Hazvisi kazhinji kuti vanochengetedza lobbyists vanorova chigubhu chekuwedzera kutarisisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye mutemo. Asi ndizvo zvakaitika mwedzi uno apo iyo iri kure-kurudyi Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR), kuburikidza neruoko rwayo rwemutemo, yakamhan'ara muchidimbu mudare remubatanidzwa. Kudai kuti Dhipatimendi reHomeland Security rinoita ongororo yezvakatipoteredza inoongorora, yezvinhu zvese, mutemo wekupinda kwevanhu.
Mukuburitswa kwenhau, boka racho rakaisa kufunga kwaro: "Zviripachena, DHS inoda kwazvo kudzivirira basa risingagoneke rekutsanangura, zvakadzama, nei kuwedzera mamirioni evatorwa zvisiri pamutemo kuhuwandu hwedu kusingakuvadzi nharaunda, kana kuti nei kukuvadza kwainoita. chikonzero neimwe nzira 'chinokosha.'โ
Mafungiro akasvibira anogara akaomesesa emitemo yekubvakacha hachisi chinhu chitsva. Masangano eU.S. neEurope anopikisa vabvakure agara ashandisa kudiwa chaiko kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza sechikonzero chekuda kubatwa zvine utsinye kwevanobuda kunze kwenyika. Zvino, nekusanaya kwemvura, mafashamo, madutu, uye kumwe kuratidzwa kwekukanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuwedzera huwandu hwevanhu vari kutsvaga hutiziro kunze kwenyika dzekumba kwavo, vane kodzero dziri kure vari kuridza nhanho yavo yechisikigo kusundidzira hutsinye hukuru kune vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.
Dingindira rakatekeshera mumadenderedzwa akadai nderekuti, muAmerica yatozara nevanhu, mamiriyoni akawanda evatorwa vane ganda dema, vachifungidzirwa kuti vaparadza zvipenyu munyika dzavo muGlobal South, vave kuyambuka miganhu yedu nenhamba dzakakura. Ivo, saka kufunga kunoenda, kupamba nharaunda yenyika ino, zvakare - uye nzira chete yekuvamisa ndeye kushandisa dzimwe nzira dzechisimba. Vanyanyisi vari kutengesa nhema dzakadaro vari kusvika pakuzivikanwa mazuva ano se "ecofascists." Pamusoro pezvose, ivo vanosimbirira, United States inofanirwa kuchengetedza kutonga kwevachena pamusoro penyika "yedu" - munoziva, idzo nyika dzakabiwa nemadzitateguru edu kubva kuvanhu veNative avo vaiziva chaizvo kurarama mukuwirirana nemasikirwo.
Mukuita izvi, vachena vakadai sesupremacists, vasina kana pfungwa yekusekesa, vari kuramba vachitora mutauro wezvemamiriro ekunze kusundidzira hutsinye hwekupokana nevatorwa uye hurongwa hwakakura, husingatyire kure-kurudyi.
A Crueler Shade yeGreen
Mumakore mashoma apfuura, ecofascism yakapinda mukutenderera kwenhau kakati wandei, kunyanya zvine chekuita nekurwiswa kwevanhu vakawanda.
Payton Gendron ane makore gumi nemapfumbamwe, akapika mhosva kuponda 10 Vatema muchitoro cheBuffalo gore rapfuura, vakazvidaidza kuti i ecofascist. Mumanifesto yaakasiya, iye akanyora,
"Kwenguva yakareba takabvumira kuruboshwe kuti vabatanidze bato rezvemamiriro ekunze kuti vashande zvavanoda. Kuruboshwe kwakadzora nhaurirano dzese maererano nekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza panguva imwe cheteyo kutungamirira kuenderera mberi kwekuparadzwa kwenzvimbo yakasikwa pachayo kuburikidza nekutama kwevanhu vakawanda uye kusadzorwa kwemaguta. "
Urbanization, unoona, nekuti unoziva rudzi rwevanhu vanogara mumaguta. (Nyonya, kuchonya.)
Patrick Crusius, uyo akaurayiwa Vanhu makumi maviri nenhatu muEl Paso Walmart muna 23, vakasiya manifesto vachisimudza maalarm enhema nezve "kupambwa kweSpain." Iye akanyora: โMhoteredzo iri kuwedzera kuipa negore. Vazhinji venyu vakaoma musoro kuti muchinje mararamiro enyu. Saka danho rinotevera rine musoro kudzikisa huwandu hwevanhu muAmerica vachishandisa zviwanikwa. Kana tikakwanisa kubvisa vanhu vakakwana, saka mararamiro edu anogona kuve akasimba. โ
Varume vaviri ava vakakweva kurudziro kubva kuna Brenton Tarrant, muchena wepamusoro-soro uyo, pakutanga kwa2019, akauraya vanhu makumi mashanu nevaviri mumamosque maviri muChristchurch, New Zealand. Tarrant akanyora manifesto umo iye Wapikisa, "Vapambi ndivo vakawandisa pasirese ... Urayai vapambi, urayai kuwandisa uye nekuita izvi chengetedza nharaunda."
Florid rhetoric zvisinei, avo vaurayi vakawanda vakanga vasina kunyatsogadzikana kwezvisikwa pamusoro pepfungwa dzavo. Vanongoisa ruvara rwegirini paruvengo rwavo rwevanobva kune dzimwe nyika, nzira iri kuramba ichizivikanwa yekodzero yerusaruraganda. Philip Santoro, mukati kupopota kubhuku rewhite nationalist American Renaissance muna 2017, yakashongedzerwa pajasi rekutanga uye rakanyanya rancid regirini:
โMatongerwe enyika akasvibira eKuruboshwe, akabatanidzwa nokutsigira kutama kwevanhu vakawanda uye kushorwa kwesimba renyukireya, zvaizoreva ramangwana rokutsvikinyidzana, urombo, uye kutamiswa kwevachena. Kana Kuruboshwe kunobata shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, inoda 'kuponesa pasi' - asi sezviri pachena kune vacheche vemumwe munhu. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu kumaodzanyemba kwepasi rose pamwe nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye mafungiro akasununguka pamusoro pekutama ndiko kutyisidzira kwekunze kune budiriro yekuMadokero. "
PaGlobal Network on Extremism and Technology, Frederike Wegener Zvinonzi kuti, pasocial media, vanoita zvechisimba vanowedzera "kuvanza mazano echisarura uye echinativist kuseri kwekunetseka kwezvakatipoteredza kuti vakwezve muvechidiki uye vanorwira zvakatipoteredza," vachishandisa masirogani akadai "Rudo Chimiro, Uraya Vasiri Vachena" uye "Chengetedza nyuchi, Dyara Miti, Pfura Vapoteri. .โ Kugadzira pfungwa inokatyamadza yenjodzi yezvakatipoteredza, akanyora, inogona kukurudzira vagari vasina mhirizhonga, vanoziva mamiriro ekunze kuti vaite chikonzero chakajairika nevane mhirizhonga.
Kuendesa nyuchi nemiti sechivharo chemitemo yemapapiro ekurudyi kune nhoroondo yakareba muAmerica. Kukura kweiyo anti-immigration movement pamusoro pehafu yezana ramakore rapfuura kunyanya kunotendwa zvakanyanya kuna Michigan ophthalmologist anonzi John Tanton, uyo, saPaloma Quiroga. akanyora yeWellesley College's Environmental Synthesis uye Communications blog muna 2021, "yakaona kuwandisa kwevanhu uye kutama senjodzi kunharaunda uye kune ramangwana revachena America - maonero ari ecofascist zvakajeka. Mukuedza kwake kumisa kutama, akapedzisira agadzira network yakakura yakasununguka-yakabatana yemapoka anorwisa-immigration nevanomiririra, zvino vanonzi Tanton network.โ Kubva kuma1980s, network iyi yakakwanisa kukanganisa kuedza kwese kuvandudza mitemo yezvematongerwo enyika.
Nhasi, boka rakasimba kwazvo mumambure iFederation for American Immigration Reform, chipfeko chinomanikidza Dhipatimendi reHomeland Security pamusoro pezvinofungidzirwa kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwevanobva kune dzimwe nyika. Pane webhusaiti yayo, FAIR anogara pamusoro pehuipi hwekukura kwevanhu - uye naizvozvo zvinoreva chete kukura kwe "vamwe" vanhu:
"Parizvino, kune vanhu 326 miriyoni vanogara muUS, saka kubuda kwega ndiko kuchaita kuti vamwe vanhu mamirioni makumi manomwe nemasere vawedzere mukati memakore makumi mana chete ... pakati pevaAmerica uye kusimba kwezvakatipoteredza. Kutyisidzirwa kwekuwanda kwevanhu hakuzi kuhutano hwedu hwehupfumi, asiwo kuhupenyu huripo uye hweramangwana uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredzaโฆ
Kubatanidza anti-immigrant uye rusarura pfungwa kuburikidza nekukura kwehuwandu kusvika mukuparara kwezvakatipoteredza hachisi chinhu chitsva. Rusaruraganda rwevakavamba bato rekuchengetedza, kusanganisira John Muir naJohn James Audubon, vakapararira. yakakurukurwa mumakore achangopfuura. Mukupera kwema1990, Tanton, panguva iyoyo achiri nhengo yeSierra Club, kusundwa kuti sangano iroro rinoremekedzwa rezvakatipoteredza ritore chinzvimbo chakajeka chenativist. Chikumbiro ichocho chakavhoterwa pasi, asi chete nemuganho mudiki. Muna 2004, nhengo dzinopesana nekubva kune dzimwe nyika dzakaedza zvakare kutora kutonga kwesangano - uye zvakare vakakundikana. Mumakore achangopfuura, chokwadi, iyo Sierra Club ine nesimba ramba kushivirira kwayo kwekare manzwiro evaNativist mukati menhengo dzayo uye yasvika pakushingairira kutsigira kodzero dzevatorwa.
Ecofascist nharo dzinoshanda kwete sechikonzero chekushungurudza vatorwa, asi zvakare dziri kuiswa ne yakafara, mhirizhonga yakawanda yemapoka ari kure-kurudyi uye mafambiro kumativi ese eAtlantic. Zvemhoteredzo uye zvinopokana-maindasitiri mafoni ekuita chiito anga ari musimboti weanotungamira U.S. neo-Nazi. nzvimbo Zuva Nezuva Dutu, pamwe nemapoka akati wandei ari kure-kurudyi, kusanganisira The Base, neo-Nazi Atomwaffen Division (yakatangwazve seNational Socialist Order), uye iyo Pine Tree Gang. Mapato ezvematongerwo enyika ari kure-kurudyi muFrance, Austria, neGermany ane zvakafanana akavimbiswa kubatanidzwa kwe "ecological civilization" uye "ecocentric nativism."
Yakaenzana-Mukana Kudonha?
Mashandisirwo eecofascists egirinhi rhetoric, hongu, inopesana zvachose. Asi chinotyisa zvakare inzira iyo mafungiro akafanana akapinda mumapendero ekufamba kwezvakatipoteredza, mazhinji acho achiri kuzivikanwa kwete nekuruboshwe kwezvematongerwo enyika eAmerica, asi nekusaita mhirizhonga. Kunyange zvakadaro, munyika akazadzwa kusvika pamuromo nezvombo uye kuratidza chido chiri kukura chechisimba (iyo ecofascism muenzaniso unorwadza zvakadaro), kunyange avo vanonyatsokurudzira kusvibira kwepasi vane, zvinosuruvarisa zvakakwana, havana kuratidzwa zvachose kuti havakwanisi kushandisa maitiro akadaro.
Gumiguru apfuura, ndakasangana neizvi pachangu. Ini ndakapa hurukuro yepamhepo nezve basa rinogona kuita kugoverwa mukudzivirira kuparadzwa kwezvisikwa. Vateereri, kusanganisira nhengo dzemapoka akawanda ezvemhoteredzo eWest Coast, vakaratidzika kuva vanogamuchira zvikuru. Saka, ndakakatyamadzwa apo, nguva payakapera, mutarisiri akaputirwa nekutsaukira munharaunda isinganzwisisike. Kugadzirisa dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza, akaerekana ataura, zvingada kuti tifunge nezve "kukosha" kwe "authoritarianism," kana kunyanya, ye "green fascism, kana pamwe" green 'equitable' fascism." Sezvo chikamu chakange chatopinda mumaawa ekuwedzera, pakanga pasina mukana wekuti ndifunge, ndoda kukurukura, kuti pfungwa dzakadai dzingadai dzakapinda sei mubato regirinhi iro rakanga ragara rine rugare.
Radical mafambiro ekuwana yakasvibira, yakaenzana nzanga yanga iripo kubva pakusimuka kwemapoka akaita sePasi Chekutanga! muma1980. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvakadaro, mafambiro akaita sePasi Liberation Front vakurudzira kukuvadza kana kuparadza zvivakwa zvemaindasitiri sedanho rakakosha kuenda kunharaunda ine hutano hwakanyanya. Kwemakore gumi apfuura, the Deep Green Resistance sangano rakatoenda mberi, richisimbirira kuti chinangwa chokuparadza kwakadaro chinofanira kunge chiri kuparara zvachose kwenzanga yemaindasitiri. Kungodzokera kune pre-industrial budiriro, inodaro, ichapa nyika nzvimbo yekuporesa, apo ichigadzira mikana yekuti isu tive nekuzvitonga, nzanga dzakaenzana dzisingashandisi vamwe vedu, kana zvisikwa.
Mu 2011 bhuku Deep Green Resistance, vanyori vekufamba Lierre Keith, Aric McBay, uye Derrick Jensen zvakafanana vakakavadzana kuti hwaro hwemaindasitiri hwebudiriro hwaida kukoromorwa zvachose, munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Vaine chokwadi chokuti โruzhinji rwechiverengero chavagari vapasi haruzoiti chinhu kunze kwokunge vatungamirirwa, kunyengedzwa, kana kuti kumanikidzirwa,โ vakakurudzira kuti โavo vedu vanoitira hanya remangwana repasi vanofanira kuputsa gadziriro dzesimba romuindasitiri nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. โ Precipitous de-industrialization inodiwa, vakanyora kudaro, nekuti nguva shoma yasara yekudzivirira kuparara kwezvakatipoteredza zvakakwana kuita kuti nyika isararame kuvanhu. Naizvozvo, "kudonha nekukurumidza kwakanakira vanhu - kunyangwe paine kufa - nekuti vamwe vanhu vanopona." Izvi zvinhu zvinokatyamadza, kutaura zvishoma, uye zvakaitwa nemazvo kutsoropodza kunopera,
Parizvino, iyo yakadzika girini kuramba vanhu vakanamatira kutendeutsa uye kuronga, pane chero chero mhando yekuparadza chaiko kwenyika. Kurudyi rwezvematongerwo enyika, zvisinei, zviitiko zvekuparadza eco-infrastructure zviri kuwedzera. Kwegore rapfuura, semuenzaniso, kwave kune kurwiswa kwakanyanya magetsi emagetsi munyika yose nevanonyanyisa-bapiro rekurudyi, kwete vezvakatipoteredza. Murume nemukadzi akasungwa muna Kukadzi kuronga kubvisa zviteshi zvina zvemagetsi munzvimbo yeBaltimore zvakaratidza, hazvishamise, kukurudzira maonero eNeo-Nazi. Uye kurwiswa kwakabudirira pazviteshi zviviri zveNorth Carolina muna Zvita wapfuura zvaive zvakare yakabatana kuNeo-Nazism uye hukuru hwevachena. Mukupera kwa2022, Dhipatimendi reHomeland Security akanyeverwa kuti kwave nekuwedzera kukuru kwenhaurirano dzepamhepo pakati pezvinhu zviri kure-kurudyi zvakanangana nekurwisa gidhi remagetsi kuti rikonzere kudzimwa kwemagetsi munyika yose. Izvo, ivo vaitenda, zvinogona kutungamira mukupunzika kwehurumende uye nekudaro kugadzira mikana yekutorwa kwefascist. (Munyika inotova neTrumpublican Party, izvi zvinofanirwa kunge zvisingashamise, kunyangwe zvisinganyanyo shamisa.)
Hunter Walker, mutori wenhau we Talking Points Memo, munguva pfupi yapfuura akawana kopi yeimwe magazini yepamhepo yaikurudzira kurwiswa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi uye yakapa dzidziso kune vangave vanoparadza, vachizivisa, sekunge vaive magirini, "Iko kutenda kwedu kuti techno-industrial system inopa mhedzisiro uye nekukurumidza iripo kutyisidzira kune hupenyu hwese pasi.โ
Walker akakwanisa kutsvaga mumwe wevanyori vakamuudza kuti chinangwa chavo chaive chekukurudzira kwete kurudyi asi "mapoka echiuto evanarchist vakadzidza." Sekubvumwa kwakabvumwa nemunyori, zvakadaro, kurudyi kuri "kure ane zvombo" uye akagadzirira zvirinani kupfura ma transformer "kupfuura Kuruboshwe kana post-Kuruboshwe." Zvazvakadaro, munyori webhuku racho akawedzera, kana mubvunzo waive wekuti โndingabvuma rubatsiro kana โmubatanidzwaโ neboka ripi zvaro riri kure-kurudyi, ndaizeza kuramba. Ndoda kudzima mwenje ndozorwa navo murima rakati zii mushure.โ
Izvi zvinomutsa mubvunzo: Vanhu vane masimba masimba here kana mapoka ari kumativi akasiyana ezvematongerwo enyika angazosangana panzira dzechisimba dzakafanana?
Brian Tokar ari pafaculty uye bhodhi reInstitute for Social Ecology muPlainfield, Vermont, iyo asaita zvidzidzo zve ecofascism. Ndakamubvunza kuti kupindirana kwakadii kwaakaona iye nevamwe vake pakati pemhirizhonga, rusaruraganda, ecofascist mafambiro uye asina mhirizhonga, anopokana nerusaruraganda, anonyanyisa kufamba kwezvakatipoteredza. Tokar akapindura, "Ini handifunge kuti kune kuwanda kwakawanda, asi pane zvakakwana zvekuti zvinoshungurudza zvakanyanya."
"Izvi zvinodzokera," akadaro, "kuโฆ makumi masere apo Dave Foreman uye Edward Abbey [yePasi Kutanga! kufamba] vaitaura zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshungurudza, zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda zvinopokana nekubva kune dzimwe nyika - kunyanya Abbey, aive nezve kuchengetedza miganhu kune vanhu avo, akadaro, vaizoparadzira kusvibiswa. Kwaingove kwerusaruragandaโฆ asi pakanga painewo vanhu vazhinji vaipikisa kubva pakutanga. "
Tokar akaenderera mberi achiti, "Nekukurumidza kusvika nguva dzichangopfuura," uye vandaishanda navo vakanyora nyaya dzevanhu vakatanga vari kuruboshwe uye vakapinda mune ecological neo-fascist kana neo-Nazi anti-vatorwa vezvematongerwo enyika. Muchokwadi, zano re ecofascists, akawedzera, "rinoita senge kuti kana vakakwanisa kubvisa vanhu vashoma, kunyanya vanhu vane vanotevera, vanogona kuendesa nhaurirano kwairi."
Ramangwana Riri Mungozi
Ndinonzwa ndine chivimbo mukufanotaura kuti ecofascists haizokwanisa kutora simba nekubvisa gidhi remagetsi renyika. Kunyange zvakadaro, kupfurikidza nokukuchidzira kushatiswa kwekodzero dzevanhu, ruvengo rwedzinza, uye chisimba chinouraya, nhema dzavo dzine muchetura dzakaita kuti United States ive nzvimbo ine ngozi zvikuru yokugara dai usina kuberekwa uri muchena uye mukati memiganhu yayo. Nekubira shoko rekuvandudzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kurishandisa kutambudza vasina simba, vaigona, padikidiki, ita kuti zvinyanye kuomera nyika ino kuita zvakashinga mune ramangwana kana zvasvika padambudziko remamiriro ekunze uye kururamisira kwezvakatipoteredza. Ndosaka meseji yevakadaro ecofascists ichifanirwa kutsemurwa nemuromo chero kupi uye pese pavanoedza kuiparadzira.
Copyright 2023 Stan Cox
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