Musi wa29 Gumiguru, Saifullah Paracha ane makore makumi manomwe nemashanu, musungwa mukurusa weGuantánamo Bay, akazopedzisira ava musungwa. akasunungurwa nevakuru veUS uye akabhururuka kumba kumhuri yake muKarachi, Pakistan. Akange asungwa kweanoda kusvika makumi maviri emakore asina mhosva kana kutongwa. Ndege yake yakarova pasi munyika ichiri kuzungunuka kubva mumafashamo makuru egore rino ayo, muna Chikunguru, akanga afukidza zvisingaenzaniswi. chimwe muzvitatu yenyika iyoyo. Kunyangwe nharaunda yemhuri yake, iyo ine chitsitsinho cheDefence Housing Authority, yakanga yazadzwa nemhepo, sekunyora kwakaita mutori wenhau panguva iyoyo, "mvura ichipinda mudzimba. "
Mushure mekutsungirira makore gumi nemapfumbamwe ekutambura kwakakonzerwa nechisimba chakasimba cheimperialism panguva yeAmerica "Hondo Yepasi Pose paKutyisa," Paracha, pamwe nePakistan yese, zvino vachatambura kuburikidza nekuparara kwemamiriro ekunze kunoitwa neruoko rusingaoneki rwehupfumi. Chokwadi, kunyangwe nhengo dzemhuri yake dzaimumbundira kekutanga kubva pazuva rekufarisa muna 19 paakabatwa FBI inobaya kushanda muThailand, hurumende nemakambani muGlobal North vairodza mapanga avo, vachigadzirira kudzorera hutongi hwavo sezvavanoita pamusangano wegore negore weU.N. wemamiriro ekunze - uyu uri COP27 muSharm el Sheikh, Egypt.
Asi nhumwa dzakabva kumamiriro ekunze-dzisina njodzi, nyika dzisina mari dzakaita sePakistan neEgypt, pamwe nenhengo dzemamiriro ekunze-kururamisira mafambiro kubva pasirese, vaivepowo. Vaneta nekusaidzirwa, vaive vaine zvimwe zvavaironga.
Kubudirira uye Yese-Yakanyanya-inofanotaurwa Flop
PamaCOP apfuura, nhaurirano mukati mehoro dzainge dzakanangana nezvinozozivikanwa se "kuderedza mamiriro ekunze" - kureva, kuyedza kuchengetedza magasi egreenhouse kubva mumhepo - pamwe nekujairana nekukanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze, zvekare, zvazvino, uye ramangwana. . Kekutanga munhaurirano dziri pamutemo, COP27 yaizoratidzawo zvinodiwa nenyika dzine mari shoma, dzisina njodzi dzinoshuvira kuripwa nekuda kwekukanganisa kwavakaita, semafashama ePakistan, vakatotambura kana kuti vachatambura nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Mushure mezvose, kupisa kwepasirese kwemazuva ano kwakakonzerwa nemagasi egreenhouse akabudiswa mukati memazana maviri emakore apfuura, kunyanya nemasangano makuru emaindasitiri epasi rose kuNorth. Muchidimbu chenhaurirano idzodzo, muripo wemusvibisi unobhadhara unozivikanwa se "kurasikirwa nekukuvadzwa."
Pamusangano wezvemamiriro ekunze apfuura, "vane" vakaramba pfungwa chaiyo yevasina-vanoda kubhadharwa-uye-kukuvadzwa nezvikonzero zviviri zvikuru: chekutanga, vakada kusabvuma, kunyangwe zvisina kujeka, kuti ndivo vagadzira dambudziko rave kunetsa. nharaunda dzinonyura mhiri kweGlobal South, uye, chechipiri, vaive vasingafarire kuburitsa mari idzo dzaizodiwa.
Gore rino, zvakadaro, kufa kunokatyamadza uye kuparadzwa kwakaunzwa nekupusha kwePakistan uye munguva pfupi yapfuura yeNigeria yakamisa kufamba kwave kutowedzera kuisa kurasikirwa uye kukuvadzwa pachirongwa cheCOP kekutanga. Uye nekuda kwekumanikidza kusingadzoreki kubva kumamiriro ekunze-kururamisira, COP27 yakapera neUnited States, European Union, nedzimwe nyika dzakapfuma dzakabvumidza. chibvumirano "kumisa homwe yekupindura kurasikirwa nekukuvara." Achidzokorora pfungwa dzevazhinji, mutungamiri wezvemamiriro ekunze Jean Su tweeted kuti chibvumirano chaive "uchapupu hwekuunganidza kunoshamisa kwenyika dziri munjodzi neveruzhinji. Basa rakawanda richiri kuda kuitwa, asi dhamu rapwanyika.
Kufara kwakazotevera pakusikwa kwehomwe yekurasikirwa nekukuvadzwa kwaive kwakakodzera. Asi, sezvakataurwa naSu, kurwisana kuchiri kure nekupera. Mune a kururamisa kune nyaya yayo inotaura nezvechibvumirano ichocho, iyo Washington Post akajekesa kuti, kunyange zvazvo batter yakanga zvino yasanganiswa, keke racho rakanga risiri muchoto. Pepanhau racho rakaudza vaverengi kuti, “Chinyorwa chepakutanga chechinyorwa ichi chakataura zvisiri izvo kuti nyika dzakapfuma dzakabvuma kubhadhara mabhiriyoni emadhora muhomwe yekurasikirwa nekukuvadza. Kunyange vakabvumirana kugadzira homwe, kukura kwayo uye nzira dzekupa nayo mari hazvisati zvagadziriswa. " Iwo maviri asara kuti-yakawanda sei uye sei-ye-kuita-iyo mibvunzo chero chinhu chidiki. Mukukakavadzana kwekurasikirwa-uye-kukuvadza, kutaura zvazviri, ndidzo nyaya huru nyika dzanga dzichikakavadzana kwemakore akawanda pasina kugadziriswa kwechero rudzi.
Kana nyika ikaita mari yakakwana (kana isina kukwana) kubhadhara pakurasikirwa nekukuvara (uye icho chikuru if ), nyika dzisina njodzi dzinogona kupedzisira dzave nemutowo wekutanga kupora kubva kunjodzi dzemamiriro ekunze. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvakadaro, pane mubvunzo mudiki kuti, se mari yakawanda yekabhoni nemethane inoramba ichienda kumhepo yedu, chero zvingave zvichidiwa nevanhu vakakanganisika izvozvi, ingangove ingori ratidziro yerudzi rwemuripo wavachada mune ramangwana rakavimbiswa kuti rizere nehuwandu hunoramba huchiwedzera hwenjodzi sePakistan. mafashamo.
Uye chikonzero cheizvozvo hachina kuoma: COP27 negotiators zvatadza kuenderana kurasikirwa kwavo-uye-kukanganisa kubudirira nekufambira mberi kwakakosha pakugadzirisa kuburitsa gasi regreenhouse. Kuedza kusvika pachibvumirano chekubvisa izvo zvinonyanya kuburitswa - oiri, gasi, uye marasha - zvakadonha, sezvavakaita pamaCOPs apfuura. Chinhu bedzi icho vaikurukurirana vakakwanisa kuita chakanga chiri kudzokorora chitsidzo chegore rapfuura chinotsvedza chekutsvaga “chikamu chekudzika [kwete '-kunze'] chesimba [kwete 'zvose'] remarasha [kana 'marasha, gasi, neoiri'] risingadzivisiki. ”
Kune rumwe rutivi, masangano emagariro evanhu akakunda mukukakavadzana pamusoro pekurasikirwa uye kukanganisa. Kune rimwe divi, simba reimperiya rakaramba riripo muEgypt, sezvido zvemakambani uye hurumende dzinovashandira dzakawedzera rwendo rwavo rwemakore makumi maviri nemanomwe rwekukunda rwekuvharisa kuyedza kudzikisa hutsi pasi pamwero unodiwa nekukurumidza. Yeb Saño, akatungamira vamiriri veGreenpeace COP27, akaudza Phys.org, “Hazvitombovimbiki kuti vakanganwa zvese nezvehuni. Kwese kwese kwaunotarisa muSharm el Sheikh unogona kuona uye kunzwa pesvedzero yefossil mafuta indasitiri. Vakaratidza nhamba dzerekodhi kuyedza uye kudzoreredza chiitiko chemamiriro ekunze kubva pakupera kwemafuta emafuta. "
Nzira Yokubhadhara Sei?
The World Bank inofungidzirwa kuti mafashamo muPakistan akakonzera kudarika mabhiriyoni makumi matatu emadhora mukukuvara, nepo kugadzirisa uye kuvakazve kuchadhura imwe madhora mabhiriyoni gumi nematanhatu. Uye izvo, rinodaro bhanga, hazvitombosanganisi mari inozodiwa "kutsigira kuchinjika kwePakistan kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kusimba kwenyika kune ramangwana remamiriro ekunze." Mafashamo akakuvadza zvakakomba vanhu vanofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni 30, akadzinga mamiriyoni masere kubva mumisha yavo, uye akasiya vanopfuura 16 vafa. Maererano nemushumo weWorld Bank, “Kurasikirwa kwemari yemumba, midziyo, kukwira kwemitengo yezvekudya, uye kubuda kwezvirwere kuri kukanganisa mapoka ari munjodzi. Vakadzi vakarasikirwa zvikuru nemararamiro avo, kunyanya ayo ane chokuita nekurima nezvipfuyo.” Dambudziko racho inoratidzwa zvakasimba zvikonzero zvisingarambiki zvetsika nerubatsiro zvokumanikidza hurumende dzenyika dzakapfuma kubhadhara ruparadziko rwakaparirwa namakumi amakore adzo efossil-fuel.
KuPakistan kunyanya, maindasitiri eAmerica ane mari yakawanda ekugadzira hondo uye maindasitiri ezvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika anobatanidzwa muhudyu nenjodzi yepasi rose. Nepo mauto aya aine mhosva yakananga kunyima Paracha nevamwe vasingaverengeki rusununguko kana hupenyu hwavo, iyo greenhouse-gasi inoburitsa yavanoburitsa yakakonzerawo kurudzi rwekuparadza kwaakauya kumba paakazoburitswa. Uyezve, maindasitiri aya akaparadza matiririyoni emadhora ayo angadai akashandiswa kudzivirira, kugadzirisa, uye kubhadhara kuparara kwezvakatipoteredza.
Parizvino kudonha uku, Washington yakavimbisa $ Miriyoni 97 (ine “m”) muruyamuro rwemafashamo kuPakistan. Inonzwika semari yakawanda, asi inosvika kuchikamu chimwe chete chemazana mashanu chekufungidzira kwekurasikirwa nekuparara kweWorld Bank. Mukupesana kusiririsa, kubva 2002 kusvika 2010 chete, pakukwirira kweHondo yePasirose yeKutyisa, hurumende yeUS yakapa Pakistan rubatsiro. $ 13 bhiriyoni (ne“b”) murubatsiro rwemauto.
Kunzvenga mhosva uye kuderedza mitengo yadzo, nyika dzakapfuma dzanga dzichikurudzira nzira dzakasiyana dzekungobhadhara mari yekurasikirwa nekukuvadza kune vane mari shoma sezvavanofanira kuita. Pane kudaro, vangade kuita kuti hurumende dzakatarisana nenjodzi dzivape mari yavo yekuchinja-chinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kugadzirisa nekukwereta kumabhanga kuNorth. Chaizvoizvo, pane kuwana rubatsiro-ne-kudzoreredza mari zvakananga kubva Kumaodzanyemba, nyika dzakaita sePakistan dzaizosungirwa kubhadhara mubereko to mabhanga kuChamhembe.
Nekunetswa nemitoro yezvikwereti isingatsungirike pavari nguva nenguva, nyika dziri kuMaodzanyemba dziri kuti kwete nekuda kwechisungo chekuti dzinotopinda muchikwereti. Mukupindura, Maodzanyemba anga achirasa dzimwe pfungwa. Semuyenzaniso, kukurudzira mabhanga ebudiriro akaita seWorld Bank kana International Monetary Fund kuti asunungure nyika dzawirwa nenjodzi kubva pazvisungo zvadzo kuti dzibhadhare imwe chikamu chemari yavanenge vatove nechikwereti semubereko pazvikwereti zvekare voishandisa kutsigira kudzoreredza kwavo nekuvaka patsva. . Asi nyika dziri kuMaodzanyemba dziri kuti, “Hei, kwemakumi emakore, wakashandisa simba rako kutiisa chirango, chikwereti chisina kururama. Nezvese zvingaite, ndapota bvisa chikwereti ichocho, asi uchiri kubhadhara us nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwemamiriro ekunze uye kukuvara kwawakaita. "
Nyika dzakapfuma dzakatozeya zano rekutora chikamu chemari yavakange vatara yerubatsiro rwebudiriro voiisa muhomwe yepasi rose iyo inobhadhara kukuvadzwa kwenyika dziri kutambura nenjodzi dzemamiriro ekunze. Cherechedza kiyi kune "mhinduro" dzese dzakadaro: hapana mari yekuwedzera kune nyika dzakapfuma. Chibvumirano chinotapira sei! Zvinoita sekunge, mudzimba, hurumende yeUS yakatanga kuburitsa macheki madiki eSocial Security uye yakashandisa mari yayai“chengeta” nenzira iyoyo kubhadhara Medicare mabhenefiti.
Iyo COP27 nyowani yekurasikirwa-uye-kukuvadza homwe inofanirwa kurambidza mitambo yemakoko, uku ichidhonzawo mari yemamiriro ekunze kubva munzvimbo dzeimperialism, kuvharirwa chikwereti, uye chii Oxfam. kudana "ndiro yekupemha njodzi." Chinodiwa, inodaro Oxfam, sangano rakanangana nekupedza hurombo hwepasi rose, "inzira yakanaka uye yega yekutsigira mari - yakavakirwa pamusimboti wekuti avo vakakonzera zvakanyanya dambudziko remamiriro ekunze vanobhadhara kukuvadza kwazvinokonzeresa munyika dzisina mhosva uye hupfumi hwenyika." kurohwa kwakanyanya."
Yakawanda Sei uye Kupi Kuiwana?
Kana watarisana nenhamba dzinopera mu "-illion," sevanhu vekuAmerica panguva yemakakatanwa pamusoro pemabhiri ekushandisa kweCongress muna 2021 na2022, zviri nyore kuti maziso ako atarise uye kupotsa mirairo-ye-hukuru misiyano pakati pehuwandu hwakadai. Munyika yeAmerica umo bhajeti rePentagon chete riri kunanga $ 1 tiririyoni imwe nguva mumakore gumi aya, zviri nyore kukanganwa, semuenzaniso, kuti miriyoni yemadhora iwayo inongova miriyoni imwe chete yetiririyoni yavo. Mukupindura, mukukurukura nemari inokatyamadza inodiwa kubata nepasi redu ragara richipisa zvakanyanya uye huwandu huripo hwekubhadhara kurasikirwa nekukuvadzwa, isu zvino tichaisa zvese maererano nemabhiriyoni emadhora eU.S.
Nyika dzinobudisa mhepo yakawanda sedzedu dzakaita mamiriro ekunze. Muna June 2022 ripoti kubva kuboka reV-20, iro rinomiririra makumi mashanu neshanu epasi-pasi-pasi, hupfumi husina kusimba kwemamiriro ekunze, inofungidzira kuti, kubva muna 55 kusvika 2000, nhengo yavo yakarasikirwa nemadhora mazana mashanu nemakumi maviri nemashanu emadhora nekuda kwekukanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze. Uku kurova kukuru kune nyika dzakakura zvinoshamisa dzine zvigadzirwa zvepamba zvinosvika mabhiriyoni maviri nemazana mana emadhora. Asi muGlobal North, zvikwereti zvakadaro uye zvakatokura zvakanyanya, nepo zvinopfuura shanduko yehomwe, zvichiri nyore kutenga, sekureva kunoita bhajeti rePentagon.
NeOxfam's kuverenga, mazana emabhiriyoni emadhora anogona kuunganidzwa kuti abhadhare kurasikirwa-uye-kukuvadza kuburikidza nekubhadharisa mutero kubviswa kwemafuta emafuta, kutakura zvinhu kune dzimwe nyika, kufamba nendege nguva dzose, uye mamwe mabasa anonyanya kubudisa carbon. Kufambira mberi kwehupfumi mitero inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya: $3,600 bhiriyoni pagore, maererano ne iyo Climate Action Network (CAN), iyo inofungidzirawo kuti kugumisa rubatsiro rwehurumende kumakambani (chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chinoenda kumakambani anogadzira mafuta emafuta) kunogona kuita madhora bhiriyoni 1,800 pagore. Uyezve, kuderedzwa kwemari yemauto kunogona kusunungura $2,000 bhiriyoni pagore pasi rose. Iyo yekupedzisira inogona kunge yakanyanya kunyura kunangwa. Semuenzaniso, nekufungidzira kweCAN, chikamu chakanaka cheUnited States chekubhadhara chakakweretwa kuGlobal South yekudzikisa mamiriro ekunze uye kugadzirisa, ndinoiitawo kurasikirwa-uye-kukuvadza kutsiva, kwaizosvika pamadhora mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi matanhatu mumakore gumi anotevera. Uye iyo gumi yekubhadhara yemadhora zana nemakumi matanhatu ebhiri imwe neimwe inogona kuvharwa kana Pentagon ikangosiya kugadzirwa kweanodhura zvakanyanya jet fighter, the $1,700 bhiriyoni F-35, ndokuendesa mari yacho kukubatsira nezvemamiriro ekunze.
Iri ibasa rehurumende kushandisa mari hombe kana America yatarisana nenjodzi, pese panobva mari. Muna 2020-2021, Congress yakapfuura mari inodarika zviuru zvitatu zvemadhora ekuyamura Covid - inokwana kubhadhara tebhu yedu yemamiriro ekunze ekunze, sezvakafungidzirwa neCAN, 19 makore.
“Chikonzero Chedu Ndechimwe Chete”
Nguva pfupi Saifullah Paracha adzoka kuKarachi muna Gumiguru, imwe mhuri, muSharm el Sheikh makiromita 2,340 kubva kure, yakanga yatanga izvo mutori wenhau Jeff Shenker. akadana "basa rekusuwa uye ringangove rekusakendenga" kuponesa hupenyu hweumwe wavo: murwiri wekodzero dzevanhu weBritish-Egypt Alaa Abd el-Fattah, anogona kunge ari musungwa ane mukurumbira wezvematongerwo enyika muEgypt.
Abd el-Fattah, anga apedza makore gumi apfuura ari muhusungwa nekutaura achipokana nehutongi hweEgypt, anga achiramwa nzara kubva muna Kubvumbi. Mushure kumushanyira musi waNovember 18, mhuri yake yakashuma kuti akanga atyora kuramwa nzara “nekuda kwekuda kuramba ari mupenyu, asi aizotangazve kana pasina fambiro mberi yakaitwa maererano norusununguko rwake.” Hanzvadzi yake Sanaa Seif Akaudzwa vatori venhau mukati mehoro yemusangano yeCOP27,
“Haasi mutirongo nekuda kwechinyorwa cheFacebook chavakamupomera. Ari mujeri nekuti munhu anoita kuti vanhu vatende kuti nyika inogona kuva nzvimbo iri nani. Ndiye mumwe munhu ari kuedza kuita kuti nyika ive nzvimbo iri nani… Kune makumi ezviuru zvevasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika muEgypt. Kune zvakawanda pasi rose. Varatidziri vemamiriro ekunze vanosungwa, vanopambwa muLatin America. Isu tinotarisana nemhando imwe chete yekudzvinyirirwa, uye chikonzero chedu chimwe chete. "
Chii chinonzi Guantánamo Bay asi inzvimbo iyo humambo hweAmerica hwakadzidzira hunyanzvi hwahwo hwekupaza vanhu kwemakore makumi maviri pasina kuzvidavirira kumahombekombe kwechero nzira yekururamisira? Chii chinonzi U.N. mamiriro ekunze asi inzvimbo yekusangana iyo vepamusoro pasi rose vakachengetedza simba ravo kwemakore 20 uye kuverenga?
Kurarama semunhu"musungwa nokusingaperi” (se muchengeti anonzi Saifullah Paracha muna 2018) aive, akamboti, “sokuva mupenyu muguva rako umene.” Hondo dzisingaperi, vasungwa nokusingaperi, mhirizhonga yemamiriro ekunze nokusingaperi, umbavha nokusingaperi. Ndiyo nyika yatiri kurarama mairi, umo hurumende dzakaita sedzeUnited States neEgypt dzinokanda maMuslim asina mhosva saSaifullah Paracha uye vanopikisa democracy vakaita saAlaa Abd el-Fattah mujeri nekuda kwekumira munzira yezvido zvavo zvekusingaperi-kudzvinyirira.
Achitaura nezve kurwira kusunungura Abd el-Fattah, Shenker akati, "Mutsara ‘Hatisati Takurirwa’ yakava sirogani isiri yepamutemo yeCOP27, inoreva zita rebhuku raAbd el-Fattah rakaburitswa muna 2021, 'You Have Not yet Been Defeated.'” Kutsungirira uye ushingi hwevanhu vakaita saParacha, Abd el-Fattah, uye vanorwira kodzero dzemamiriro ekunze uye kodzero dzevanhu - vese vakapinda musangano kuSharm el Sheik nevamwe vasingaverengeki pasirese - vanoita kuti rimwe zuva zvibvire kudonhedza "Zvakadaro" nekungoti, "Hatina Kukundwa"?
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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