Zvinoshungurudza kuona kuti kazhinji sei vakasununguka uye vamwe vakasiya vakatadza kuramba vachipokana nehurongwa hweUS kuIraq, iyo, mushure memakore anopfuura gumi e "zvirango zvekuparadza kukuru" zvave kutimhanyisa kuhondo yechokwadi. hutsinye.
Pane kushorwa kwakakosha, kunoratidzwa mukukura nekuwanda kwekufora kwekuratidzira uye kudzidzisa, uko vanhu vezvitendero zvakasiyana siyana zvezvematongerwo enyika vakaratidza kushora kuhondo inotarisirwa. Asi kupokana uku kwakapararira uye kwakadzama kwakave nemhedzisiro ine mwero kune vezvenhau, izvo zvichiri kushanda zvakanyanya semaconduit uye vamiririri vevatori venhau vebato rehondo, uye vakasununguka uye "vakasara" vanozviita ipapo vanowanzogamuchira nzvimbo dzebato rehondo. uye kushandira zvido zvayo, ndosaka vachizviita munhepfenyuro.
Vazhinji vevakasununguka uye vakasiya vapinda mubato rehondo, kana kutsoropodza chete nezvikonzero zvehungwaru, vakakurirwa nemafashama ehutongi uye hutungamiriri-rutsigiro propaganda, uye vanowana zvakaoma kutiza mhirizhonga iyoyo. Vamwe, zvisinei, ndeizvo Eric Alterman anodaidzira neruremekedzo kuti "vanoda nyika vakasiiwa," vasiri vekuruboshwe asi vakasununguka vasingakwanise kuona nyika yavo ichipomerwa mhosva yekupara mhosva uye vachiomerera pa "kuenzanisa," "pragmatism" (kureva, kugamuchira nzvimbo mutemo wenyika), uye kutsigirwa kwepakati uye zvine musoro kupindira.
Pasina kumira pano kuti ndiongorore basa revanoda nyika vakasara (ona yangu "The Cruise Missile Left," Z Magazine, Mbudzi 2002), regai nditange ndaongorora zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinoremadza zvePR barrage, wozonyora muchidimbu pfungwa dzakadzikiswa kana kusiiwa ne. vanoda nyika vakasara nevamwe vatsigiri vehondo.
ZVINOKOSHA ZVINHU:
1. Saddam Hussein akaipa, saka kubviswa kwake kune mhosva
Ichokwadi kuti Saddam Hussein mudzvanyiriri ane hutsinye, asi haisi chikonzero chine musoro chekubviswa kwake nechisimba chekunze. Kupinda kwakadaro kunorambidzwa zvachose neUN Charter, kunze kwekuti hurumende yakanangidzirwa inotyisidzira kurwisa, iyo, kusiyana neUnited States, Iraq haina kuita.
Kurwiswa kweIraq saka kwaizosanganisira kuputsika kwemutemo wepasi rose uye kuita kudzoka kumutemo wesango. Uyezve, kupindirwa kuchadhura zvakanyanya kuhuwandu hweIraq, iyo yakatotambura zvirango zvekuuraya rudzi neUN, inovhara mutemo weUS neBritish. Iyi poindi inosimbiswa nenyaya yekuti United States inogara ichishandisa nzira dzehondo dzinoburitsa huwandu hwevanhu vafa munyika inotarwa kuitira kuderedza kufa kweUS.
Kubviswa kwehurumende yakaipa ibasa revanhu vanotambudzwa; chero rubatsiro runobva kunze runofanira kutadza kubata huwandu hwevanhu kushanduko yehurumende (mutemo wezvirango unoramba uripo) kana kupindira kwekunze nechisimba.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hunhu hwaSaddam Hussein semutungamiri hahungambove chikonzero chaicho chehondo yakarongwa, zvichipihwa kuti United States neBritain dzakamutsigira zvine simba muma1980 apo aive achirwa neIran; uye vakatsigira vamwe vadzvinyiriri veboka rake routsinye (somuenzaniso, Suharto, Trujillo, Mobutu, Pinochet, vatungamiriri vemauto eArgentina, 1976-1983).
Tichifunga nezveUS neBritish rekodhi, zvinangwa zvavo (ona "yakavanzika ajenda," pazasi), uye mhirizhonga uye ruvengo izvo kurwiswa kwaizounza- zvichitevera makore gumi nemaviri ezvirango zvekuuraya vanhu-hapana chikonzero chekutenda kuti vangada, kana kuti kupindira kwavo kwaizoguma nokuguma kwoudzvinyiriri.
2. Kutora kwaSaddam "zvombo zvekuparadza kukuru" (WMD) kwaizotyisidzira US uye kuchengetedzwa kwenyika.
Izvi hazvina maturo, kutanga, nokuti United States inonyatsokwanisa kuzvidzivirira uye ine simba guru rekutsiva, uye kunyange Israeri inogona kutyisidzira nhanho yekutsiva iyo inodzivisa Saddam kushandisa zvombo izvozvo zvinogumbura pamusoro payo kunyange dai aive nazvo.
Zvakare, haana masisitimu ekutumira anomutendera kuti asvike kuUS zvinangwa. Akashandisa WMD munguva yakapfuura, asi chete apo United States yakamupa uye nekudzivirira kushandisa kwake zvombo zvakadaro (kurwisana neIran, muvengi weU. Council (kuti uwane ruzivo ona Bato reLabour โcounter-dossier,โ Sept. 21, 2002: http://www.traprockpeace.org).
Saddam haana kushandisa WMD panguva yePersian Gulf War, nekuti aiziva kuti kana akadaro kutsiva kweUS kwaizova kwakanyanya. Mukuru weCIA, George Tenet, akapupura pamberi peDare reSeneti kutanga kwaGumiguru kuti mukana wekuti Saddam ashandise WMD mune "ramangwana rinoonekwa" aive "akaderera," kunze kwekupererwa nezano kana akarwiswa. Muchidimbu, kunyangwe Saddam Hussein aive neWMD, aingokwanisa kuzvishandisa senzira yekuzvidzivirira, kunze kwekunge avaraira vachipokana nechinangwa chakatenderwa neUS, sema1980s.
3. Maitiro aSaddam anovhiringa zvisungo zveSecurity Council uye maitiro ekuongorora hazvigoneke
Mhosva iyi inofungidzira kuti hutongi hwekuongorora hune hunhu uye haisati yave chishandiso chechirongwa cheUS uye vendetta. Muchokwadi, kunyangwe hurongwa hwekuongorora hwakaiswa sezita kuvimbisa kubviswa kweWMD yeIraq, mumakore ese aClinton zvakagara zvichijekeswa kuti iyo yekuongorora-sanctions system yaizogara iripo kusvika Saddam Hussein abviswa.
Izvi zvakabvisa chero kurudziro yekuti Saddam ishande pamwe nekuongorora, uye zvakaratidzawo kuti hurongwa hwekuongorora hwaive chivharo chechirongwa chakavanzika cheUS. Izvo zvakare zvakabvumwa neUS nevakuru vakuru veUNSCOM kuti United States yakashandisa UNSCOM kusora Iraq mukugadzirira kurwiswa nemauto, izvo zvakabatsira kunanga muna Zvita 1998 "Desert Fox" chirongwa chekubhomba chakaitwa neUnited States neBritain. Mushandirapamwe wekubhomba uyu, kuwanda kwakawedzera mabhomba, uye "nzvimbo dzisina kubhururuka" hazvina kumbobvira zvapihwa mvumo neSecurity Council mitongo kana sarudzo, kana chibvumirano che1991 neIraq, uye naizvozvo hazvisi pamutemo, zviito zvechisimba.
Hutongi hwekuongorora hunoshorwawo nenyaya yekuti vatsigiri vayo vega, United States neBritain, vagara vachiramba kubvumidza kutevedzwa kwezvisungo zveSecurity Council kana izvi zvichienderana nezvavanofarira. Resolution 687, iyo yakatemera zvirango uye ongororo, yakadaidzawo kuti pave nenzvimbo isina WMD muMiddle East. Izvi hazvisati zvaitwa, sezvo zvaizoda kuti United States ibvume, uye nekumanikidza kubviswa kwe, hombe yeIsrael yeWMDs.
Munyaya yeIraq, United States neBritain dzakashandisawo kukundikana kweIraqi kwainzi 687 kupfuuridzira โzvirango zvokuparadza kukuru,โ izvo zvakaguma nenzufu dzinopfuura mirioni imwe.
Joy Gordon akaratidza mu "Economic Sanctions of Mass Destruction" (Harpers, Nov. 2002) kuti United States neBritain vakaramba vachidudzira mitemo yezvirango kudzivirira rubatsiro rwevanhu kuvanhu (vetoing ambulensi, vaccines, pombi dzemvura, midziyo yekudzivirira moto, kunyange mavhiri-mabhero), zviito zvevakuru veUS neBritish zvinoumba mhosva dzehondo.
Pasinei nehurongwa hwakavanzika uye zvisiri pamutemo zvehurongwa hwekuongorora, uye kukweva tsoka nekunyengera kweIraq, sisitimu iyi yakatarisira kuparadzwa kweinofungidzirwa kuti 90-95 muzana yeIraq's WMD stocks, uye yakawanda yeWMD yayo. Iraq yakatorerwa zvombo, sekureva kwaScott Ritter naHans Von Sponeck, vaive vatori vechikamu muchirongwa chekuongorora. Asi izvi hazvina kugutsa United States neBritain, uye hazvina kukwanisa kuzviita nekuda kwechinangwa chavo chisiri pamutemo chekuchinja hutongi.
4. Zvakanaka, chii chaunoronga?
Pamberi pehutsinye hwakarongwa-huipi hwakanyanya pamhosva dzese dzepasirese-mhinduro chete yakanaka uye ine musoro ndeyekuti: usazviita. Varevereri havagone kubvuma kuti nyika yavo iri kutanga hutsinye, saka havakwanise kuona ichi chekutanga. Ivo havagone kubvuma kuti "kutyisidzira" kwakaunzwa neIraq kwakagadzirwa, uye kuti dambudziko hombe rine masimba makuru ehurumende kugadzira zvikonzero zvekuenda kuhondo.
"Chikumbiro" changu chekutanga uye chikuru ndechekuti United States neBritain dzimanikidzwa kumisa hurongwa hwavo hwekuita hutsinye, uye kuti "nharaunda yepasirese" ipedze kutsigira kwayo zvirango zvekuparadza vanhu vakawanda uye hutsinye hwakarongwa hwemutongi mukuru uye kumanikidza mbavha. kurega, vachimutyisidzira nezvirango zveupfumi hwenyika yose kana akatadza kumira.
Kutyisidzira kwechipiri kukuru ndeye Ariel Sharon nehurongwa hweIsrael hwekugara, kuchenesa madzinza nekuwedzera kwekugara, uye kuronga humwe hugandanga uye "kutamisa". Ini ndinokurudzira kuti UN ishore mitemo iyi, asi zvakare ishore rutsigiro rweUS uku kukuru uye nekukasira kucheneswa kwemadzinza, uye kutyisidzira zvirango nekudzingwa kubva kuUN uye nharaunda yakabudirira kana aya maitiro ehugandanga uye ekuchenesa madzinza akaenderera mberi kupfuura yakatarwa nguva.
Kana zviri zveIraq, zvakapihwa kuti marongero ekuongorora uye kutonga kwezvombo akavakirwa pakutyisidzira kwengano, kwakavakirwa kugadzirisa hurongwa hwakavanzika uye kutsiva kwakanyanya kweUnited States neBritain, uye kuti mitemo iyi yakave nemhedzisiro yekuparadza rudzi, dzinofanira kumiswa pakarepo.
Panzvimbo pezvo, hukama neIraq hunofanirwa kuve hwakajairwa uye hunofanirwa kupihwa kurudziro yekuzvibata nekumisikidza hukama hwekutengeserana uye "kubatana kunovaka," iyo United States inogara ichishandisa nenyika dzinodzvinyirira dzinoshandira zvido zvayo. "Kutyisidzira" kweIraq kuchadzorwa newebhu iyi yezvido, nekugamuchirwa kwayo kuongororwa neInternational Atomic Energy Agency, uye nechiyero chiripo chesimba remagetsi umo maitiro anogumbura uye kushandiswa kweWMD pachikamu chayo kungadhura zvakanyanya (2 pamusoro).
Izvi hazvizogadzirise demokrasi muIraq, asi icho chinhu chinofanira kubva mukati, uye zvingangoita kuti zvichaitika nekukurumidza pasi pe "kubatanidzwa kunovaka" uye kuderedzwa kwemamiriro ekukomba pane kuenderera mberi neruvengo rwakanyanya kana shanduko yeUS-enjiniya.
ZVINOKOSHA AKADINODZWA KANA KUSIYWA:
Vanoreverera mutemo weUS uye hondo yave pedyo vanogara vachifuratira kana kutadza kuona kukosha kwezvimiro zvegwaro iro rinoita hunyengeri, zvisiri pamutemo, unzenza uye mhosva. Pakati pavo pane zvinotevera:
1. Maoko asina kuchena
Saddam haana kungotsigirwa chete, akadzivirirwa mukushandisa kwake makemikari ehondo muma1980 nenyika mbiri dzave dzichinyanya kunetseka pamusoro pekuva kwake neWMDs nhasi. Hunyengeri huri pano hunoonekwa, asi kufunga uku kunoratidzawo hunyengeri hwekutaura kwekutyisidzira.
Kufa kwevanopfuura miriyoni yevagari vemuIraq semhedzisiro yezvirango inyaya huru yekupara mhosva kwehondo, kutyora Mutemo weNuremberg. Mainjiniya emutemo uyu wekuuraya vanhu havangove nemaoko akachena mukutsvaga Iraq zvakare, munyika ine kururamisira vese vaizotongwa mudare redzimhosva. Varevereri vegwaro reUS uye hondo inotarisirwa kuita senge vasingazive nezve izvi zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kunhaurirano dzanhasi.
2. Kusatenderwa kwehondo yekugadzirira
Varevereri vane mhosva zvakare pamusoro penyaya yekuti kuenda kuhondo nenyika isina kukurwisa uye haina kutyisidzira kurwiswa kunotyora mutemo wepasirese uye hutsinye huri pachena. Uku kushaikwa kwehany'a nehwaro hwemutemo kunobatsirwa pamwe nedanho repamusoro redhimoni uye nekutyisidzira inflation. Izvo zvakare zvinozvidza chokwadi chekuti maererano ne "preemptive" misimboti, nyika zhinji dzinogona kupembedzwa mukurwisa nharaunda yeUS.
3. The double standard
Inobatsirwawo nemwero wenguva refu uyo โโmitemo yepasi rose neSecurity Council inoshanda kune vamwe chete, kwete isu kana shamwari dzedu. Nokudaro vanyori havawani dambudziko pakuti Ariel Sharon neIsrael havangogoni kufuratira mutemo wepasi rose (Fourth Geneva Convention) uye scads yemitemo yeSecurity Council, asi vanowanawo rutsigiro rwakanaka rweUS pakutyorwa uku. Kana nyika yavo ikati zvakakosha kuti mutemo utevedzerwe zvine rusaruro, vanopinda muhurongwa hwekutevedzwa kwesarudzo vaine shungu huru dzehunhu.
4. Iyo yakavanzika ajenda
Tsika dzavo hadzina kudzikiswa nekubuda pachena kwechirongwa chakavanzika chiri pasi pekuombera pamusoro pekutyisidzira kuchengetedzeka kwenyika yeUS mumunhu akaipa ane WMD. Chishuvo chekudzora zviwanikwa zveoiri, kubatsira Sharon, kubatsira vagadziri vezvombo, kugadzirisa zvakare Middle East uye simba repurojekiti zvakanyanya, uye kuchengetedza hondo ichivhara pamusoro peiyo reactionary Bush agenda hazvizivikanwe kana kuchengetwa zvisingaonekwe. Izvi zvinobatsira zvikuru kuhurongwa hwechikwata cheBush.
5. Huori hweUN
Varevereri vanoregeredzawo kuti mutemo weUS waita kuti UN ive nhando nenjodzi. Chikwata cheBush chinozvidza UN (nemutemo wepasi rose) pachena apo chiri kuita zvinangwa zvehutongi. Iyo (uye timu yaClinton pamberi payo) ichashandisa UN kana ichikwanisa uye ichaifuratira kana UN isipo kuti ishandiswe. Mukutarisana nekurwiswa kweIraq boka reBush rakaita kuti UN ibvumirane nehurumende yekuongorora iyo inovimbisa casus belli uye kuita kuti iite hutsinye nemvumo yeUN. Panzvimbo pekupikisa hutsinye UN iri kupindirana mukuita kwayo. Izvi zvinomiririra kufa kwehunhu kwesangano.
6. Mari yehondo
Varevereri vanoderedza mari yehondo. Pachave nekufa kwevane mwero vekuUS, asi kuuraya kukuru kweIraq sezvo US ichiita mutemo wayo wakajairwa wekubhomba kwakanyanya isati yapinda. Pachave nemitengo yakakura muIraq yakaparadzwa uye mutengo unorema mukuitisa kwehondo. "Collateral Damage: The Health and Environmental Costs of War muIraq," yakataurwa neMedical Association for Prevention of War munaNovember 2002, inofungidzira hafu yemiriyoni yekufa vachingotora hondo yemazuva ose, inodarika $ 200 bhiriyoni, uye isingaenzaniswi yakaipisisa migumisiro hutano nekugara zvakanaka.
Pachave zvakare nekuwedzerwa mhinduro dzehugandanga pakurwiswa kweIraq. Izvi uye mhinduro dzehondo munharaunda yeUS zvichaisundira mberi kune nyika ine hutongi. Izvi zvinowedzera kune hutongi hweBush sezvazvichaita, senge 9/11 uye hondo yehugandanga kazhinji, kubatsira iyo kuvhara pamusoro peiyo inopokana neruzhinji kufarira hurongwa.