUS PR firms), US nedzimwe hurumende dzeNATO, iyo NATO-yakarongeka uye NATO-servicing International Criminal Tribunal yeYaimbova Yugoslavia's (ICTY, kana Tribunal), uye vezvenhau vekuMadokero, izvo zvakakurumidza kuva varwi vehondo muhondo iyi. Iri boka risina kurongeka rakatarisa pane dzakawanda nyaya nemifananidzo ye vanotambura vanotambura, kune rimwe divi chete uye vasina context. Mukutaura paparade ye vakawirwa nenjodzi, Laughland anoti "Mhosva [neICTY] inotorwa pasina kana chirevo chekuti zviito zviri kutaurwa zvakaitwa muhondo: munhu anowanzo kuve nemanzwiro ekuti munhu angave achiverenga tsananguro yemurume mumwe achirova. mumwe murume akafa Asi rudzi urwu rwezvapupu, rwekuti mudziviriri anogona kutevedzera kana akapihwa mukana - uye Milosevic akaita kuratidzwa kwevhidhiyo yekushungurudzwa zvakanyanya Serbs kwemaawa akati wandei kusvika pakutanga kwe kutongwa kwakeโkunoshanda mukuita dhimoni uye kwakabatsira kubudisa vatendi vechokwadi vakawanda vaiona chero nharo dzokupikisa kana humbowo seโkukumbira ruregerero kuna Milosevic.โ
Iko kubatanidzwa kwemutsara webato kwakasimbiswa neruzhinji rwemasangano uye vanhu vakazvipira vakagadzirira kurwisa avo vakatsauka vanopokana nedzidziso itsva pamwe nemasangano enhau ayo nguva zhinji anobvumira kubvunzwa kwe "chokwadi." Kuramba kuongorora mabhuku aya anopokana uye kugadzirisa nyaya dzavanosimudza humbowo hwehumbwende nekusaziva kwezvinobudisa nhau, uye kunyanya vezvenhau vane rusununguko, vasingade kupikisa rondedzero yenhema pamatanho ose, sezvakatsanangurwa zvinogutsa mumabhuku matatu akaongororwa kare uye zvakare mukati Travesty.
ZvaLaughland Travesty inotarisa pa "The Corruption of International Justice" inoratidzwa mukuita kweICTY mukutora uye kutongwa kwaMilosevic, asi mukuita bhuku racho rinovhara nyaya dzakawanda dzekuongorora hondo dzeBalkan uye basa revatori vechikamu vakasiyana-siyana. Nhema dzakarongwa dzinobviswa imwe pashure peinotevera. Panyaya ye "ruramisiro yenyika," Laughland anosimbisa chokwadi chekuti ICTY idare rezvematongerwo enyika rine zvinangwa zvezvematongerwo enyika zvinopikisana nezvinodiwa nechero kururamisira kuri pamutemo.
Dare rezvematongerwo enyika iri rakarongwa zvikuru neUnited States neBritain, nyika idzo dzava kurwisa vamwe vakasununguka, asi dzichitsvaga ngano dzinopa hudzvanyiriri hwadzo. de jure uyewo quasi-tsika chivharo. Nechikonzero ichi mitemo yeICTY yakamira
Iyo ICTY yakasimbiswa kwete nekupfuura kwechero mutemo kana kusaina kwe chibvumirano chepasi rose (sezvakaitika kuInternational Court of Justice) asi nemutongo we hurumende shoma dziri kutonga Security Council, uye Laughland inoratidza kuti izvi zvaipfuura simba re Security Council (inoratidzwawo mune rimwe basa rakatanhamara asi rezvematongerwe enyika risina kururama uye rakaregeredzwa, raHans Kรถchler Kururamisira Kwepasi Pose Kana Kutsiva Kwepasi Pose? [Springer-Verlag Wien, 2003]). Yakatangwa zvakare nechinangwa chakavhurika che kuishandisa kutsvaga mumwe mubato mukukonana, anofungidzirwa kuti ane mhosva pamberi pekutongwa chero kupi zvako. Zvinangwa zvezvematongerwo enyika zvinonzi ndezvekuunza runyararo kuranga vakashata uye nekudaro kushanda sechidziviso, asiwo kushandira vakakuvadzwa neinonzi Laughland "simba rekurapa rekuwana zvitendwa." Asi iwe unogona sei kudzivisa pasina kurerekera pakuregererwa? Laughland anocherekedzawo kuti "Kusimbisa kwakanyanya pamusoro pekodzero dzevakabatwa kunoreva kuti 'kururamisira' kwakafanana nemutongo wemhosva, uye zvinosvika zvine njodzi pedyo nekururamisa kutsiva chaiko. izvo vatsigiri vemutemo wemhosva vanoti vanoramba.โ "Zvichakadaro, pfungwa yokuti miedzo yakadaro zvine basa rekudzidzisa zvematongerwo enyika pachazvo zvinoyeuchidza 'miedzo yenyonganyonga' yakaitwa kuti isimbise boka revashandi muSoviet Russia yekutanga."
Laughland inoratidza kusateerera mutemo kwakawanda kweICTY. Haina kugadzirwa na mutemo uye hapana bato repamusoro rinoongorora sarudzo dzaro uye kune avo vanogona kukwidza nyaya. Vatongi, kazhinji vanogadzwa mune zvematongerwo enyika uye vasina ruzivo rwekutonga, vanozvitonga ivo pachavo. Laughland anonongedza kuti vatongi vakachinja mitemo yavo kakawanda, asi hapana kuchinja uku kwakambopikiswa nechiremera chipi nechipi chakakwirira. Uye mitemo yavo inoitwa "inochinjika," kuti ipe mhedzisiro inobudirira; vatongi vachiona vachidada kuti ICTY โinozvidza mitemoโ uye kuti haidi โkuzvisunga kumitemo inoganhurira iyo yakatanga kubva mugadziriro yekare yekutongwa nevatongi.โ Kuchinja kwemutemo kwakadzikisira kodzero dzevanopomerwa, asi kubva pakutanga kodzero idzi dzakadzikira: Laughland quotes a.
Laughland inotaura kuti ICTY iโsangano revachuchisiโ rine โuzivi hwose uye chimiro chiri kupomera.โ Ichi ndicho chikonzero vatongi varo zvishoma nezvishoma vakagamuchira rukova rwe mitongo inokuvadza kudzivirira uye mukana wekutongwa kwakanaka-kusanganisira kugamuchirwa kwe humbowo hwekunzwa, zvapupu zvakavanzika, uye zvikamu zvakavharwa (mapoka maviri ekupedzisira anoshanda munyaya ye 40 muzana yezvapupu mukutongwa kweMilosevic). Mitemo yeICTY inotobvumira kukwidza nyaya uye kutongwazve kwomupomerwi akasunungurwaโโnemamwe mashoko, ICTY inogona kusunga munhu wayakangoona asina mhosva.โ
Kuongorora kunoparadza kwaLaughland kwekupomedzerwa kweMilosevic uye kutongwa chidzidzo mukushungurudzwa simba mukuedzwa kwekuratidzira kune zvematongerwo enyika, kusakwanisa, uye kukanganisa kwematare edzimhosva. Mhosva yekutanga, yakapihwa mukati mehondo yekubhomba yeNATO, muna Chivabvu 27, 1999, yakagadzwa muhukama hwepedyo pakati peICTY neUS neBritish vakuru vakuru, uye basa rayo rezvematongerwo enyika raive rakajeka-kubvisa mukana we Kugadzirisana kwehondo uye kukanganisa pfungwa kubva kuNATO yekubhomba zvivakwa zvevagari vemo (mhosva yepamutemo yehondo, inowedzera kune "mhosva huru yepasirese," zvese zviri pano zvakadzivirirwa mutumbi uyu unofungidzirwa kuti wakabatana ne "mutemo" uye kudzivirira rugare!). The later kidnapping and transfer of Milosevic kuti
Kupomerwa kwepakutanga kwe Milosevic aibata chete nebasa rake rekupomerwa mhosva dzehondo muKosovo. Asi sekutaura kunoita Laughland, zvirevo zvemusango zve kuuraya vanhu vakawanda uye kuurayiwa kwevanhu muKosovo kwakanga kusingagoneki neuchapupu, uye kuputika kweNATO kunogona kunge kwakauraya vanhu vakawanda veKosovo seuto reYugoslavia. Izvi zvakasimbisa dambudziko rekuti kana mhosva yeMilosevic yakaganhurirwa kuKosovo zvingava zvakaoma kupembedza kumuedza mhosva dzeKosovo asi kwete vatungamiriri veNATO, pfungwa yakatobvumwa nemuchuchisi weICTY. Saka makore maviri mushure mekupomerwa kwekutanga, asi mushure mekupambwa kwaMilosevic nekuendeswa kune
Saka muchuchisi akatsvaga mhosva ye "genocide" nekuita kuti Milosevic ave sahwira mu "joint criminal enterprise" (JCE) kuti abvise. VaCroatia nevaMuslim vari muโSerbia Huru.โ Mhosva dzekutanga dzakasungirira mhosva dzake dzaaipomerwa kuKosovo hadzina kumbotaura chero kutora chikamu muJCE kana kutyaira ye "Greater Serbia." Saka muchuchisi aifanira kutanga kuunganidza humbowo hwemhosva, JCE, uye Greater Serbia inovavarira
Chinhu chakakosha pamhosva yekuchuchisa yaive mhosva yakanonoka yekuti Milosevic akabatanidzwa mu "mubatanidzwa wematsotsi bhizinesi" nemaSerbs mu.
Laughland ine chitsauko chakanaka paGreater Serbia, inoratidza kuti Milosevic haana kutanga hondo dzekuparadzana (kunyangwe achitora mashoko nemuchuchisi Nice achibvuma izvi), kuti anga asiri munhu anonyanya kurwira nyika uye kuti kupomerwa nezvekutaura kwake kwa1987 na1989 inhema, kuti rutsigiro rwe maSerbs muCroatia neBosnia akanga akakodzera uye ainyanya kudzivirira, uye kuti akanga asiri kushanda akananga kuSerbia huru asi achiedza zvikuru kugonesa maSerbs muYugoslavia yakaparara kuti vagare pamwe chete. Panguva yekudzivirira kwaMilosevic, mutungamiri weSerb Nationalist Party Vojislav Seselj akangoti chete ake bato rakatsvaga "Greater Serbia," sezvo maCroats neBosnia maMuslim aive maSerbs ane chitendero chakasiyana uye bato rake rakarwa kuti rivaunze vese mukati meSerbia-Milosevic aida chete kuti maSerbs akavharirwa munyika dzakapanduka kuti vakwanise kubatana neSerbia. Panguva iyoyo muchuchisi Geoffrey Nice akabvuma kuti Milosevic akanga asiri kuda Serbia yakakura, asi, mumashoko aNice, yaingova nechinangwa che "pragmatic" che โkuvimbisa kuti vaSerb vose vakanga vagara mune yaimbova Yugoslavia inofanira kubvumidzwa ... kugara muchikamu chimwe chete. " Izvi zvakakonzera kushamisika pakati pevatongi vematare, sezvo Milosevic akashatisa dhiraivha yeGreater Serbia yaive pamwoyo wenyaya yeICTY.. Hauna kumbonzwa nezvazvo? Zvinonzwisisika, sezvo New York Times uye vezvenhau vemazuva ano havana kumbozvitaura, sezvavasina kumboedza kuyananisa kutsigira kwaMilosevic kwerunyararo runofamba nebasa rake raanoti semurwi achitsvaga iyo Greater Serbia.
Pane zvakawanda zvakakosha mu Travesty uye ini handikwanise kuzviita zvakanaka kunyangwe pazvinhu zviri kukurukurwa pano. Iri ibhuku rinoshamisa rinofanira kunge riri parunyorwa rwekuverenga rwemunhu wese ari kutsvaga kujekeswa pazvinhu zvakavhiringika uye zvinovhiringidza zvinosanganisira hondo dzeBalkan uye "kupindira kwevanhu." Zvinobatsira kubvisa pfungwa yekuti kurwiswa kweNATO kwakavakirwa pahunhu hwairuramisa hutongi hwepamusoro uye mutemo wepasirese, uye zvinoratidza pachena kuti ICTY idare rezvematongerwo enyika rakazara nezvematongerwo enyika "huwori hwekutonga kwenyika."
Sezvo Laughland achisimbisa (uye
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