Z Magazine
January, 2011
Ongororo yeBhuku: Kuparadzwa kweYugoslav Tribunal
Ongororo ye Nhoroondo yeGerminal Civikov Srebrenica: The Star Chapupu
(NGO Srebrenica Historical Project: 2010; yakashandurwa kubva muchiGerman,
Srebrenica: Der Kronzeuge, 2009, na
Edward S. Herman
Iri bhuku imhosva inoparadza ye International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY, kana kuti Tribunal), ichiratidza zvakajeka kuti ICTY โhaizvibati maererano netsika dzomutemoโโisangano rezvamatongerwe enyika panzvimbo pokutonga, uye rakaita basa iri rezvamatongerwe enyika. zvakanaka. Harisi basa rekutanga kurwisa Tribunal zvine mutsindo bhuku raLaughland pachake Travesty (Pluto: 2006), uye Michael Mandel's sei
Erdemovic aive nhengo yeboka remauto reBosnia Serb, "10th Sabotage Unit," timu yevarume vasere yaakati yakapfura vasungwa 1,200 vechiBosnia vechiMuslim paBranjevo Farm kuchamhembe kweSrebrenica.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa uye zvinoburitsa pachena zvenyaya yeErdemovic ndechekuti kunyangwe akadoma vanhu vanomwe vakamuuraya pamwe chete nevakuru vaviri muketani yekuraira vakaraira kana kutadza kumisa mhosva, hapana kana mumwe wavo akambounzwa. mudare reICTY ingave mhondi ine mhosva kana kusimbisa chero Zvakataurwa naErdemovic. Mhondi idzi dzakagara dzakanyarara, dziri nyore kusvika ICTY kutonga, asi vasinganetseki nesangano iroro uye chero zvinodiwa zvinoita sezvinotemerwa mutemo we mutemo. Mukuru wechikwata chake, Milorad Pelemis, uyo Erdemovic akati akanga apa mutemo wekuuraya, akajekesa mubvunzurudzo yakabudiswa mubepanhau reBelgrade muna Mbudzi 2005, kuti vaongorori veHague havana kumbomubvunza. Akanga asina kumbovanda, asi ararama asina kuvhiringwa nemukadzi wake nevana mukati
Sezvo ava vanomwe vaive mhondi dzemazana akawanda mushanduro yaErdemovic, uye vachuchisi nevatongi vakatora shanduro yaErdemovic sechokwadi, nei mhondi idzi dzakasiiwa dzisina kubatwa? Chinhu chimwe pakarepo zvakajeka ndezvokuti ICTY yakanga isiri mubhizimisi rekushandira kururamisira kusina rusarura kunyange kusvika kusunga uye kuyedza kuuraya mhondi dzevaMuslim veBosnia mune imwe nyaya iyo ICTY pachayo yakadana "kuparadza rudzi." Asi kufuratira vamwe vakapara mhosva panyaya iyi kunoratidza zvakasimba kuti vachuchisi nevatongi vakanga vari kuita basa rezvematongerwo enyikaโkudzivirira mufakazi aizotaura zvaidiwa neICTY, uye kuramba kupa chero humbowo hunopikisa kana kubvunzurudza zvingazvidza nyeredzi chapupu. Civikov anonongedza kuti nguva chete Erdemovic aive pasi pekubvunzurudzwa kwakakomba paakabvunzwa naMilosevic pachake panguva yekuedzwa kweMilosevic marathon. Uye Civikov inoratidza zvakanaka kuti mutongi weICTY mutongi wenyaya iyi, Richard May, akaenda kumarwadzo makuru kumisa Milosevic pose apo mibvunzo yake yakapinda zvakadzika munzvimbo yekubatana kweErdemovic kana kuvimbika.
Muna Kubvumbi 2004, muBosnia Croat, Marko Boskic, akasungwa mukati
Nekudaro, iyo Boskic kesi haiwire mune chero diki-hove-isingafarire chikamu. Asi, zvinonyatsoenderana nekutadza kuunza kudare Pelermis kana chero wevanomwe vanozivikanwa vakapara mhosva. kuurayiwa kwevanhu vakawanda. Civikov's very plausible hypothesis ndeyekuti iyi ndeimwe kuratidzwa kwe nyeredzi kudzivirira chapupu-iyo ICTY haidi kuti uchapupu hwake huri nyore hupikiswe. Hove diki dzakaita seBoskic dzinogona kuita chirongwa chezvematongerwo enyika. Civikov inosiyanisa zvakanyanya kungwarira uye zviito zvehasha zve ICTY uye
Chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa che kubata kwaErdemovic ndiko kushandiswa kwake sechapupu chenyeredzi pakarepo mushure mekunge aziviswa kuti akaremara mupfungwa uye asati apiwa mutongo wake. Kutevera kureurura kwake kwekutanga kwe mhosva musi waMay 31, 1996, pana June 27, 1996 Erdemovic akaziviswa nevatongi vematare edzimhosva kuti akange asina kukodzera kubvunzurudzwa mukutonga kwake nekuti vanachiremba vepfungwa vakamuwana achirwara ne-post-traumatic stress disorder, vanachiremba vachikurudzira kuti atange anzwa. mamiriro ake epfungwa mumwedzi mitanhatu kusvika kumipfumbamwe. Asi musi waChikunguru 5, isingasviki vhiki mushure meiyi chirevo chekurapa, Erdemovic akaiswa pamberi sechapupu chenyeredzi pamberi pedare kuti azivise zviri kupomerwa Radovan Karadzic naRatko Mladic.
Ichi chaive chishamiso chinoshamisa. Vaviri vari kupomerwa vakanga vasina kubatwa, saka vakanga vasipo kuti vazvidzivirire, uyewo magweta avo akanga asipo. Vaingove vachuchisi nevatongi veICTY vari kuita. Vatongi vamwe chete vakanga vachangobva kutaura kuti pfungwa dzake hadzina kukodzera kubvunzurudzwa mudare rake pachake zvino vakamusundidzira mberi pasina kumwezve kuongororwa kwachiremba. Mutongi anotonga Claude Jorda akatsanangura kuti kutongwa kwaErdemovic uye mutongo wake zvakamiswa "nekuti takakumbira rumwe ruzivo rwezvekurapa," izvo zvinodzvinyirira nyaya yekuti mutongo vanachiremba vaive kuti Erdemovic "aive asina kukodzera kubvunzurudzwa," pamwe kwete mukutongwa kwake chete. Asi basa raJorda muchirongwa chezvematongerwo enyika rinopinda zvakadzama โ haangobvumiri Muchuchisi kuti aise pachigaro munhu angonzi haakodzeri, uye anoita izvi mhondi iyi isati yapihwa mutongo, anotovimbisa Erdemovic kuti humbowo hwake sechapupu chemuchuchisi "hunogona kutariswa." Yakanga iri kunyanya pahwaro hwe husina kusimbiswa uye husingapikiswe (uye husingapikisike) huchapupu hwe murume anorwara uyu nemuurayi mukuru achiri kutarisana nekutongwa kwake uye nekutongwa, izvo tsamba dzekusungwa dzakapihwa Karadzic naMladic.
Izvo Erdemovic aive akagadzirira kuita mukushandira chirongwa cheICTY kwaive kubatsira kuvaka nyaya yekuti pakanga paine mutsara wekuraira pakati pake nevanomuponda. paBranjevo Farm uye Bosnia Serb high command, kureva, Karadzic naMladic, uye ndinovimba pakupedzisira Milosevic. Akaita izvi zvisina kunaka, asingamboratidzi kubatanidzwa kwevatungamiriri ivavo kana ruzivo rwe rwendo urwu rwekuuraya, asi kunyanya kungotaura kuti vatungamiriri venzvimbo yavo vaive pasi pesimba re pakati peBosnia Serb dzimbahwe. Akataura kuti simba rekukurumidza pamusoro pekuuraya kwakaitwa naBrano Gojkovic, akazvimiririra muchikwata chaisanganisira Lieutenant, uye akataura nezveasinganzwisisike uye asina kudomwa zita Lieutenant Colonel vakatora chikwata ichi kunzvimbo yekuuraya ndokubva vaenda. Erdemovic hazvienderane nekuti Pelermis akaraira kuuraya kana uyu asina kudomwa zita Lieutenant Colonel. Anotaurawo kuti Colonel Petar Salpura, mukuru wehungwaru weuto reBosnia Serb aive nemutoro wakananga wekuponda uku. Anozengurira pasimba raGojkovic, dzimwe nguva achimuita โmutungamiririโ nechiremera chikuru, dzimwe nguva achingoshanda semurevereri. Erdemovic pachake anonzi akanga asina simba uye akamanikidzwa kuuraya, asi Civikov anoita nyaya yakanaka kwazvo iyo. panguva iyoyo Erdemovic akanga ari sajeni, uye kuti akanga apinda muchikwata nokuzvidira. Asi iye naLieutenant Franc Kos vaifungidzirwa kuti vanotungamirwa neakazvimirira Gojkovic mubhizinesi rekuuraya iri. Uyu mutsara wekuraira wakashata kwazvo!
Civikov inoratidza kuti muchuchisi nevatongi vakarwa nesimba uye nekubudirira kudzivirira chero matambudziko kune Erdemovic asingagoneki uye aipokana, uye pamwe asingabvumidzwe, zvirevo pamusoro pemutsara wekuraira. Izvi zvinosanganisira, zvakakosha, kuramba kwavo kudana pamberi pedare kunyange mumwe weavo "hove diki" mhondi pamwe nevatungamiriri vepamusoro vanogona kunge vakajekesa chokwadi. Panzvimbo yekudaidza mukuru wavo, Lieutenant Pelermis, kana mukuru waPelermis, Colonel Petar Salpura, ICTY iri kufara kumira "nesajeni akavhiringika mupfungwa uye anoratidzika kunge akadzikiswa," anoita hukama huri kuteverwa nedare iri neushingi husina kufanira.
Erdemovic nevamwe vake vaaishanda navo mu.10th Sabotage Unit vaive mamercenaries zvakajeka, uye mushure mekupera kwehondo dzeBalkan vakashandira maFrench.
Kunze kwezvapupu izvi zvisina musoro, vachuchisi nevatongi vakakwanisa kusapinda mudare rekodhi chokwadi chekuti Erdemovic unit yakaenda kuBranjevo Farm yakaita izvi panguva yezororo remazuva gumi, kwete panguva dzenguva dzebasa. Erdemovic pachake haana kumbotaura chokwadi ichi. Vakabudirirawo kuviga chokwadi chekuti, maererano nekubvunzurudzwa kwekutanga naErdemovic, akataura kuti vamwe vake vakagamuchira mari yakawanda yegoridhe, pamwe makirogiramu gumi nemaviri, kune rumwe rudzi rwebasa rakaitwa. Muripo uyu, unoratidza basa remamercenary, uye kwete kubhadharwa neuto reBosnia Serb, haana kumbobvunzurudzwa nevachuchisi kana vatongi mune chero kutongwa kwakapinda Erdemovic, uye akangosimudzwa naMilosevic, uyo, sezvakataurwa, akaganhurirwa zvine utsinye mukubvunza kwake nemutongi Richard May. Chokwadi icho nhengo dzeboka rinouraya dzakanga dziri pazororo pana July 16, 1995, uye zvakawanwa gare gare a French secret service connection ye Pelemis nevamwe vake vanoverengeka, uye kutorwa kwakatevera kwe masoja kubva ku10th Sabotage Unit yekushandira mercenary mukati
Kudzivirirwa kwe Erdemovic uye yakakurumbira ICTY-NATO kubudirira mukuita kuti uchapupu hwake hunonetsa hugamuchirwe sechokwadi mumiedzo mishanu yakasiyana yeSerbs ine chikwereti chikuru kune vezvenhau, iyo muUnited States neBritain haina kubvunza mibvunzo uye yakamedza mutsara webato (nokuda kwe nyaya, ona Edward S. Herman naDavid Peterson, โMarlise Simons paYugoslavia Tribunal: A Study in Total Propaganda Service,โ ZNet, 2004). Izvi hazvina kungoshanda kune vezvenhau chete asi kune vanonzi vakasara uye vanopokana midhiya, ine chete
Germinal Civikov anonongedza kuti kuuraya vanhu chiuru nemazana maviri mumaawa mashanu, gumi pabatch, sezvakataurwa naErdemovic, zvinobvumidza pasi pemaminitsi matatu pachikwata chimwe nechimwe, kusanganisira kuvaburitsa mumabhazi, kuenda navo kunzvimbo yekupfura, kuvapfura, kuita. chokwadi che ivo vakafa uye vachiraswa miviri. Paivewo nezvinonzi interludes of kunwa, kupopotedzana, uye kukakavara. Sei vachuchisi, vatongi nevezvenhau vasina kumbotaura nezvenyaya iyi yenguva? Nei muchuchisi dzimwe nguva aitaura nezveโmazanaโ chete akaurayiwa papurazi reBranjevo? Zvingava zvine chokuita here nokuti mitumbi isingasviki 200 yakatorwa panzvimbo yacho, uye hapana mifananidzo yemudenga yakambobudiswa yairatidza kubviswa kwemutumbi kana kuvigwazve? Civikov inoti, "Saka chimwe chinhu chiri pakati pe100 ne900? Uku kushaikwa kwezivo, sezvineiwo, hakusati kuchizodzivisa vatongi, mwedzi inoverengeka gare gare, kuisa chiverengero che1,200 XNUMX murutongeso rwavo pashure pokurangarira zvoseโkurangarira pasina ufakazi hupi nohupi, panguva iyeyo kana kuti zvino, kunze kwokutaura kwomupomerwi amene.โ Zvekare, sei vasina kufonera mumwe mupari wemhosva kuti vataure nezvenhamba?
Mumwe angada kuziva zvakataurwa nevachuchisi nevatongi veICTY kuseri kwezviitiko mukutarisana nenhamba dzeErdemovic, mitsara yechiremera, basa, nhema uye kupokana. Pamwe veICTY mukati vakakurukura nezvazvo, asi ivo nevezvenhau vakatamba mbeveve. A Wikileaks yaive, uye ichiripo nanhasi, yaidiwa zvakanyanya kubata neErdemovic/ICTY travesty-uye kutaura zvazviri, Wikileaks paICTY yaizokanganisa kutongwa kweKaradzic uye kutsvaga Mladic. Ndizvo zvichaitawo Civikov Srebrenica: The Star Chapupu kana ikawana kuratidzwa kwainokodzera.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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