Imperialism uye kusaenzana kuri kusimukira kunodaidza hunyanzvi hwemutauro kuisa chokwadi chakashata muchiedza chiri nani, kana kuti kutora avo vane mhosva yekusagadzikana. Imwe nzira yekutaura inobatsira kuvanza chokwadi, uye mutoro wekutambudzika kukuru, kushandiswa kweshoko rokuti "isu" kune avo vane mutoro uye mutsara wokuti "kushaya chido chezvematongerwo enyika" kutsanangura kukanganisa kwemitemo. Saka, Thomas Frank anonyora kuti, โTakaona kusasimba kwedu mumaoko evanesimba uye takasarudza kuti chinhu chekuita ndechekuita kuti Wall Street itosimba. Takabvuma kusava nesimba kwedu ndokubva takudzaโ (โEasy Chair,โ Harper's, Gunyana 2013). Iyi imhando yekuzvipokana, asi zvinoreva kuti vagariwo zvavo vari mune imwe fashoni kuita sarudzo dzakakodzera ("takasarudza" kuita kuti Wall Street isimbe).
Asi izvi nekumwe kushandiswa kwe "isu" kunotsvedza pamusoro penyaya yekuti vazhinji vedu hatina kana kadiki diki pasarudzo dzemitemo - ndivo vanhu vanoongorora uye vanopa mari vangangove vezvematongerwo enyika uye vezvematongerwo enyika vakaongororwa ivo pachavo vanoumba diki revasarudzo. Sokuseka kwakaita George W. Bush kukamuri rokudyira rakanga rizere nevapi vahombe, โVamwe vanhu vanokudanai kuti muri vanhu vepamusoro. Ndinokudaidzai zvangu,โ achibvuma kuti dunhu rake taive tisiri tese. Kupatsanurana uku pakati pevakakodzera "isu" neruzhinji rwevagari vemo kunotsanangura kuti sei sarudzo dzichigara dzichiratidza maonero e "populist" kudivi reruzhinji "isu" asingakanganise mutemo chaiwo.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, hakusi kushaikwa kwe "kuda kwezvematongerwo enyika" kune chikamu chevagari vemo kunotsanangura gaka remutemo uyu, ndicho chaicho chakaitika chishuwo chevadiki vemasimba ari pamusoro avo vane chido chezvamatongerwe enyika chokuputira matendere avo neminhenga yakatorwa muboka guru revarasikirwa. Sei isu tisingakwanisi kuva nemutemo wekuramba kubhadhara mabhanga makuru ari kutadza kuburikidza nekukanganisa kwavo kukuru kwebhizinesi? Mukunzwa kwaSeptember 2, 2010 pamberi peFinancial Crisis Inquiry Commission, yakanzi "Kunzwa pane Zvakanyanya Kukura Kusakundikana: Zvinotarisirwa uye Impact yeInoshamisa Kupindira kweHurumende uye Basa reSystemic Risk muKunetsa Kwemari," Fed Sachigaro Ben Bernanke akatsanangura pa chikonzero chekuti, "Kana paine kushomeka kwekuda kwezvematongerwo enyika, pamwe hapana mhinduro inoenderera" (yakataurwa muDonna Borak, "FCIC: Will Dodd-Frank Stop Future Bailouts?," Iyo American Bankr, Gunyana 3, 2013). Uye the Washington Post vapepeti vanotsanangura kuti hatigone kuve neinishuwarenzi yakapihwa nehurumende nekuti maDemocrats haana chido chezvematongerwo enyika: "[T] vakasununguka vakapokana kwenguva refu sarudzo dzinoratidza rutsigiro rwakakura rwesarudzo yeruzhinji uye nekuwedzera Medicare kune vese vekuAmerica uye kushaikwa kweimwe nzira. chikumbiro chiri mubhiri chinongoratidza kushomeka kwekuda kwezvematongerwo enyika kubva kuDemocrats" ("Vasununguko vanofanira kufara here nemutemo wehutano weCongress ungapfuura svondo rino?" Washington Post, Kurume 18, 2010).
Ndanga ndichishanda iyi nzvimbo yemutauro weOrwellian kwemakore mazhinji, uye ndinoona zvichinakidza kuona kuti mutauro weOrwellian wekare unochengeta sei kukosha kwawo kunyangwe kushandiswa kutsva kuchiitwa kuzadzisa zvido zvemazuva ano. Mukuedza kwangu kwekutanga munzira iyi, The Great Society Dictionary (ine katuni naRon Cobb), iyo yakatanga ku1968 uye makore eHondo yeVietnam (Mwari wangu, munyori uyu anoremekedzwa sei), ndakabatanidza mazwi akadai:
- Boondoggle: โKushandiswa kwemari yekubatsirikanaโ (ona โDefense Expenditureโ)
- Kuvimbika: โKugona kweveruzhinji kutora zvinzvimbo nhema"
- Military-Industrial Complex: "Pentagon uye Mazana Ayo Anodiwa Nyaya"
- Kuvaka Nyika: "Nation-busting" (ona "Chengetedza")
- Containment: "Kusabatanidzwa kwemasimba mashoma kubva munzvimbo dzatinoda kumisa hegemony." (Syn., โKuwedzeraโ)
- Conservatism: "Pfungwa ine nheyo huru ndeyekuti Hurumende Yakakurisa, kunze kwemapurisa nemauto"
- Mapurisa: "The Fifth Estate uye imwe chete kunze kwemutemo"
- Kune mamwe akawanda ane kuramba achienderana. Ndakawedzera kwavari mubhuku rakagadziridzwa ra1992 rine musoro Kupfuura Hunyengeri, iyo yaive ne "Doublespeak Dictionary" uye akawanda emakatuni akanaka naMat Wuerker. Zvimwe zvinozivikanwa ndezvi:
- Mvumo: โCinomirira rubatsiro rwehurumende neSpecial Interestsโ( ona โSpecial Interestsโ)
- Zvido Zvakakosha: โVashandi, vakadzi, varimi, vakwegura nendonda, vasingashandi, vatema nevamwe vadiki; the general population; vanhu vasingakoshiโ
- Pro-hupenyu: โKutsigira zvakasimba kodzero dzemwana ari mudumbu; kazhinji inobatanidzwa neavhareji yepakati pekunetseka kwehupenyu hwepashure pefetus"
- Chengetedzo, mutengo we: โChero chii chinoitwa nesangano rezvomboโ
- Kugadzikana: โMamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika uye ezvehupfumi anogutsa zvatinodaโ
Kune zvimwe zvakabata kubva pakutanga kuuraya-muchina izwi kushandiswa. Munguva yeHondo yeVietnam, hurumende yeUS yakaita nguva nenguva "kufamba kwerunyararo" nenzira yekumbomira kurwisa mabhomba, panguva imwechete ichinzi yaikoka maNorth Vietnamese kuti auye kutafura yekutaurirana uye "kutaurirana," asi muchivande achivaudza kuti mazwi. vakanga vachiri kukanda mapfumo pasi. Mafambiro acho hapana kwaaisvika, saka hurumende yakabva yawedzera hondo. Mumakore achangopfuura, vatungamiriri veUS, vava kutonga nyika isina simba rekuvatora, havambonetseki nekufamba kwerunyararo; asi vachiri kufanira kutarisana neruzhinji rwevanhu rwemumba rwusina moyo murefu pakureba uye mutengo wehondo dzakawanda, saka tine nguva nenguva "kuvhiya" kunoenderana nekwaimbova "kukwira," asi nezwi rinopa imwe aura yakanaka. Mumazuva ekare, zvakare, taishandisa โmamercenariesโ muhuwandu hukuru, asi iko zvino kana tikahaya nhamba dzakakura tinodzipa zita rakanaka, โmakondirakiti.โ
US hondo dzinogara dzichiruramiswa nesimba re "misheni" yavo, iyo inogona kushanduka kana imwe yadzo ikava yehunyengeri kupfuura kugadziriswa kweparaganda-kunyanya, kusavapo kweIraqi "zvombo zvekuparadza kukuru" izvo kutyisidzira kwanga kuri chikonzero chezita. 2003 US-UK kupinda nechisimba. Iyi mishoni yakapera yakagadziriswa nekukurumidza nekutsiva kudiwa kwekubvisa mudzvanyiriri uye kupa vasara veIraqis (avo vachiri vapenyu mushure mekurwiswa kwedu nehondo yevagari vemo) hurongwa hwedemokrasi. Taifanira kuparadza nyika kuti tiiponeseโkubva pakutonga kwoudzvinyiriri. Uku kwaive kunonoka kuvandudza uye kusarudza zvinoshamisa sezvo hudzvinyiriri hweEgypt neSaudi vakaramba vari padyo uye vachidzivirira vabatsiri, asi zano iri raishanda muUS propaganda system.
Mune mamwe mafuremu ekukumbira ruregerero anoshandira chirongwa chekuwedzera cheiyo post-Soviet imwe simba guru, isu tine kudiwa kwakawedzera kwe "Humanitarian Intervention" (HI) uye "Basa rekudzivirira" (R2P), zvine nharo zvikamu zve "Global War on. Kutyisa" GWOT). Yekutanga, HI, inosanganisira "muscular" mutemo wekune dzimwe nyika unosimbisa kushandiswa kwesimba rakapfava pane kupfava sekudikanwa kweiyo inogara ichifurira shamwari yekare iyo Military-Industrial Complex (MIC). Kushandisa zvigadzirwa zveMIC semabhomba epondo mazana mashanu, uranium yakapera, uye mabhomba emapoka anosanganisira kukuvara kwakanyanya uye kusiri kwechibvumirano uye kunongobatsira vanhu mune zvinorehwa zvikonzero uye zvikonzero, kwete zvikonzero chaizvo kana mhedzisiro. HI inotsiva iyo isingadhure diplomacy kana kungofunga nezve bhizinesi rako. R500P zvakare kusikwa kweiyo post-Soviet kurongeka uye zvakare inosanganisira mhirizhonga sechinotsiva diplomacy kana plain vanilla kusapindira. Sezvo uku kuri kuratidzwa kwechisimba kweGWOT, uye kunonyanya kusarudza zvinoenderana nezvinangwa chaizvo uye mibatanidzwa yezvematongerwo enyika yeUS nevadyidzani vayo vepedyo, GWOT ihondo yeGlobal of Terror.
Iko kune chokwadi "nzira yerunyararo" yanga ichiitika pakati peIsrael nePalestine pasi pekutariswa neUS kwemakumi emakore. Asi muitiro iwoyo hauna kuunza rugare uye hauna kuitirwa kudaro. Dai paive nerunyararo rwekugadzirisana kwakataurirana miganhu yeIsrael nePalestine, Israeri yaisakwanisa kutora pfuma yePalestine isina kuyambuka muganhu unogamuchirwa uye kupinda muhondo yakavhurika yehasha. Izvi hazvingaite, saka isu tine "nzira yerunyararo" panzvimbo iyo ichaenderera kwenguva yakati. Uye isu tinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti R2P haizoshandiswe mune iyi kesi kuchengetedza vakakuvadzwa.
Pakati pezvinhu zvinoshamisa zvekubuda kweHI neR2P ndezvekuti mitemo iyi inonzi ine mutsa haina kuenzana kwete chete nekunyepedzera kwe "runyararo maitiro" asiwo kukura kwekurwadziswa, kududzira kunoshamisa uye kutorwa nekusungwa kusingagumi kwemazana evanhu vakatorerwa chero mutemo. kodzero nekuzivikanwa kwavo se "varwi vemuvengi." Zviitiko izvi zvinofanirwa kunge zvakamutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pezvinangwa zverubatsiro zveHI neR2P, zvichipihwa rutsigiro nekutevedzwa nemapato mamwe chete achiunza kurwadziswa nemamwe maitiro akashata mukushandiswa kwakakura, asi havana kuzviita muruzhinji, zvichiratidza simba re vatsigiri vezvose.
Izwi rekuti "murwi wemuvengi" harifanirwe kuwanikwa mumutemo wepasi rose, asi kurwadzisa chinhu chakakosha chemutemo iwoyo. Vaviri ava vakabatana sekuzivisa vamwe nhapwa semurwi wemuvengi kunovabvisa kubva mukuchengetedzwa kwemutemo wepasi rose uye kuvaita kuti vatambudzwe nyore nyore, zvirinani kugutsikana kwevanotambudza nevezvenhau. Iyi inzira inopokana yemaitiro uye isinganyanyi kubatsira vanhu, asi yakashandiswa nesimba iro rinova mutsigiri mukuru uye mushandi weHI neR2P.
Kurwadziswa hakusi hurongwa hutsva, asi sezvazvakatora hupenyu hutsva munharaunda yeUS yesimba mukupikisa-revolutionary spurt mushure meHondo Yenyika II (ona Amnesty International's 1974 "Report on Torture" uye Chomsky naHerman's 1979. Washington Connection), zvakatora kukosha patsva mushure me9 / 11 uye Bush-Cheney resort yekutambudza sechikamu chehondo yekutya, nekuzivisa kwakazaruka kwekusava netsika dzetsika panzira ("kubvisa magurovhosi"). Kukakavadzana kunoshamisa kwakaitika munyika ino pamusoro pekuti kukwira mumvura uye dzimwe nzira dzinozivikanwa dzokutambudza dzakanga dziri kutambudzwa chaizvoizvo here uye kana United States yakanga yakasungwa nemiganhu yepamutemo yakagara iripo panzira idzi. Nekuuraya kwayo kwemagweta erudyi, hurumende yeBush-Cheney yakawana kurwadzisa kwakagamuchirwa uye yakaishandisa, zvese zvakananga uye kuburikidza nekuendeswa kwevasungwa kuenda kunzvimbo dzekutambudza ("kududzirwa kunoshamisa"), maviri acho aive Hosni Mubarak's Egypt uye Bashar Al-Assad's. Siriya. Vanotungamira maDemocrats havana kupikisa, uye Mutungamiri Obama vakaramba kupomera mhosva yekutyorwa kwemitemo iyi, vachityora mhiko yavo yechigaro.
Sangano reUS rakavenga kushandisa izwi rekuti torture kushanda kune zviito zveUS, nemhedzisiro yekuti rondedzero nyowani yekurwadzisa yakabuda kuti inzvenge kana ikashandiswa kwatiri. Saka โtakawedzera kubvunzurudza,โ โkubvunzurudza kwokumanikidzira,โ โkubvunzurudza zvine hasha,โ โkubvunzurudza zvakadzama,โ uye โnyanzvi dzokubvunzurudza.โ
Isu tinewo mamwe mazwi ane mukurumbira uye hunyanzvi hwemasangano anokodzera zera rekuuraya kwakanangidzirwa pachena kunoitwa kuburikidza nemabhomba eDrone kurwisa "magandanga" uye "mauto echiIslam" pasi rose. Nyika ino inorova โmasaini,โ kurwiswa kunoenderana neโmaitiro ezviito anofungidzirwa,โ nevanhu vanourayiwa vasingazivikanwe nemazita. Chikumbaridzo chekuuraya uri chinhambwe chakadzikiswa muna 2008 kubva pa "yakanyanya kukosha" kana "kuramwa kwevanhu" kuenda kune inonzi "anonzwisisa murume mwero." Zvakashumwa muna 2012 kuti hutungamiriri hwaObama hwaienderera mberi negwara rekuti kusaina "kureva varume vese vechiuto vakura munzvimbo yekuramwa sevarwi" (Micah Zenko. '?,โ Foreign Policy, June 11, 2013; Jo Becker naScott Shane, "Chakavanzika 'Kill List' Inoratidza Muedzo weMitemo yaObama uye Kuda," New York Nguvas, Chivabvu 30, 2012). Dhipatimendi rakagadzirawo "disposition matrix," runyorwa rwekufa kwezvinangwa (vanhu, vasina kutongwa mudare ripi neripi) vari kumirira kusaina kuramwa mabasa, sezviri pachena kwakakurukurwa uye kusarudzwa neMutungamiri pamisangano ye "Terror Chipiri".
Pane zvakakosha zvemasangano uye zvekutaura zvinoshanduka pamberi pemba zvakare. Zvichida hunyanzvi hwekutanga hwemutauro pachiitiko chepamba yaive mari ye "kuchengetedzwa kwenyika", ichiperekedzwa nekugadzirwa kweDhipatimendi reHomeland Security (DHS), iro rava chikamu chikuru chekukura nekukurumidza kwekuongorora kwedzimba. Iyo DHS yakakura uye inodhura yekuwedzera kune zvivakwa zviripo zvinonzi zvine chekuita nezvekuchengetedza, izvo zvaifanira kunge zvakashura kune vanochengetedza vanovenga Hurumende Huru. Zvinogoneka zvakare kuti iyi nyowani yekuwedzera-uye inosanganisirwa mari-kuyerera inopa zvakanyanya kutya kweveruzhinji nezve chengetedzo pane iyo inoshanda chero basa rekudzivirira chairo. Iyi DHS inoda izvo zvekutya kuti zvireverere mari yayo mikuru, sezvinoita MIC.
Imwe yekuchinja kwandinofarira mutauro mumakore apfuura kwave kutamira kune "nzvimbo dzekururamisa" kubva "majeri" uye "majeri." Chii chinoita kuti shanduko yekutaura iyi ishamise uye Orwellian ndeyekuti majeri nemajeri akafamba zvishoma kubva pane chero kutarisa kwekugadziriswa kusvika pakungobvisa vasungwa mukutenderera-kureva, kure nechero se "kurura". Zvinoyeuchidza nezvekuchinja kubva kuDhipatimendi reHondo kuenda kuDhipatimendi reDziviriro kumashure mukupera kwema1940s, zvichifambirana nekuchinja kwechinangwa chaicho cheDhipatimendi kubva pakudzivirira kuenda kune mhosva nekuwedzera (kureva, โkurambaโ).
Kune hupfumi husingagumi mukushandiswa kweOrwellian munyika ino huru, uye ivo vanowedzera kudivi-ne-parutivi nekudzoreredza kwayo muvanhu uye kururamisira uye kuchengetedzwa kwenhau huru kwehasha dzayo. Tichafanira kudzokera kundima iyi nokukurumidza zvakare.
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Edward S. Herman inyanzvi munyaya dzehupfumi, midhiya, mutsoropodzi, uye munyori wezvinyorwa zvakawanda nemabhuku, kusanganisira. Iyo Politics yeGenocide (naDavid Petersen).