S. Herman
naDavid Peterson
The
Kushandiswa kwakajairwa kweshoko rekuti "Public Intellectual" kwave kuri kukonzera kukura
kuvhiringidzika uye bombast munguva pfupi yapfuura. Pamusangano we "The Future of Public
Intellectuals" yakaitwa mwedzi yakati yapfuura muNew York City, Russell Jacoby weThe Last
Mukurumbira wenjere wakachema nekutsakatika kwezvizvarwa zvekare zve
vakangwara kubva pameso eruzhinji, kuti vatsiviwa ne "mapurofesa akavharirwa mukati
yunivhesiti," zvakanyanya kunetseka ne "kuwana kurudziro pane kunyora
kupindira kwevanhu.โ Panenge panguva imwe cheteyo, Nippon Foundation yeJapan
yakazivisa kusikwa kwechirongwa cheAsia Public Intellectuals, chinooneka
chinangwa chayo ndechekusimudzira basa renjere rinogona kusimudzira kunaka kweveruzhinji
nekubatsira "vaAsia kutarisa vaAsia kuburikidza nemeso avo."
The
bombast isu tinogona kufuratira; kuvhiringidzika hatingagoni. Saka tinogona kubvumirana kuti izwi
"Public intellectual" yave inonetsa, asi kwete nekuti vane njere
yakanyangarika semugumisiro we "kuvharirwa muyunivhesiti." Asi, avo WE
vangadeedza public inllectals havasi kupihwa mukana wekuoneka
paruzhinji. Isu tinotenda kuti mhedzisiro yekuvhiringidzika iri mu
kutadza kusiyanisa pakati pevakangwara vane ACCESS kune veruzhinji uye
avo VANOSHANDIRA ruzhinji. Pane kuwirirana kwakasimba pakati pe
mbiri, iyo inotsamira pasarudzo dzakarerekera dzevashambadziri uye dzakanyanya
mainstream media. Izvi zvakare zvinoratidza zvido zvekambani
nharaunda uye kuumbwa kwezvematongerwo enyika.
An
ane njere ane rupo media kuwana anowanzo kupihwa mari neAmerican
Enterprise kana Manhattan Institutes, Heritage Foundation, kana Hoover
Institution, sezvakaita Dinesh D'Souza, Thernstroms, Christina Hoff
Sommers, Shelby Steele naHeather Mac Donald. Kazhinji, avo vanofarira
kuwana kunogona kuvimbwa nayo kuti utaure izvo masangano anoda kutaurwa pamisoro
yezuva- "chivanhu," "kurongeka kwezvematongerwo enyika," rudzi, kutengeserana kwemahara, uye
"kupindira kwevanhu" uye basa rinobudirira reUnited States uye
West. Izvi zvinoratidza basa renyanzvi dzakadai saAlan Wolfe, Charles
Murray, Paul Krugman, Robert Kaplan, David Rieff naMichael Ignatieff, vane
vanga vari vanhu vakawanda mumakore gumi apfuura, vachinakidzwa nemitsara, redhiyo
uye kuonekwa paterevhizheni, uye ongororo dzemabhuku dzakanaka. Kupiwa basa ravo kuna
vane simba tinoisa mumapoka avanoda vakangwara se "simba" kwete
"voruzhinji" vakangwara. Ndiwo musiyano unobata chinhu chakakosha che
iyo U.S. system yekusarudza kukwidziridzwa kana kuregeredzwa kwevakangwara uye
pfungwa dzavo munzvimbo yeruzhinji. Sezvakataurwa naNoam Chomsky, "Iri
hurongwa husina diki dhigirii rekunaka, uye nekubudirira."
We
tenda kuti izwi rekuti "vanhu vakangwara" rinofanirwa kuchengetwa kune avo vakasimba
vanofunga vanotadza kuona veruzhinji nekuti vakazvimiririra
uye yaizotaura zvinobudirira kune zvinonetsa zveveruzhinji. Kupinda kwavo kwakavharwa,
uye basa ravo uye pfungwa dzinoitwa zvisingaonekwe, nezvido zvezvido zvinodzora
kuyerera kweruzivo kune veruzhinji uye vanokwanisa kusabvisa kubva mukudhindwa
vezvenhau nemasaisai avo vanopikisa zvavanofarira uye mitemo yavanoda.
Kureva, rusununguko rwekutaura runoshanda- rusununguko rwekutaura rwakasanganiswa ne
kusvika kune nhamba huru-inongogumira kune "vazivi vemasimba."
Veruzhinji vakangwara vanozivikanwa kwete chete nekusarudzika kwavo, ivo
vanogara vachishorwa zvakanyanya uye nekurwiswa neve
kusimbisa simba vazivi. Sezvakataurwa naVoltaire kumashure muzana remakore rechi18.
with odes to the monarch โmuchagamuchirwa zvakanaka
kupwanyiwa." Saka, Rachel Carson paakaburitsa Silent Spring yake muchikamu
yakanyanya kunaka nharaunda yekutsoropodza indasitiri yemakemikari kumashure
1962 - mhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza yeDDT yaive yakaoma kuvanza, uye iyo
njodzi yethalidomide yakanga ichangobva kuitika-uye yakabudirira kusvika kwete chete
New Yorker asi chirongwa cheCBS News chairatidza meseji yake, akashatirwa
kurwiswa neindasitiri uye maapendages ayo ezvidzidzo zve "emotionalism" uye
kupomerwa kusarurama. Noam Chomsky anopa mufananidzo wakanakisa weruzhinji
njere dzakaiswa mukudzikisirwa kusingaperi uye kwenguva refu mukuedza
kuzvidza uye kupa chikonzero chekuramba kumubvumira kutora chikamu mumakakava eruzhinji.
Simba vane njere vanogona kuita zvakanyanya zvikanganiso zvechokwadi uye
dudziro, kufanotaura kwavo kungave kusiri pachiratidzo, uye vangadaro
first class matsotsi ehondo anozviti vanhu vane njere, asi izvi hazvidaro
kukanganisa kukwanisa kwavo kusvika kune veruzhinji, sezvo kugadzwa kwakanaka kunodzivirira
kutaura nezvezvikanganiso zvavo. Asi mune yaChomsky, kutsoropodza kunobva pane chaiko
manyepo uye zvisizvo pamusoro pebasa rake zvinodzokororwa senyaya ye
honguโuye kazhinji pasina mukana wekurambaโkana pazvinenge zvakakodzera kuti zvidaro
tsanangura kuti sei "anonyanyisa" akadaro achinyimwa mukana.
Zviri
zvinogoneka kufamba pakati pemapoka eruzhinji nemasimba enjere ne a
kuchinja kwemaonero uye kunobva mari. David Horowitz, tenzi we "zvematongerwo enyika
kururamisa" uye "mafashistadhi akasiya" anotyisa, akatama kubva pakusaonekwa seanosiya kuruboshwe kuenda
mukurumbira seReagan-Gingrich Republican nekuchinja kwakadaro, sezvakaita Paul
Johnson achifamba kubva mupepeti wekuruboshwe, U.K-based New Statesman kuenda kuAmerica
Enterprise Institute intellectual. Alan Wolfe naJohn Judis vakavewo
vanyori vane mukurumbira uye vaongorori muNew York Times zvichitevera kuchinja kwavo mukati
maonero kubva kune yakasununguka-kuruboshwe kuenda kuNew Democrat uye mukubatana kubva kuGuta
Koreji yeNew York kuenda kuBoston University (Wolfe) uye MuIdzi Nguva kune Itsva
Republic (Judis). Wolfe akatowana chinzvimbo chekunzi a
"vazivikanwi veruzhinji vane njere" neanozivikanwa simba akangwara James Q.
Wilson, achiongorora rusununguko rwaWolfe muWall Street Journal (Kubvumbi 5,
2001).
We
tenda zvakare kuti basa revazivi vemasimba rinokwana mu
propaganda modhi, uko kutyisidzira kwenyanzvi dzakazvimirira sezvitubu zvinopokana
nemaonero ehurumende uye emakambani anoratidzwa kuderedzwa nekusundidzira
mberi vanotsamira uye vane hushamwari nyanzvi-kureva, simba njere-vanoita preempt
nzvimbo iyo neimwe nzira inogona kutorwa nevanoongorora vakazvimiririra zvechokwadi, kureva,,
vazivi vevanhu. Kurera nekupa zvitupa kune aya masimba
vakangwara, vanozoshanda sevarwi vepamberi kurwisa veruzhinji
kufarira, ibasa guru rekufunga kwekambani. Uye imwe yerunako rwe
iyo system ndeyekuda kwevezvenhau vemakambani kugamuchira nyanzvi kubva
iyo corporate thinktanks seyakazvimiririra yechokwadi uye pamwe inoshandira iyo
zvido zvevanhu. Izvi zvave zvichiratidzwa zvinoshamisa mukati memakore akawanda apfuura
makumi emakore mukupihwa kwenyanzvi dze "hugandanga" neCentre for Strategic
uye International Studies, Heritage Foundation, Rand Corporation, nezvimwe
yakarerekera zvakanyanya, hurumende yakabatana masangano. Mhedzisiro yave kuyerera kwe
nyanzvi mune zvenhau izvo zvinopa kanenge yunifomu maungira epamutemo maonero
nezvehugandanga, zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvenyanzvi dzinotungamirira dzave dziri muhurumende
sevhisi uye dzinenge dzese dzakatarisa kune kuruboshwe uye hugandanga hwekupandukira (ona
Herman naO'Sullivan, Indasitiri ye "Ugandanga". chitsauko 7-8).
The
kusimuka kune mukurumbira weNew World Order simba renyanzvi mune yekupedzisira
makumi emakore anoverengeka anoenderana nemaitiro akafanana, uye vakaita basa rakakosha mune
kuisa imperialism yemazuva ano mune hushamwari uku uchitarisa pane
mhosva dzevanopikisa uye nevanotambudzwa. Saka tine vane tariro vakaita saFrancis
Fukuyama, inoratidzira kukunda uye kupararira kwe "liberal democracy" pasi pe
hutungamiriri hweUnited States. Isu tine vapessimists saRobert Kaplan,
tichitarisa pane "kuuya kwemhirizhonga" inotevedzwa kune akati wandei, asi kwete
kudyidzana kwepasi rose, IMF-World Bank mutemo, kana mhedzisiro yekoloni
Nhaka nehondo zvinorondwa pamwero mukuru kunhaka iyoyo. Uye tine chii
Tinodaidza simba re "New Humanitarian" vakangwara-Michael Ignatieff, David
Rieff, Timothy Garton Ash, Aryeh Neier, naGeoffrey Robertson, pakati pevazhinji
vamwe. Isu tichapa Chikamu 2 cheiyi nhevedzano pakudzidza kwekamba iyi uye yayo
ongororo dzakasarudzwa uye kusiiwa.