TIye Annapolis Musangano waNovember 27, 2007, wakaonekwa se "musangano werunyararo" wakadanwa kubatsira kuunza kugadzirisa kune runyararo kuhondo yeIsrael nePalestine. Asi uhu hunyengeri nehutsotsi. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti kumhanyira kweBush-Blair kuenda kuIraq nechisimba-kugara kwakaruramiswa pazvikonzero zvezvombo zveSaddam zvekuparadza kukuru uye kutyisidzira kwegore rehowa muNew York. Yakanga iri imwe yeaya eKafka-era makangaidzo: hondo yekudzivirira hondo ne preemptive action. Uye kutya kunonzi kwaBush pamusoro peIran ndekwekuti kuve neramangwana rechombo chenyukireya kwaizounza Hondo Yenyika III, nekudaro vachidaidzira danho-kureva, Hondo Yenyika III nhasi ... kudzivirira Hondo Yenyika III. Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu aya, uye nengoma yakatsiga yehondo yekurwisa Iran nehutongi hweBush, chero chiitiko chakarongeka chine chero chinongedzo kuIran chinofanirwa kuongororwa nemazvo, kunyangwe-kana kunyanya- painonyorwa musangano werunyararo.
Pfungwa iyi inosimbiswa nenyaya yekuti, kunyangwe uyu wanga uri musangano werunyararo waibata nekunetsana munharaunda yeIran, hapana Iran kana vadyidzani vayo veko — Hezbollah muLebanon neHamas kuWest Bank — vakakokwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvinzwike sekunge paive nekuedza nemaune kuunganidza nyika dzese dzekuMiddle East dzaive vatengi veUS uye vanobatana kuti vauye kumberi kwakafanana uye kune hutsinye kuIran nevabatsiri vayo. Musangano chaiwo worugare ungadai wakaedza kuwana wirirano pakati peidzi nyika dzose; musangano wehondo wakanga uchiedza kuwedzera misiyano uye kugadzirira hwaro hwehondo waizoita zvinhu nenzira yakaitwa naBush naRice.
Chokwadi chaive chinangwa chaizivikanwa nevakawanda chemusangano uyu kuunza pamwe chete nyika dzeArab dzaizopa rutsigiro, kana kupa pfungwa yerutsigiro, kukurwisa kwakarongwa kweUS kuIran. Aya "ane mwero" nyika dzeArab - izvo zvinonyanya kukosha zvinosanganisira hudzvanyiriri hutatu hweEgypt, Jorodhani, neSaudi Arabia - vanoteerera zvakanyanya kumanikidzwa kweUS, iyo yaifanira kushandiswa kune vamwe vavo nekuti "hapana kana chimwe chezvisungo zvakatemwa. neArab League kuti vatore chikamu zvakazadzikiswa” (Alain Gresh). Nokuita kuti vaenderane, “United States inogona kutarisira kuzadzisa chinangwa chayo chinokosha—chisina chokuita nevaPalestine—kuita kuti pave nenyika dzinonzi dzine mwero dzeArab, Israel, pachayo, uye vamwe vokuEurope (vane basa rinokosha reFrance), kurwisa 'kutyisidzira kweIran'. Martin Indyk, mumiriri wenguva yaClinton kuIsrael uye sahwira anozivikanwa weIsrael, anobvumirana naGresh, achiudza vateereri veBrookings Institution kuti "kuda kweIran kune hegemony… Iran," uye kuti kuita kutsva kwaBush murunyararo rweMiddle East "inyanzvi yekufamba kwechinangwa… kurwisa kutyisidzira kweIran muIraq, mudunhu." Kubvumirana naGresh naIndyk, zvakare, ndiKhaled Meshal, mutungamiri weHamas anogara kuDhamasiko, uyo achangobva kuudza musangano wevazivi veArab kuti musangano uyu waive wakavanzika we "mutambo wehunyanzvi" weUS, inova hondo kuIran.
Chimwe chikonzero chekuisa Annapolis se "musangano wehondo" ndechekuti inoenderana nehurongwa hweIsrael hwekupwanya Hamas, zvechiuto pamwe nekudzvinyirirwa kwehupfumi kuGaza (nzara, kunyimwa kurapwa, nezvimwewo). Musangano werunyararo waida kuyedza kugadzirisa zvematongerwo enyika nevaPalestine ungadai wakakoka Hamas, inomiririra vanopfuura makumi mashanu muzana eWest Bank-Gaza Palestinians, sezvo pasina nzira yekuti Mahmoud Abbas nehurumende yake diki vataurirane runyararo neIsrael. zvayo, zviri pamutemo kana nezvinhu zvine musoro. Olmert akadzokorora kutaura kuti hapana chinovaka chingaitwa pasina kudzura “zvivakwa zvemagandanga,” uye akaramba achityisidzira mauto akasimba pazvikonzero “zvekuchengetedza”. Musangano we "runyararo", umo nhaurirano dzemangwana dzichaenderana nekupera kwe "hugandanga" (Palestinian), inopa Olmert mhepo. Anosaina runyararo rwunozongotevera hondo yakabudirira kurwisa Hamas neGaza uye anowana mbiri yekuedza runyararo kunyangwe pasina chinangwa chidiki chekubvumirana nekugadzirisa runyararo. Iyi ndiyo nzira yekare, asi inoshanda kuMadokero, uye tinogona kutarisira kuti Abbas aende pamwe chete neizvi, sezvo achida mauto eIsrael kuti amupe kunyange kuonekwa kwekutonga pamusoro pePalestine.
Chikonzero chekupedzisira chekutsanangura Annapolis semusangano wehondo ndechekuti runyararo rwaizoda mvumo yeIsrael iyo isiri kuzouya, izvo zvinoita kuti musangano uyu uve jee — kunyangwe, sekutaura kunoita Uri Avnery, jee "risiri rinosetsa." Nyaya hombe uye simba rinokonzeresa mukurwisana uku kutorwa kweIsrael: Kutora kweIsrael kukuru kwevhu nemvura yePalestine kuWest Bank neEast Jerusalem, zvichityora chibvumirano cheFourth Geneva Convention, icho panguva ino chinoita kuti nyika yePalestine isagoneke. Israel yagara ichidzivisa chero "kugadzirisa kwekupedzisira." Mubvunzurudzo ine mukurumbira wakashata muna 2004, chipangamazano chaSharon Dov Weisglass akafara kuti, "Kubviswa [kubva kuGaza] ndeye formaldehyde. Inopa huwandu hwe formaldehyde hunodiwa saka hapazovi nehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika nevaPalestine" (Ari Shavit, "The Big Freeze," Haaretz, Oct. 8, 2004).
Israeri haadi “muitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika” chaiwoiwo ungada kuti irege kupi nokupi kwokugara kwayo, uye hapana dzvinyiriro ipi neipi pairi yokuita kudaro. Kusaenzana kwesimba pakati peIsrael neAbbas splinter inonzi inomiririra maPalestine yakakura kupfuura nakare kose, zvekuti hapana chinobatsira chinogona kuitika pasina kumanikidzwa kukuru kuIsrael kubva kuMadokero — kunyanya United States. Asi izvi hazvisi zvematongerwo enyika uye Bush akazvijekesa kuti, "United States haigoni kuisa maonero edu" paIsrael nePalestine. MuIraq anogona kuparadza nyika nechisimba kuti "aise chiono chedu," asi kana iri Israeri, anogamuchira mabhiriyoni eUS yakakura uye kuchengetedzwa kwemauto nemauto, anogona "kufambisa." Zviripachena, izvi zvinofarira bato rine simba, iro rinongoenderera mberi nerutsigiro rurefu rwekucheneswa kwemadzinza eIsrael.
The New York Times paIsrael-Palestine
Israel-Palestine inzvimbo umo fungidziro dzeNew York Times dziri pachena, zvichikonzera kuti mitemo yese yetsika iparare kune vapepeti. Kurwiswa kweIsrael muna 2006 paRebhanoni kwaive kutyora chaiko kweUN Charter. Kubhomba kwayo kwenzvimbo dzevagari vemo uye, mumazuva ekupedzisira ehondo, kuisa anopfuura miriyoni mabhomba esumbu akapararira kumaruwa eLebanon aive mhosva dzakakomba dzehondo, asi kwete kuvapepeti veTimes. Kugara kweIsrael kuWest Bank kutyora chibvumirano cheFourth Geneva Convention, icho chinorambidza zvachose "simba rekutora" kubva mukuunza vagari uye kudzinga avo vari kutora nzvimbo ("Vanhu vakachengetedzwa vari munzvimbo yakagarwa havazorambidzwe ... nekupedzisira kwese kana chikamu chenzvimbo yakagarwa,” Chisungo 47. “Simba Rokutorwa harizobudise kana kutamisa zvikamu zvevanhu varo voga munzvimbo yarigere,” Chisungo 49). The Times haina kumbobvira yataura izvi kana kushoropodza zvigadziro sekutyora mutemo, kana kurwisa Israeri nekukwenya mhino paInternational Court yekushora rusvingo rwerusaruraganda. Muchidimbu, vapepeti (uye vatori venhau zvakare) vakaisa mukati memaonero ekuti mutemo wenyika dzese unoshanda kune vamwe chete, kwete kuIsrael nemudziviriri wayo, "mutongi wenyika."
Pfungwa imwe cheteyo ine chokuita nokuparadza dzinza. Vapepeti veNew York Times uye mutori wenhau wavo Marlise Simons vakatsamwa zvikuru nekucheneswa kwemadzinza kwainzi kwakaitwa maSerbs munguva yehondo dzeBalkan, asi kucheneswa kukuru kwemadzinza kwakaitwa nemaCroats muOperation Storm uye neKosovo Albanians mushure mekutora kweNATO Kosovo muna Chikumi 1999. musavanetsa zvachose. Chinokosha chekugara kweIsrael kuWest Bank neEast Jerusalem, uye chikonzero chekuenderera mberi kunonoka mu "kugadzirisa kwekupedzisira," kwave kuri kucheneswa kwemadzinza kwevaPalestine vachifarira "vakasarudzwa" vanhu. Vapepeti nevatori venhau veThe New York Times havabvume chikonzero chaicho chekunonoka kugadzirisa; vanobvuma “kuchengetedzwa kwougandanga” sekiyi yokupambwa kukuru, misha yePalestine inopfuura 13,000 XNUMX nemiorivhi miriyoni yakaparadzwa, uye zviuru zvenzufu dzePalestine. Ivo havapi mhosva Israeri nekuda kwekugara kwenguva refu, hutsinye uye zvisiri pamutemo kuchenesa madzinza. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vapepeti/vatapi venhau havasi ivo vapikisi vemitemo yekucheneswa kwemadzinza, asi vanongopikisa kana zviri nyore mune zvematongerwo enyika, izvo zvinovaita vese vasina tsika uye vanyengeri.
Musangano weAnnapolis wakashevedzwa nehutungamiri hweBush mushure memakore manomwe ekugara kwakazara kune zvido zveIsrael, zvinosanganisira: tsigiro yekupinda nechisimba kweIsrael muRebhanoni, kuwedzera kwakasimba kwekugara kweIsrael kuWest Bank neEast Jerusalem, kubatwa nehasha kwe1.5. Mamiriyoni ePalestine muGaza strip, kugamuchirwa kwekuenderera mberi kwekuvaka rusvingo rwerusaruraganda mukati menzvimbo yePalestine, kuramba kubvuma kukunda kweHamas musarudzo kuWest Bank uye kurudziro yakanaka yehondo yevagari vePalestine nekusabatana, uye hapana kumanikidzwa kwekupedzisira. kugadzirisa kwaizotsanangura miganhu yenyika yePalestine. Musi waApril 14, 2004, mutsamba yakanyorerwa Sharon, Bush akatobvumira zvakajeka "zvitsva zvitsva pasi" sechimwe chinhu icho chero kugadziriswa kwekupedzisira kwaizofanira kugamuchira, nokudaro kupa mvumo yake kukuchenesa dzinza reIsrael, kuenderera mberi kutyorwa kweFourth Geneva. Kokorodzano, kusiiwa kwekutanga "Mepu yeMugwagwa," uye kukanganisa mukana wechero nyika ine revo yePalestine.
"Kufunga Kupfuura Annapolis" uye "Kutanga Kubva kuAnnapolis"
Aya ndiwo mazita evaviri New York Times vapepeti vemusangano weAnnapolis (Mbudzi 24 naNovember 28, 2007), izvo zvakakodzera kutarisa zvakanyanya kuti uone kusarura kwakarongwa kunotsigira kucheneswa kwemadzinza kwenguva refu. Ngatizviongororei, pamwe nezvimwe zvine chekuita neTimes nhau mishumo, iyo inogovera zvakanyanya kuumbwa uye zvivakwa zvezvinyorwa.
—“Mushure memakore matanhatu ekuregeredza nyaya iyi, Mutungamiri Bush neMunyori weHurumende Condoleeza Rice vanofanira kurumbidzwa nekuedza kwekupedzisira” (ed., 11-24). Chikamu chekutanga chinotaura kukanganisa kwechokwadi-Bush naRice havana kuregeredza nyaya yacho. Vakapa mepu yemugwagwa, iyo yakanga ine utera hwakakomba, asi vakabvumira Israeri kuifuratira uye, sezvambotaurwa, vakapa tsigiro yakasimba kuhondo yaIsraeri muLebanon, kuvaka madziro mukuputsa mutongo weICJ, kwakakurumidzisa nzvimbo dzokugara—izvo Bush akabvumira zvakajeka. muna Kubvumbi 2004-kufa nenzara kweGaza, uye zvimwe zviito zvakawanda kusimbisa kutonga kweIsrael kwenzvimbo yePalestine uye kuparadza maPalestine. Chikamu chechipiri chinoreva kuti kuedza uku kuedza kwakakomba kugadzirisa dambudziko rakaregeredzwa kwemakore matanhatu, iro rinofuratira vavariro chaidzo dzine musoro.
- "Zvinodiwa nemusangano kubudisa inzira yakarongeka yekukurukurirana, kugadzirisa nyaya dzose dzakakosha izvo vaIsraeri, Palestinians naVaBush vakaramba kusvika ikozvino" (11-24). Izvi zvinofuratira chokwadi chokuti kushaya simba kwevaPalestine uye zvido zvevaIsrael zvakagara zvichiita "nhaurirano" kure; inofuratira chokwadi chekuti nyaya huru ndeyekugarwa nekubiwa kwemidziyo yePalestine. Mashoko eIsrael Civil Administration anoratidza kuti zvikamu makumi mana kubva muzana zvenzvimbo dzekugara dzakavakwa panzvimbo yevaridzi vePalestine "vasingakwanise kuchengetedza izvo kazhinji pfuma yavo yega yakabirwa masikati machena nenyika inogara" (Gideon Levy, "Chii unoreva here paunoti 'kwete',” Haaretz, Mbudzi 40, 18). Imwe 2007 muzana, hongu, yaive nyika yePalestine, yakatorwa zvisiri pamutemo nemaIsrael. Uye inofuratira chokwadi chekuti maIsrael haambofa akabvumirana pane yakakosha nyaya pasina rudzi rwekumanikidzwa kukuru kwekunze kubva kuMadokero izvo vapepeti veTimes havana kumbobvira vabvuma kana kutsigira. Ichokwadi kuti inhema kuti "Palestinians" "vakaramba kubata" iyi nyaya inokosha.
— “VaAmerica hapana chavanga vachiwana pedyo nerubatsiro rwavanoda” (11-24)—zvichireva nyika dzechiArab dzinokweva tsoka dzadzo kupinda musangano. Asi maAmerika haadi chero rutsigiro kubva kunyika dzeArab kuti vaise kudzvanyirira kwaidiwa paIsrael — vaida kudzvanyirirwa mukati. Zvisinei, seizvo Uri Avnery anoonesa, “Bush haakwanisi kuita dzvinyiriro duku zvikuru—chinoitika chesarudzo [muUnited States] chatotanga, uye mapato makuru maviri ari nhare dzinomira munzira yokudzvinyirirwa kupi nokupi kwaIsraeri. MaJuda nemaEvangelistic lobbies, pamwe chete neveneo-cons, havazobvumiri izwi rimwe rekutsoropodza pamusoro peIsraeri kuti ritaurwe risina kurangwa” (“How to Get Out?,” Gush-Shalom.org, Mbudzi 17, 2007). Muchidimbu, tsigiro iripo yeUS isina magumo kune chero chinhu chinoitwa neIsrael, zvinoreva kuti zero kudzvanywa paIsrael kune chero chinhu chakakosha, pachayo inoita kuti musangano uve kure.
—“Hazvishamisi kuti kunyange vatungamiri veArab vane mwero havavimbi neunyanzvi hwaAmai Rice kana kuti kuda kwaVaBush kumanikidza vaIsraeri kuti vabvumirane” (11-24). Ichi chinyorwa chakanyorwa Bush asati aratidza kuti akange asina chinangwa chekutsikirira chero munhu, asi vapepeti havabvumi kuti Bush haana kukwanisa kumanikidza Israel achipihwa mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika eUS. Ziva zvakare kuti vapepeti vanotadza kutaura pano izvo "zvibvumirano" izvo maIsrael anogona kukumbirwa kuita. Muchinyorwa chaNovember 28 vapepeti vanotaura kuti vimbiso dziri pasi pe "mepu yemugwagwa" ya2003 yaisanganisira "kugumisa kugara kweIsrael." Asi muzvinyorwa izvi kana muzvinyorwa zvavo zvinoperekedza havataure nezveBush Kubvumbi 2004 kusiiwa kwemepu yemugwagwa uye kugamuchirwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara.
Gideon Levy anoti muHaaretz, “Pazvakaipa zvose zvevaIsraeri munzvimbo dzakatorwa—hutsinye, kuponda, kukomba, nzara, kudzimwa kwemagetsi, nzvimbo dzokuongorora uye kusungwa kwevanhu vakawanda—hapana chimwe chinopupurira vavariro dzavo chaidzo [kupfuura]. migariro…. Iye zvino tave manheru echimwe chiitiko cherunyararo, zvakadaro mukati megore rapfuura mamwe 3,525 dzimba nyowani dzekugara dzakavakwa munzvimbo, pasi pehurumende inotaura isingaperi nezve kupera kwekugara uye nyika mbiri…. Bhizinesi harina kumira kwechinguva. Hazvichamira izvozvi." Kuverenga chirevo ichi, unogona kunzwisisa kuti sei uyu mutori wenhau weIsrael weHaaretz asina kumbobvira anyorwa muNew York Times, kana kumwewo.
—“Asi vose vanosimbirira kuti vanoda kugadziriswa. Mahmoud Abbas, purezidhendi wePalestine, haana kusimba uye ari pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kubva kune varwi veHamas kuti vaite zvisungo zvakakomba pasina kutsigirwa kwavo, nepo Israel ichida kuziva kuti kana yakanyatso chibvumirano, ichagamuchirwa kubva kunotonhora. 11-24). Ziva kuti ndiAbbas anofanirwa kuita "kukanganisa kwakanyanya," asina kutaurwa asi angango chengetedza "chengetedzo" yeIsrael. Muzvinyorwa zvese zviri zviviri izwi rekuti "mhirizhonga" rinoshandiswa chete kureva maPalestine. Vane dambudziko guru rekushandisa izwi risinganzwisisike rakadaro kuzviito zveIsrael, kunyangwe mutori wenhau webepa James Bennet akataura makore akati wandei apfuura kuti kusvika yechipiri intifada (kureva, 2001 uye mushure) chiyero chePalestine kune vakawirwa nechisimba neIsrael yaive makumi maviri kusvika ku20. -uye kunyangwe iyo rekodhi ichibva yaratidza chiyero chinomhanya kubva ku1-3 kusvika kune ichangoburwa yakakwira nhamba ye1 kusvika ku37 (1 Palestinians kupesana ne150 maIsrael akaurayiwa, Chikunguru 4-November 17, 24). Uyezve, nyanzvi dzinoverengeka dzeIsrael dzakabvuma kuti mhirizhonga inopokana neIsrael inobuda mukusuwa kwevanhu vakadzvinyirirwa - aimbove mukuru weShin Beth Ami Ayalon akataura kuti vabhomba vakazviuraya, vanobva kune yechipiri intifada, vanoratidza "kupererwa nezano" yePalestine — uye yaizodzikira kana kunyangarika nekupera kwemhirizhonga yekutanga uye yakakura (anti-Palestinian). Asi vapepeti veTimes vakaisa mukati manyepo makuru ekuti mhirizhonga yePalestine yakakura kupfuura yeIsrael uye ndiyo honzeri ye "kutsiva" kweIsrael.
Mubvunzo mukuru ndewekuti Israeri ingambove "yakakomba nezvechibvumirano" chinomira, ndoda kudzoreredza, chirongwa chavo chekuchenesa madzinza. Gideon Levy anotaura kuti “chimwe chinhu chiduku chinoita sechakanganwika: Israeri yakasaina zvibvumirano zvakatevedzana zvokumisa misha, izvo yayaisamboda kuita. Pamakore 40 ebasa, mumakore matatu bedzi pakamiswa kuvaka pasinei zvapo nezvibvumirano zvose nezvipikirwa kuita kudaro. Hapana chikonzero chekutenda kuti Israel ichaita zvakasiyana panguva ino. "
—“Hamas, bato reIslam rakatora Gaza muna Chikumi apfuura kubva kumauto aVaAbbas eFatah, harina kuwana kukokwa. Ichiri kuramba kubvuma kodzero yaIsraeri yokuvapo. Musangano une pundutso, une runyoro rwevaenzi vechiArabu vane simba guru, ungakurudzira vatungamiri veHamas kuti vafungezve nezve kuvharisa kwavo, kana kuti vagari veGaza vafungezve nezvekutsigira kwavo Hamas” (11-24). Fatah, Israel, US, neNew York Times vakaramba kukudza zvakabuda musarudzo dzegutsaruzhinji dzePalestine dzakapa Hamas simba uye Hamas "yakatora Gaza" mukupikisa kuramba kwaFatah kukudza kodzero dzesarudzo dzeHamas. Hamas inoramba kubvuma Israeri senyika isingazobvumiri vapoteri vePalestine kuti vadzoke sezvinodiwa nemutemo wenyika dzakawanda uye inobata vasiri vaJudha sevagari vekirasi yechipiri; asi hapachina chikonzero chekutenda kuti Hamas yaisazoita bhizinesi nenyika yeIsrael. Yakakudza kumisa kurwa neIsrael kwemwedzi yakawanda, kunyangwe pakatarisana nekuenderera mberi kwemhirizhonga yeIsrael. Israel haicherechedze kodzero yeHamas yekuvepo kana kutora chigaro mushure mesarudzo dzegutsaruzhinji uye haisati yacherekedza kodzero dzePalestine kuti dzive nyika yavo yakavakirwa pamiganhu yeGreen Line. Chii chinonzi "kuvharisa" kweHamas? Kuhwina musarudzo uye kuramba kutendera vashoma vanofarirwa neIsraeri kutonga? Kuramba kugamuchira kugara kweIsrael kuri kutyora mutemo wepasirese?
—"Israel yakatama kuti itsigire VaAbbas pamberi peAnnapolis, ichisunungura vamwe vasungwa vekuPalestine, ichibvumidza kutumirwa kwezvombo nemarori ane zvombo kumauto aVa Abbas kuWest Bank uye zvakare ichivimbisa kumisa misha yemaJuda - matanho ese anogamuchirwa" ( 11-24 ). Cherekedza kukundikana kuri muchikamu chino chomupepeti wenhau zvakare kutsanangura uye kufungisisa pamusoro peidi rokuti zvipikirwa zviya zvapakuvamba zvokumisa misha zvakanga “zvisina kuchengetwa”; cherechedza kukundikana kutaura kuti vashomanana chete mazana evasungwa 10,000 vakasunungurwa, vanenge vose vakasungwa pasina chikonzero, uye kuti Israeri yakasunga maPalestine akawanda muna October kupfuura vakasunungurwa mukuratidza chido chakanaka (vamwe 600). Cherekedza kunyunyuta kwevapepeti pakupa Fatah zvombo uye kubatsira kudzika mhirizhonga mukati mePalestine uye kusafarira kwavo zvachose mukugadzirisa kwakataurirana pakati pePalestine.
Vapepeti havanawo kumbopindura mubvunzo wekuti sei Abbas asingafarirwe pakati pevaPalestine uye nei Hamas yawana zvematongerwo enyika paari. Zvikuru imhaka yekuti paakapinda pachigaro muna 2005 maIsrael (nemvumo yeUS yakanyarara) vaimubata se "huku yakadzurwa," kushandisa tsananguro yekuzvidza yaAriel Sharon, uye vakamubvumira kusaratidza kuvandudzwa chero mumamiriro ezvinhu ePalestine. Henry Siegman anotsanangura kubatwa kweIsrael kwaAbbas paakatora chigaro muna 2005, panguva iyo Condoleeza Rice naJames Wolfensohn, uyo aive mumiriri weQuartet (EU, UN, US, neRussia), vakaita chibvumirano chakadzama ne Hurumende yeIsrael kuti ibvise akawanda eanodarika mazana mashanu ekutarisa uye zvivharo mumigwagwa izvo "zvakaparadza hupfumi hwePalestine uye kushandura hupenyu hwePalestine, mune zvese zvayo, kuita hutsinye husingagumi" (Siegman, "Annapolis: Mutengo Wekutadza," New York Ongororo. yeMabhuku, Mbudzi 500, 21). Urongwa uhu hwaisanganisira kugadzirwa kwenzira yakachengeteka yaizobatanidza West Bank neGaza, "iyo Israeri yakanga yatozvipira kwairi muzvibvumirano zveOslo." Siegman anoti, "Pfungwa yese yechibvumirano ichi yaive yekuratidza maPalestine kuti kudzikisira kwaAbbas nekupikisa mhirizhonga kwaigona kuwana mhedzisiro." Asi, Siegman anoti, “zvakaratidza zvakasiyana. Sekureva kwaWolfensohn, Israel yakatyora chibvumirano ingi yemasaini evamiriri vayo isati yaoma. Uye maererano naWolfensohn, "Mumwedzi yakatevera, chikamu chose chechibvumirano chakabviswa." Hazvina maturo kutaura kuti New York Times haina kumbotaura nezvekuvandudzwa uku uye zvazvinoreva maererano nekwakabva mhirizhonga yePalestine uye zvikonzero zvekukwira kweHamas uye kuderera kweAbbas.
—“Kuti ive yechokwadi, musangano unofanirwa kutanga hurukuro dzakakomba, dzakadzama uye dzakasimba pamusoro pezvinhu zvakakosha: miganhu yenyika yePalestine, magumo evapoteri, remangwana reJerusarema uye vimbiso yekuchengetedzwa kwepamutemo kweIsrael” (11-24) ) Cherechedza kushayikwa kwakakwana kwekunetseka ne "kuchengetedzwa kwepamutemo kwePalestine," pfungwa inogona kunge isipo kune vapepeti, vasina kupa hanya uye vakaratidza kusagumbuka pamusoro pekukwira kwekushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri uye dambudziko rezvokurapa muGaza rakagadzirwa nekukomba kweIsrael. (Vapepeti veThe Times, hongu, havana kumbobvira vatora mashoko aimbova chipangamazano mukuru waSharon, Dov Weisglass, kuvatori venhau kuti anga asiri kufa nenzara maGazan, asi kungoita kuti vanzwe nzara-"Pfungwa ndeyekuisa maPalestine pakudya. , asi kuti varege kuvauraya nenzara.”
Ziva zvakare kushaikwa kwevapepeti veTimesi mukutaura nezvenyaya dzepakati, kunze kweiyo "vimbiso" yekuchengeteka kweIsrael. Zvinyorwa zvenhau zvebepa rinoratidzawo kukosha kwenyaya iyi- "chengetedzo, nyaya ichiri pakati pemisiyano yezvematongerwo enyika pakati pevaIsrael nePalestine" (Myers naErlanger, "Bush, muZuva rechitatu reHurukuro, Inosimudzira Runyararo Nhaurirano, ” Mbudzi 3, 29). Izvi zvinovhiringa nyaya yakashandiswa nemaIsrael kumisa kugadzirisa — kuchengetedzwa kweIsrael — nenyaya huru yemaPalestine nepasirese — kutorwa kwechisimba nekuyananisa kucheneswa kwemarudzi. Cherekedza kutadza kutaura kuti “hurukuro,” kunyangwe dzikatsigirwa, hapana kwadzinosvika pasina kumanikidzwa kune bato rine rekodhi refu uye kufarira kumisa kubvumidza humwe humbavha hwevhu/mvura.
Aluf Benn anonongedza muHaaretz kuti kuita hurukuro dzepamusoro uye kuita majekiseni kune maPalestine kunogadzira "zvakanyanya nyore mamiriro ezvekudyidzana" kuna Olmert neIsrael nekuti kuita kwakadaro "kwakakwana kubvisa kumanikidza kwenyika dzese kuti Israel ibve munzvimbo. uye kupedza basa racho.” Iyi pfungwa uye ongororo yehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika haigone kuwanikwa muNew York Times.
-“Mutungamiri Bush vachavhura musangano watinotarisira kuti uchave wekutaura-kare. Anofanira kuratidza kuti ane hurongwa hwakajeka hwepashure peAnnapolis uye kuda kwezvematongerwo enyika - kusati kwaonekwa - kuti arambe aine izvi mumwedzi yake gumi nemana yekupedzisira. Izvi hazvina musoro uye hazvina musoro pane zviri mu "zano" rinobatsira. Hurukuro yaBush yakasarudza kubva pakushandisa chero kumanikidza uye nekudaro kwakange kusina kukosha maererano nekuwana chero chinhu chinobatsira muPalestine, chimwe chinhu chaifungidzirwa. Kushushikana kwake kwaiva pakudiwa kwevaPalestine kuti "varatidze kuti nyika yePalestine ichagamuchira mutoro wayo uye inokwanisa kuva chitubu chekugadzikana nerunyararo-kuvagari vemo, vanhu veIsraeri, uye munharaunda yose. ” Iyo nyika yePalestine haisati yavapo uye vanhu vayo vakarohwa, vachiziya nenzara, uye vakatorerwa pfuma kwemakumi emakore, asi nyajambwa wavo haabvunzwe kuti “ave manyuko okudzikama norugare,” kunyange zvazvo vakawanda venyika vachiiona senzvimbo huru. yekusagadzikana uye hondo. Uye Bush anongobvunza mugari asiri pamutemo uye anomutorera "kugumisa kuwedzera kwekugara."
—“Nzira yakanaka yekufambira mberi ndeye kuti musangano uburitse gwaro rine zvarakatenderana uye hurongwa hwenhaurirano.” Asi izvi zvakagara zvichiitwa munguva yakapfuura, uye gwaro rekutanga rakagadzirwa nevamiriri veIsrael nePalestine pakati paMbudzi havana kana kubvumirana kuti raive "gwaro" kana "chirevo," uye harina kusanganisa MaPalestine ekubvisa macheki kana chipingamupinyi chekuparadzanisa, zororo rekukombwa kweGaza, kana kunyange chando pamigariro panguva yenhaurirano. VaIsrael vaisanganisira kudiwa kwekuzivikanwa kwenyika yeIsrael (senyika yechiJudha?) uye kushorwa uye kupera kwekutyisa (Amira Hass, "Palestinians: Chimiro chekupedzisira chinofanira kubvumirana mukati memwedzi misere," Haaretz, Nov. 22, 2007).
“Muhurukuro yavo yekutanga, Mutungamiri Bush vakavimbisa maIsrael nemaPalestine kuti 'America ichaita zvese zvatingagona kutsigira kutsvaga kwavo runyararo.' Tinovimba kuti anorevesa” ( 11-28 ). Izvi zvinotora manyepo kuti mativi ese ari maviri anoda runyararo pasina zvibodzwa zvakakura, senge kodzero nemukana wekutora imwe nyika yePalestine padivi pevaIsrael uye nekodzero yekuramba kubviswa kwakadaro kwevaPalestine. Sezvo murwiri werunyararo weIsrael Jeff Halper akadzokorora kutaura, nyika "inochinja" yePalestine, ine "nhaurirano" pamiganhu yakatambanudzwa nepakati, "yakanaka, sezvo ichipa mukana wekuisa miganhu nekuwedzera munzvimbo dzePalestine," uye Kugadziriswa kwekupedzisira kwakamiswa nekusingaperi ne "hugandanga…. Dai runyararo nechengetedzo yaive nyaya yechokwadi, Israel ingadai yakave neiyo makore makumi maviri apfuura dai yakabvuma 20 muzana yenyika inodiwa kune nyika yePalestine inoshanda. " Zvino, neIsrael yakasimba uye nerutsigiro rweUS ingangove isina zvisungo, "nei, bvunza ruzhinji rwechiJudha rweIsrael uye hurumende yainosarudza, tinofanira kubvuma chero chinhu chakakosha?" (“Kana mepu yemugwagwa iri One Way Street: Israel's Strategy for Permanent Occupation,” CounterPunch.org, Mbudzi, 22, 28). Vanyori veNew York Times havagoni kubvuma kuti iyi ndiyo maonero eIsrael, sezvo zvichireva kuramba nemaune kweIsrael kugadzirisa mukuda kwekuramba kubviswa uye kucheneswa kwemadzinza, iye zvino uyewo munguva yakapfuura, kunyange zvazvo inogona kusimbiswa nemashoko anodzokororwa neIsrael. vatungamiri.
Ichiratidza basa rayo senhengo inoparadzira, New York Times yakagara yadzima Halper, mudzidzi weIsrael ari murongi weDare reIsrael Rinopesana neKuparadzwa kweImba uye mutsoropodzi ane hunyanzvi wemutemo weIsrael. Kungangove kuratidza kunobatsira kwekurerekera kwayo kusiyanisa kutaurwa kwebepa kwevanhu vakaita saHalper nekushandisa kwayo vakuru vakuru uye vanyori veIsrael. Jeff Halper, munyori weIsrael ane hunyanzvi uye muratidziri werunyararo Uri Avnery, vatori venhau veHaaretz Amira Hass, Gideon Levy, naDanny Rubinstein, naHenry Siegman - aimbova mukuru weUS weAmerican Jewish Committee, uyo makore apfuura akasiya basa rekukumbira ruregerero. mune iyo yeanotsoropodza mutemo weIsrael - yaive ne zero bylines pane op-ed peji reNew York Times kubva Ndira 1, 2002 kusvika pakupera kwaMbudzi 2007. Ukuwo, Martin Indyk naDennis Ross vaive nemakoramu mashanu op-ed. imwe neimwe pazvinhu zveMiddle East panguva ino. Indyk ndiye director weSaba Center yeMiddle East Policy kuBrookings, aimbove mubatsiri wepro-Israel think tank yeWashington Institute for Middle East Policy, aimbova muongorori weaitungamira pro-Israel lobby AIPAC, uye akashanda seUS. mumiriri kuIsrael panguva yeClinton makore. Ross akabatanidzwawo neWashington Institute pamberi uye mushure mekunge ashanda semumiriri waClinton munhaurirano dzeIsrael-Palestine.
Saka gonhi rinotenderera reUS rinomhanya pakati pepro-Israel lobbies, US State Department, uye New York Times peji remaonero. Kurasika kweThe Times kubatwa kweMusangano weAnnapolis kunotevera saizvozvo, zvichiratidza kucheneswa kwakadzika midzi, mutemo unopokana nepasi rose, uye rusaruraganda munyaya iyi yakakosha. Ichi ndicho chikonzero bepa risingakwanisi kuratidza Musangano weAnnapolis muchiedza chayo chaicho, seMusangano weHondo kwete Musangano weRunyararo, sekusakwanisa kuburitsa pachena manyepo anotungamira mukupambwa kweIraq kana kutsanangura sechisimba chakarongwa. uye kutyorwa kweChata yeUN.
Edward Herman ndiye purofesa ari kubuda mune zvemari paWharton School, University of Pennsylvania, nyanzvi yezvehupfumi, uye muongorori wenhau. Ndiye munyori wemabhuku akawanda, kusanganisira Tiye Real Terror Network, Iyo Ngano yeThe Liberal Media: An Edward Herman Reader, Yakaderedzwa Kugona: The Media uye Kosovo Dambudziko. (yakabatanidzwa naPhil Hammond) uye Iyo Washington Connection uye yechitatu World Fascism (naNoam Chomsky).