Muna May 30 sumo nokuti New York Times ine musoro unoti “The New Climate Law Is Working. Yakachena Energy Investments Ari Kuwedzera," mumwe wevakagadziri veInflation Reduction Act (IRA), Brian Deese, akanyora, "Mwedzi mipfumbamwe kubva mutemo iwoyo wakadzikwa muCongress, masangano akazvimirira akaungana kupfuura zvataitarisira kuti aite yakachena. simba, kuvaka mafekitori ebhatiri uye kugadzira humwe hunyanzvi hwekudzikisa kuburitswa kwegasi rinopisa. "
Pane dambudziko rimwe chete. Iwo matekinoroji haasi kuzodzikisa greenhouse gasi kubuda. Nzira chete yekudzikisa kuburitswa nekukurumidza kudzivirira njodzi yemamiriro ekunze ndeye danho panze kupiswa kwemafuta, gasi, uye marasha nemutemo, zvakananga uye nemaune. Kana, zvichipesana nezvose zvinonetsa, United States ikaita izvozvo, isu zvirokwazvo tichada mhepo- uye simba rezuva-kuisa, mabhatiri, uye matekinoroji matsva kutsiva kudzikira kwesimba kubva mumafuta ezvicherwa. Hapana chikonzero, zvisinei, kutarisira kuti muitiro waizoshanda mukudzokera shure; kuunganidza "simba-rakachena" chete hakuzokonzeri kudzikiswa kwakanyanya mukushandiswa kwemafuta efosi.
Ini ndinofunga vatungamiriri vepamusoro muWashington vari kushandisa zviroto zvegirini-energy pombi kutitsausa kubva pachokwadi chekuti vakakanda mapfumo pasi pakuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta eUS. Ivo vakapenga. Chibvumirano chemwedzi uno chebipartisan pamutengo wechikwereti chaisanganisira chibvumirano chaizorerutsira kubvumidzwa kwesimba remagetsi, kusanganisira mapaipi eoiri neegesi semupata unoparadza weMountain Valley. fossil-gasi pombi anodikanwa kumoyo weWest Virginia's Democratic senator Joe Manchin. Zvichakadaro, manejimendi eBiden aburitsa mitemo mitsva kubvumira zvicherwa zvemagetsi emarasha nefossil kuti zvirambe zvichishanda kana zvikabata kuburitsa kwadzo kabhoni dhaokisaidhi nekuzvipinza mumatsime emafuta ekare. Uye pasi peIRA, izvo zvidyarwa zvinotora hutsi zvinogashira mubatanidzwa wemamiriro ekunze, kunyangwe vakashandisa kabhoni dhiabhorosi inopombwa mumatsime ekare kusundira kunze oiri yakasara iyo yakanzvenga nzira dzakajairwa dzekuchera. Uye IRA haina kana kupedzisa rubatsiro rwemubatanidzwa kumakambani emafuta emafuta, ayo angadai akachengetedza kumwe pakati. $10 uye $50 bhiriyoni gore negore. Kutorwa pamwe chete, mitemo iyi inogona kuwedzera kushanda kwemagetsi emarasha negasi aripo zvakanyanya mune ramangwana.
Kukura kweGDP? . . . Ndine urombo, Izvo Hazviwanikwe muGreen
Bonanza yefossil-fuel yezana ramakore rechi20, pamwe nekuwedzera kwayo kusvika muzana rino remakore, yagonesa kuwedzera kwekukura kwehupfumi uko kunodarika chero chinhu chipi zvacho chakamboitwa nevanhu. Sezvineiwo, zvakapawo simba rerudzi rwedu kuti rikonzere kuparara kwezvakatipoteredza pamwero usina kumboitika. Zviitwa zvevanhu zvemaindasitiri uye zvekurima zvine chekuita nePasi iyo zvino inodarika, nekuputika 75 muzana, kukwanisa kwomusikirwo kuzvitsungirira pasina kukuvadzwa kusingaperi. Mune mamwe mazwi, isu tingada maPasi maviri kuti titsigire hupfumi hwenyika saizi iyi kwenguva refu - inodarika maviri, kana ikaramba ichikura.
Iyi inyaya yekare, isingatariswe kwenguva refu. Asi hapasisina. Izvo hukuru hwezvishandiso zvinodiwa zve "green" simba rekumhanyisa zviri kukwevera ruzhinji kutarisisa kune chinoshungurudza chiitiko chakakurukurwa muchikamu chemwedzi wapfuura che ".Munguva Chaiyo”: kukuvadzwa kusingagoneki kuchaitwa kuvanhu nePasi mukutsvaga zvicherwa zvinodiwa kuvaka magetsi matsva.
Huwandu husinganzwisisike hwe ores huchacherwa kugadzira mabhatiri anodiwa nemotokari dzemagetsi uye makuru makuru emagetsi magridi, uye kukuvadzwa uye kutambura kunozoguma, kwave kuri nyaya yevakawanda munguva pfupi yapfuura. headlines. Asi kana nyika dzikaramba dzichitsvaka gadziriro dzesimba idzva dzakakura zvakakwana kuti dzitsigire zvizere 100 muzana yebasa rezvemari rava kuitwa zvino neoiri, gasi, uye marasha, hadzisati dzichizokundikana bedzi kumisa kubudiswa kwegasi regreenhouse asi dzichakundikana kudzivisa kutyorwa kweimwe. kutsoropodza miganhu yemapuraneti, kusanganisira kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusvibiswa kwenitrogen nephosphorus, uye kuparara kwevhu. Takatoyambuka mitsetse mitsvuku iyoyo, uye takaramba tichienda. Hapana chinogona kukura nekusingaperi. Asi kungoedza chete kuchengetedza upfumi hukuru, hwakapfuma hwenyika huchikura kusvika mune remangwana refu kuchapwanya tarisiro dzipi nedzipi dzatingava nadzo nokuda kweramangwana iroro chairo.
Pamwoyo wekudaidzira kwemaindasitiri kuti hupfumi hwenyika hunogona kuwedzera pasina muganho ipfungwa ye "kukura kwegirinhi." Kufanana nengano economist inogona kuvhura, fungidziro yekukura kwegirinhi inotibvumira kutenda kuti zvisingabviri zvinogona kuitwa. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinoreva kuunza hupfumi hwakakura gore negore tichiburitsa matani mashoma emagasi egreenhouse, kuburitsa matani mashoma ezviwanikwa, uye kukonzera kushomeka kwekuparadzwa kwezvipenyu, kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu, uye kumwe kukuvadza kuPasi uye nevamwe vanhu.
Heino imwe emapepa akawanda ekutsvagisa kubva mumakore achangopfuura achiwana kuti kukura kwehupfumi hakuna kumbobvira kwaitwa munzvimbo dzakakura dzenzvimbo kwenguva yakareba pasina kukanganisa kwakakomba kwezvakatipoteredza. Vanyori vanoenderera mberi vachiona kuti "hapana mamiriro echokwadi" ekuchengetedza 2 muzana yekukura kwepagore pasina kuwedzeredza zviwanikwa uye kuburitsa gasi rinopisa, kunyangwe ne "kuwedzera kwakanyanya mukubudirira kwekushandisa zvinhu."
Kuti unzwe kushomeka kwehunyanzvi hwekukura kwegirinhi, iyo iyo kunyange vezvematongerwo enyika vanogona kunzwisisa, farira izvi mupiro nasaenzi wezvemagariro evanhu Timothée Parrique kuParamende yeEuropean munguva pfupi yapfuura "Kupfuura Kukura” musangano. Zvakawanda zvakaitwa nenyaya yekuti mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, GDP yeEurope yakakura zvishoma nezvishoma pasina kuwedzera kuburitswa kwekabhoni. Izvi zvakurudzira giddy kuti "decarbonization" yekukura kwehupfumi iri kuitika. Asi kugadzira hupfumi hwakawanda nehuwandu hwakafanana hwehutsi hunochinja mamiriro ekunze hakuna kufanana nekuderedza kuburitswa.
Imwe yemasiraidhi aParrique pamusangano yakaratidza kuti mukati memakore makumi matatu apfuura, apo hupfumi hwakaungana pamusoro pePasi pasi apo carbon dioxide yakaungana mumhepo nemumakungwa, European Union yakawana. hapana kuderera kwakakosha muyero wecarbon dioxide emissions — kunze kwekubva muna 2008 kusvika 2014, iyo Great Recession makore. EU yakakwanisa kuderedza kuburitswa chete kana hupfumi hwavo haana kukura!
Masangano anofanirwa kusarudza: tinoda GDP iri kukura here kana ramangwana rinogoneka? Hatigoni kuva nezvose.
Ngatifungei nekuda kwekupokana kuti US inoita sarudzo chaiyo uye inodhonza kumashure mukati memiganhu yezvakatipoteredza. Kutanga, izvo zvingada kukurumidza kubvisa mafuta ezvicherwa uye kuvaka ine mwero svikiro resimba rinodzokororwa rinozongobhadhara zvishoma pakudzikira kwesimba rezvisaririra. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, hupfumi hwaizodzikira, uye hwaizoda kuramba huchidzikira kudzamara hudiki hwakakwana kumisa kudarika miganhu yezvakatipoteredza. Panguva iyoyo, tingadai takawana, mukupedzisira economist economist Herman Daly, a. hupfumi hwakasimba.
Iyo nguva yekuderera yaisazova yekuderera. Kudzokera shure kwekukura kunokonzerwa nekudzikisira kwemaune, kwakanyatsorongwa mukugoverwa kwesimba nezviwanikwa zvehupfumi zvinowanika kuhupfumi kungave nemhedzisiro yakasiyana zvachose nenhamo inokonzerwa nekuderera kwehupfumi - kana tikamisa mitemo inovimbisa kukwana kwezvinhu uye kuenzana munharaunda yese. Kureva, kana isu nechokwadi kuti munhu wose ane zvakakwana nepo ichidzivirira kugadzirwa kwakanyanya uye kushandiswa.
"Kuderedzwa Kwakarongwa, Kwakasarudzwa, uye Kwakaenzana"
Mwedzi wapfuura, The Economist akashandisa 1,400 mazwi kuzvidza iyo EU's Beyond Growth musangano uye kubata vayo vanopinda seyakaderera-inoda misanthropes. Zvichireva kuderera kweGDP munguva pfupi yapfuura mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope, The Economist akabvunza, "Nekuti chii chinonzi Europe, kana isiri nyika yekukura-shure?" Parrique akatora mubvunzo wavo wekutaura nepithy iyi mhinduro:
Muzvokwadi, kudzikira kunosiyana zvakanyanya kubva mukuderera. Kuderera kwehupfumi kuderera kweGDP, iyo inoitika netsaona, kazhinji ine zvisingadiwe zvemagariro mhedzisiro sekushaikwa kwemabasa, hurombo, uye urombo. Kuderera, kune rumwe rutivi, igadziriro yakarongwa, yakasarudzwa uye yakaenzana kuderedzwa kwemabasa ehupfumi. . . . Kubatanidza degrowth nekuderera nekuda kwekuti zviviri izvi zvinosanganisira kuderedzwa kweGDP hazvina musoro; zvingaita sekukakavara kuti kudimburwa uye kudya chinhu chimwe chete nekuti zvese zvinokonzeresa kuonda.
Musiyano uyu pakati pekudzikiswa kwemabasa ehupfumi anoitika panguva yekuderera uye izvo zvaizoitika mukuderera kwehupfumi wakakosha. Asi kuti uwane tsigiro yakakurumbira yekukura, zvimwe zvakawanda zvinodikanwa. Avo vedu vakakurira munharaunda dzeindasitiri takadzidziswa hupenyu hwedu hwese kuti kukura kweGDP kwakakosha kune hupenyu hwemunhu wese uye hupenyu hwehupenyu. Kutenda uku kwechinamato mukunaka kwekukura kunoenderera mberi kunyangwe zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaburitswa mumakore makumi matatu apfuura. kuratidza kuti kana zvidikanwi zvevanhu zvazadzikiswa, kuwedzera kukura kweGDP hakuwedzeri kugutsikana kwehupenyu.
Kusabatana uku pakati pekukura kwehupfumi hwenyika pamwe nehupenyu hwevagari vayo hazvishamisi kana tikatarisa kuUnited States, uko hupfumi hwakawanda hwakaburitswa mumakumi emakore achangopfuura hwakatorwa nekuunganidzwa nevashoma vashoma. Segore rapfuura, vakapfuma 1 muzana yakanga ine chikamu chimwe muzvitatu yehupfumi hwemhuri yese yenyika, nepo 50 muzana yedzimba dziri muhafu yepasi yehupfumi dzakabata chete 3 muzana. Dzakawanda dzedzimba idzodzo dzakanga dzisina upfumi zvachose, uye kukura hakuna zvakuri kuita kuvabatsira. Pahupfumi hutsva hwakagadzirwa kubva pakadzika kweGreat Recession muna 2009, vakapfuma gumi muzana vakaunganidza zvakapetwa makumi manomwe neshanu pamhuri pane avo vari pasi pe10 muzana. (In girafu iyi pawebhusaiti yeFederal Reserve, unotofanira kuchonya kuti uone chikamu chepasi che50 percent, mupingi.)
Kudzokorora zviri pamusoro apa muchidimbu: munyika yakapfuma, mari haigone kukutengera mufaro, asi kuva nemari yakawanda kunokubatsira kuwana zvakatowanda. Uye izvo zvinogara zvichikuvadza vanhu, ecosystem, uye ramangwana redu rakaungana.
Zvisinei nekuti kukura kwehupfumi kwakatipinza munjodzi yezvakatipoteredza, uye kunyangwe hafu yehuwandu hweUS isingagoverane zvine mutsindo muhupfumi hwainoburitsa, chero munhu waunobvunza acharatidza maonero akanaka ekukura kwehupfumi, uye vanhu vazhinji vanozodzokera shure. kunyangwe zano rakapfava rekuti nguva yasvika yekuderera. Kubatsira kubvisa pfungwa yakadzika midzi yekuti kukura kwakanaka uye kuderera kwakashata, nyanzvi yezvehupfumi Jason Hickel akakumbira apt analogy:
Tora mazwi ekuti colonization uye decolonization, semuenzaniso. Tinoziva kuti avo vakapinda muukoloni vakanzwa kuti chaive chinhu chakanaka. Kubva pamaonero avo-aive maonero akanyanya muEurope kweakawanda emakore 500 apfuura-kubvisa hukoloni saka kwaizoratidzika kunge kwakashata. Asi pfungwa yacho ndeyekupikisa maonero ane simba, nokuti maonero makuru haana kururama. Chokwadi, nhasi isu tinogona kubvumirana kuti chimiro ichi - chimiro chekupokana nekoloni - chakarurama uye chakakosha: tinomira tichipokana nekoloni uye tinotenda kuti nyika ingadai iri nani pasina iyo. Icho hachisi chiono chisina kunaka, asi chakanaka; imwe yakakodzera kutenderera. Saizvozvo, isu tinokwanisa uye tinofanirwa kushuvira hupfumi husina kukura sezvatinoshuvira nyika isina koloni.
Hickel, Parrique, nedzimwe nyanzvi dzedegrowth dzinosimbisa kuti inyika dzakapfuma dzinoda kuderera. Icho nyika dzakapfuma dziri kudana kuti “kukura,” iye anonyora kudaro, chaizvoizvo “muitiro wokuunganidzwa kwevakakwirira, kuchinjwa kwezvinhu zvakajairika, uye kugoverwa kwevashandi nezviwanikwa zvomusikirwo—muitiro unowanzova woukoloni.” Izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvehupfumi hwanhasi hunoda kudzikira, pamwe nekupambadza uye kugadzirwa kwakanyanyisa, kwete zvinhu zvakakosha nemasevhisi anogona kuve nehupenyu hwakanaka kune vese.
Chisungo chekudzikisa kugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye kuparara kwezvakatipoteredza kune nyika dzakapfuma, uye nehuwandu hwevanhu vakapfuma munyika yese. Parrique akaratidza imwe kwakajeka pamusangano unoratidza kuti hupfumi "hune budiriro isingagoneki," seyeUS, hunofanira kudzikira sei, nepo hupfumi husina hupfumi huchifanira kuvimbiswa nzira nemukana wekuvaka nekushandura.
Zvinangwa zvenharaunda iri kudzikira zvaisazongove mifananidzo yakadzokera kumashure yezvinangwa zvekukura. Mumwe aisazoona, semuenzaniso, degrowth shamwari kune Federal Reserve inotarisira kuderera kwe2 muzana pagore muGDP. Vavariro munharaunda iri kuderera, sezvingabvira, hungave hupenyu hwakanaka hwemunhu wese, mukati memiganhu inodiwa yezvakatipoteredza. Uye semakirasi ekuva nekudyara akaona kuwedzera kukuru kwehupfumi uye kushandiswa muzera rekukura, vaizosangana nekudzikira kwakanyanya muzera rekuderera. Hupfumi hunogona kuve hwakatsaurirwa kupa hupenyu hwakanaka kune vese, izvo zvinoreva kuvandudzwa kukuru kune inofungidzirwa 140 mamirioni varombo uye vane mari shoma muUS.
Nzira dzinoshanda zvikuru dzokuita sei kukura pasina mubvunzo dzaizosiyana munyika nenyika, sezvaizoita kusimba kwezvamatongerwe enyika kushora pfungwa chaiyo yokuderera. Bipartisan elite kuramba kwaizonyanya kusimba muUS, ndinotarisira, asi icho chingave chiri chikonzero chekusiya chidzidzo. Muchokwadi, chikonzero chakanaka chekuwedzera kurira.
Ndinoramba ndine chokwadi chokuti kupera kwemafuta ezvicherwa idanho diki asi rinodiwa nekukurumidza rinogona kutungamira kuderera uye pakupedzisira nzanga yakatsiga inogara mukati memiganhu yezvakatipoteredza. Izvo, pamwe chete nezvirambidzo zvinodikanwa zvezvakatipoteredza pakuvandudzwa kwesimba rinogoneka, zvaizotanga izvo zvingaonekwa nevakawanda sedambudziko renyika. Asi tinogona kuzviita a michero dambudziko, iro isu tose tinosungirwa kuwana nzira yedu pamwe chete kupinda mune itsva, yakaenzana, nzanga-yakavakirwa pakodzero isingagoneki yehupenyu hwakanaka uye miganhu isingagoneki pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye kushandiswa.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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