Zvave zvichirwadza, kunyange kana pasina ari kuteerera.
Mwedzi mitatu yekurwa muSudan pakati pemauto neboka remauto rinonzi Rapid Support Force (RSF) yasiya vanhu vanosvika zviuru zvitatu vafa uye vakakuvadza vangangosvika zviuru zvitanhatu. Over vanhu mamiriyoni maviri vakadzingwa munyika, mumwe 700,000 vakatizira kunyika dziri pedyo. Sekureva kweWorld Health Organisation, zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvezvivakwa zvehutano muKhartoum, guta guru, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekurwa dzave kupera basa, saka huwandu hwevakafa nevakakuvara hunofungidzirwa kuve. kure kumusoro kupfuura zvakanyorwa, uye mitumbi yave ichiora kwemazuva mumigwagwa yeguta guru, pamwe chete nomumataundi nemisha yenharaunda yeDarfur.
Vanenge vese vekune dzimwe nyika, kusanganisira madiplomate uye vashandi ve embassy, โโvaenda kare uye saka, maererano neAl Jazeera, mazana kana zviuru zvevaSudan vaive nemavhiza akamirira vakazviwana vavharirwa mumoto pamwe nemapasipoti avo akavharirwa mukati mevamiriri vagara vasiiwa. Munharaunda yeDarfur, maererano ne vatungamiriri vemarudzi vasiri maArabu, veRSF nemauto echiArabu emuno vanga vachiuraya vanhu vakawanda, kubata vakadzi nevasikana chibharo, kupamba nekupisa misha nezvipatara. Pakutanga mwedzi uno, mukuru weUnited Nations anobatsira vanhu Martin Griffiths Akaudzwa The Associated Press, "Dai ndaiva muSudan, ndaizoona zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti iyi haisi hondo yevagari vemo ... yemhando ine hutsinye."
Maererano neUnited Nations, hafu yevanhu venyika, rekodhi vanhu mamiriyoni 25, iye zvino ari kuda rubatsiro rwevanhu. Uye zvakatoipisisa zvikuru, hafu yaavo vana, vazhinji vavo vakanga vachishayiwa zvikuru kunyange iyi hondo isati yatanga. Nenzira inosuruvarisa, kudziya kwepasi kuchawedzera bedzi nhamo yavo. Pakati penyika zana nemakumi masere neshanu dzakaiswa neNotre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative, Sudan inoonekwa seyo yechitanhatu inonyanya kubatwa kukuvadza kubva mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Mafungu ekupisa, kusanaya kwemvura, uye mafashamo zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvicharamba zvichiwanda uye zvakanyanya sezvo mhepo iri pamusoro peSudan ichiwedzera kudziya. Iyi hondo yezhizha nemamiriro ekunze zvave zvichisangana nenzira dzinouraya dzinokatyamadza. Nedenga risina makore, mvura nemagetsi masevhisi zvakanyanya akagogodza, uye tembiricha yezuva nezuva yakakwira muguta guru munguva pfupi yapfuura kubva 109 ยฐ kusvika 111 ยฐ Fahrenheit, nhamo iri kungowedzera. Munguvayi, munharaunda yeDarfur uye mhiri kwomuganhu kumabvazuva kweChad, mwaka wemvura zhinji wemvura zhinji wava kuda kutanga. Mutungamiriri wenyika weConcern Worldwide muChad anoti izvozvo vapoteri veSudan vakawanda muzvikamu zvishanu zvemirioni ikoko โvari kugara mumatende echinguvana akagadzirwa netsvimbo uye chero chinhu chavanogona kuwana, izvo zvinoreva kuti havana kudzivirirwa pakunaya kwemvura zhinji. Mamiriro acho ane njodzi. "
Kusawirirana uku hakuzoonekwe paTerevhizheni
Pakati pevapoteri vakabva muiyi hondo pane vamwe vehama dzedu timene navatezvara, rutivi rwemhuri yakakura yokuIndia neSudan avo vakagara muKhartoum upenyu hwavo hwose. Muna Chivabvu, vakatiza mhirizhonga yairamba ichikura, vamwe nenjodzi, inosimudza bvudzi rwendo rwemamaira mazana mashanu vachiyambuka Nubian Desert kuenda kuPort Sudan. Ikoko, vakabata ngarava mhiri kweGungwa Dzvuku kuenda kuJeddah, Saudi Arabia. Chinangwa chavo, sezvavakatizivisa muna Chikumi kuburikidza nemameseji ezwi, yaive Egypt - kusvika zvino, nzvimbo yakajairika yevapoteri veSudan mumwedzi mitatu yapfuura. Uye rangarira iwe, vapererwa nezano rose, hama dzedu dziri mumugariro une ngozi zvikuru kupfuura vanhu vari kutiza nharaunda yeDarfur nokuda kweChad. Zvakadaro, vari kusiya hupenyu hwakavakwa kwemakumi emakore, vasingazive kana vachizokwanisa kudzokera kuKhartoum.
Uye pano - kwatiri - ichokwadi chinoshungurudza. Takafanirwa kutsvaga kwakawanda kuti tiwane ruzivo rwakakosha munhau dzeUS nezve kurwira muSudan, kunyangwe dambudziko revapoteri varo - kunyangwe nguva pfupi yadarika pakave nemishumo yakasimba pa. KZT and in the Washington Post. Zvakadaro, mutsauko nemwedzi gumi nematanhatu yekusafema, zuva nezuva, yepamusoro-ye-awa yekutaura nezvehondo yeUkraine uye mamirioni avanhu akatamiswa anga achirova zvechokwadi.
Pane musiyano mukuru zvakare pakati pemhinduro dzeWashington kune imwe neimwe yehondo idzodzo. Kurwa kusati kwatanga muSudan, nyika yaive nevanhu vangangosvika 30% vashoma vanogara vachida rubatsiro rwevanhu kupfuura Ukraine. Iye zvino, ine inenge 50% kupfuura Ukraine. Tichipihwa izvo zvinodiwa, rubatsiro rweUS rwevanhu kuSudan muFiscal Year 2023 ($ Miriyoni 536) yakanga isiri iyo yose yakashata kana ichienzaniswa nerubatsiro rwekubatsira vanhu kuenda kuUkraine ($ Miriyoni 605) - kwete, zvirinani, kusvikira wawedzera mu $ 49 bhiriyoni murubatsiro rwemauto Washington yanga ichitumira kuKyiv - 80 nguva yerubatsiro rwevanhu, iyo ichangobva zvakawedzerwa zvakanyanya anti-humanitarian cluster mabhomba. Mugore rapfuura, nemamwe mazwi, Ukraine yakawana 13% yerubatsiro rwevanhu kupfuura Sudan asi 93 nguva rubatsiro rwakakwana kana uchiverenga rubatsiro rwehondo.
Uye US haisi yega. Nyika yese iri kusarira zvakashata mumhinduro yayo kunjodzi yerubatsiro muSudan. William Carter weNorwegian Refugee Council nguva pfupi yadarika akachema, โHandisati ndamboiona ichirapwa nekukurumidza. Hakusi kusaziva; inyaya yekusakendenga. Sezvinobvumwa, migariro muSudan neChad inoita kuti kugoverwa kweyamuro kuve kwakaoma zvino, asi masimba okuMadokero, Carter akaonesa, kuti haatongodi โkupinza mitsipa yawo.โ
Sidelining Civilians, Coddling Generals
Washington yakabatsira Ukraine zvakanyanya kubva pakatanga hondo ikoko. Kusiyana neizvi, zviito zvayo mumwedzi inotungamira kuhondo yeSudan yazvino yaisangoshanda asi inogona kunge yakatoita kuti hondo iwedzere.
Mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu: Makore mana apfuura, kumukirana kwakakurumbira kupidigura Mutungamiri wenyika, VaOmar al-Bashir. A Sovereignty Council yakaumbwa kuti itaurirane nezveshanduko kune demokrasi. Susan Page, akashanda semumiriri wekutanga weUS kuRepublic of South Sudan Yakanyorwa kuti kudomwa kwekanzuru seโhurumende inotungamirirwa nevagari vemoโ kwaingogara kuri kweshizha remuonde, tichifunga kuti nhengo dzaro dzaisanganisira vakuru vakuru vemauto kupfuura vanhuwo zvavo. Shanduko iyi yakatotungamirwa nevakuru vemauto, kusanganisira varume vaviri vanoraira mauto akavharirwa muhondo, mukuru wemauto eSudan General Abdel-Fattah Burhan naGeneral Mohamed Hamdan, anotungamira boka remauto reRSF.
Mushure memakore maviri ekuvhiringidza basa reChangamire Kanzuru, vaviri ava vasinganzwisisike vakabatana muna Gumiguru 2021. kubvuta masimba uye akatora hutongi hweSudan. Nhaurirano pamusoro peshanduko yedemocracy, yakarevererwa neUnited States, Great Britain, United Arab Emirates, neSaudi Arabia zvakaenderera mberi kweimwe mwedzi gumi nemasere, uku vakuru vemauto vakaenderera mberi nematombo. Sekureva kweDemocratic Senator Chris Coons weDelaware, vakuru vemauto vakatombotsikitsira vachibira, vachiratidza kuti kana vakasawana rutsigiro rwakakwana kubva kuMadokero, vaizogadzira hutsva. dambudziko rekutama muEurope nokudzinga mazana ezviuru zvevamwe vavo vokuSudan nokuvaendesa kuchamhembe. Zvakadaro, Kukadzi wapfuura, nenhaurirano dzemauto-dzevagari dzakadzika, Coons akaramba aine tariro, achinyora,
โVanhu veSudanโฆ Kunyangwe mukupondwa kunoramba kuchienderera mberi, chisimba chepabonde, uye kusungwa nehurumende, bato guru renyika yose rinotsigira democracy rave nemwedzi yakawanda richiramba richiratidzira mumigwagwa zvisina mhirizhonga. Kutsunga kwakaratidzwa nezviuru zvevanhu izvi sezvavanoisa upenyu hwavo mungozi vachirwisana nemauto anodzivirira ane zvombo zvikuru kunofanira kushanda sechiyeuchidzo pasi rose nezvokukosha kwakaita demokrasi zvechokwadi.โ
Coons akakurudzira hutongi hweBiden kuti huremekedze huremu hwayo kuseri kwebato re-pro-democracy, nezvirango zvaizorova vatungamiriri vemauto zvakanyanya vachidzivirira veruzhinji: "Chisungo chemazuva ano, chakakwana chezvirango kune vatungamiri vezvematongerwo enyika nemanetiweki avo," akanyora kudaro, "zvichakanganisa mafambiro emari emauto uye kubata kwavo masimba, zvichigadzira mukana wekusimudzira demokrasi yenyika." Sezvazviri pachena zvinorwadza, Biden haana kutora zano raCoons uye, mavhiki matanhatu gare gare, kupfura kwakatanga.
Mune chinyorwa chakabudiswa nguva pfupi mushure mekurwa, Edward Wong nevamwe vatatu vaaishanda navo New York Times Zvinonzi kuti vamwe vevanhu vakapinda munhaurirano vakavaudza "hutongi hweBiden, pane kupa masimba vatungamiriri vevanhu, vakaisa pamberi pekushanda nevakuru vaviri vanokwikwidzana," kunyangwe vatora masimba mukupidigura uku. Mumwe chipangamazano wehurumende wepamusoro akavimbisa Times kuti vamiriri vakuru veAmerica โvakaita chikanganiso chokunyengetedza vakuru vemauto, vachigamuchira zvavaida zvisina musoro, uye kuvabata savaiti vezvamatongerwe enyika vakasikwa. Izvi zvakadyisa kuchiva kwavo simba uye kunyepedzera kwavo kuva pamutemo.โ
"Chidimbu Chinokosha Chepuzzle"
Kushaikwa kwakanyanya kwekunetseka kwevanhu veSudan muUS nedzimwe nyika dzakapfuma kunosiyana zvakanyanya nekufarira kwezvematongerwo enyika muSudan kwemamwe masimba ematunhu. Mohammad Salami weInternational Institute for Global Strategic Analysis anoona kuti Washington's Persian Gulf allies vane zvirongwa zvikuru zveSudan, nekuda kweiyo yakakosha yeGungwa Dzvuku pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, hupfumi hwayo muzvicherwa, uye kugona kwayo kwekushanya nekugadzirwa kwekurima. (Hatingazviiti kushamisika kana vari kufunga nezvekuti kurima kwaro kungava, mune ramangwana, kukanganiswa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.) Achitarisa mberi, Salami anonyora kuti, โUnited Arab Emirates neSaudi Arabia vane nguva refu- zvirongwa zvenguva zveAfrica, uye neSudan senzira yavo yekuenda nayo. "
Kutozosvikira nyonganyonga ichangobva kuitika yatanga, Sudan yakanga yavewo suo revapoteri vanobva kuAsia, Middle East, uye mamwe mativi eAfrica. Kunyora asingasviki mavhiki matatu mugakava reSudan, munyori weMSNBC Nayyera Haq akacherechedza kuti vakawanda vevanhu vaitiza munyika panguva iyoyo vakanga vari vapoteri, vakatiza hondo dzakamboitika muSyria, Yemen, uye Myanmar, pakati pedzimwe nzvimbo. Sezvo vamiriri vekuMadokero nevashandi vemumiriri muKhartoum vakamhanyira kubuda (maungira eKabul neKandahar mazhizha maviri apfuura!), Haq akapedzisa,
"Sudan, yaimboonekwa senyika iri kure, ikozvino yave chikamu chakakosha munguva ino yemakwikwi makuru emasimba pakati pehupfumi hwenyika. Sezvo miganhu ichiramba ichidzika nekuda kwehunyanzvi uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, kumanikidzwa kutama kwakajairika: mamirioni anotiza kuchamhembe kubva kuLatin America kuenda kuUS, kubva kuSyria kuenda kuEurope, uye zvino kuyambuka East Africa. Asi nyika idzodzo dzine shungu dzekuchera oiri nezvicherwa muAfrica dzinokurumidza kuvhara, dzichingotarisa dzadzo sezvo Sudan ichiita mhirizhonga.โ
Sudan zvechokwadi yakapfuma mukati mineral resources iyo inotenderera arufabheti: aluminium, chromium, cobalt, simbi, manganese, nickel, zvisingawanzo pasi, sirivha, uye zingi. Zvese izvo zvakakosha kune renewable simba renyika uye maindasitiri emabhatiri. Asi sosi huru yehupfumi muSudan iri mumatura ayo egoridhe. Indasitiri yemigodhi yegoridhe inonyanya kuve yeRussia-Sudan mubatanidzwa dzimbahwe riri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwenyika. Hupfumi hwahunogadzirwa hauna kubatsira vanhu veSudan. Pamberi pemhirizhonga ichangoburwa, chokwadi, yaive ichiparadzaniswa nehurumende yemauto, hurumende yeRussia, uye hapana mumwe kunze kweiyo. mukurumbira wevarwi Yevgeny Prigozhin's Wagner Group, iyo yanga ichitarisira mubatanidzwa wekuchera goridhe nekugadzirisa mabasa kubva muna 2017. Uye Wagner ari Wagner, ivo zvakare vatora divi muhondo yeSudan, sekureva kweUS Treasury Department, nekupa. pamusoro-kumhepo kune RSF paramilitary forces.
Vasingakodzeri Vanotambudzwa
Kushaikwa kwekutarisisa kwakabhadharwa kune vanhuwo zvavo vakawirwa nemhirizhonga muSudan zvichienzaniswa nevagari vekuUkraine kunounza mundangariro musiyano uripo โvakakodzeraโ uye โvasina kukodzeraโ vanyajambwa yakatorwa naEdward Herman naNoam Chomsky mubhuku ravo ra1988 Kubvumira Kugadzira. Vakasiyanisa kuburitswa kwenhau kweruzhinji rwekupondwa kwa1984 kwemupristi wekuPoland, Jerzy Popieluszko, panguva yeCold War nekushaikwa kwakafanana pazvakasvika kune vanopfuura makumi maviri nevapirisita nevamwe vanhu vechitendero vakaurayiwa nehurumende nemapoka erufu mu. El Salvador neGuatemala mumakore iwayo., Akapondwa nevamiriri vehurumende yechiKomonisiti. Popieluszko aionekwa seakakodzera kutariswa munhau dzeAmerica panguva iyoyo, nepo vamwe vake vakaurayiwa nehurumende dzeCentral America dzakabatana neUS vaive vasina. Nenzira imwecheteyo, vachena vekuEurope vari kuurayiwa, kukuvadzwa, kana kushaiswa pekugara nemauto eRussia vabatwa vanokodzera kutariswa nenhau, nepo veSudan vakatarisana nedambudziko rakafanana.
Kutaura chokwadi, zvakapfuura kurwisana kunotyisa iyo yakabata dunhu reDarfur reSudan kubva muna 2003 kusvika 2008 akaita gamuchira kuvharwa kwakakosha muWestern media nekuda kwekusangana kwezvisina kujairika mamiriro ezvinhu. Mukuru pakati pavo akanga ari mukuru nzeve yakagamuchira kubva kune vakakurumbira venguva iyoyo, kusanganisira Angelina Jolie, George Clooney, Lady Gaga, uye Mia Farrow. Kukwidza kwenhau kweSudan kwemakore gumi nemashanu apfuura kwaive, zvakadaro, zvisinei kumitemo yenyika yedu. Nhasi, vakakurumbira vakadaro uye vezvenhau vanoita sevakabatwa nemhando ye tsitsi kuneta.
Ehe, sevanhu vazhinji vekuAmerica, isu takanga tisina hanya nezviri kuitika muSudan kurwa kusati kwatanga - uye tisati taziva kuti hama dzedu dzaive munjodzi. Zvino, ndechipi chisarudzo chatinacho kunze kwokufambirana nezvichangobva kuitika?
Kwemavhiki akawanda, hama dzedu dzakanga dzisingazivi, dzichiedza kusvika kuEgypt. Vamwe vanga vatove muJeddah, Saudi Arabia, asi vakanamatira ipapo. Vamwe vakanga vasvika kuAddis Ababa, Ethiopia. Panguva iyoyo takanga tichionana uye vakabvuma kuti "vaive nani kupfuura vazhinji," zvichireva kuti vaive vasiri kuroverwa munzvimbo inouraya ye110 ยฐ isina mapasipoti, magetsi, kana mvura yemupombi, uye vaive vasina, sezvakawanda zvakadaro. VeSudan, vakavharirwa mumisasa yevapoteri yakashata.
Rimwe zuva chete, takazoziva kuti vakanga vasvika zvakanaka muEgypt. Kare muKhartoum vakamboshandisa chikoro chidiki, uye vari kutarisira kuti, kana vakakwanisa kushanda nehutungamiri hweCairo, kuti, sekutaura kwakaita mumwe wavo, โGore rinouya, Inshallah, tinogona kutanga chikoro chedu kuno, kana tichiri pano uye tichiri kutungamirirwa nehondo.โ Ramangwana ravo zvamazvirokwazvo rakasundwa nehondo kupinda mune remangwana rakaoma kufunga. Sokutaura kwakaita mumwe, "Hapana chinoratidzika kunge chiri kugadzikana muSudan chero nguva munguva pfupi."
Zvinosuruvarisa, kufungidzira kwavo kunoratidzika kunge kwakanyanyisa. Kubva munaApril, zvishoma 10 kumiswa kwehondo pakati pemauto nechipfeko ichocho chemauto chaparara zvakanyanya kana zvishoma ipapo. Pakati paChikunguru, vatungamiriri venyika nhanhatu dzakaganhurana neSudan vakasangana, mumashoko anokatyamadza eMutungamiri weEgypt, Abdel Fattah el-Sissi, kuti. formulate "hurongwa hwekuita hwekuita kuti vasvike pakugadzirisa dambudziko reSudan."
Hazvishamisi zvakadaro, kunyange zvakadaro, hapana chirongwa chakadaro chisati chabuda. Tichifunga zviwanikwa zvayo uye nzvimbo yayo yepakati, nyika dzakapfuma, dzakasimba dzese dzinoda chidimbu cheSudan, asi hapana chimwe chezvirongwa izvi chinosanganisira vakawirwa nehondo. Kuita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kuoma, muhondo iyi (sekune dzimwe ichauya), kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze kuchava "kuwedzeredza." Zvakatonyanya kuipa, chero nhepfenyuro yedu ikatadza kuona kurwisana kweSudan kana, zvinotonyanya kukosha, vanhu veSudan vakakodzera kutaurwa zvakanyanya, chokwadi chehondo irikuenderera mberi ichiramba ichirara kumwe kuseri kwedenga.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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