Zaka makumi awiri pambuyo pa kuwukira kwawo mu 1994, polojekiti ya Zapatistas yodziyimira pawokha komanso yopingasa yafika pofotokoza zovuta zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kumasuliridwa kuchokera Spanish ndi Tamara van der Putten
Kwa zaka makumi awiri zapitazi kuyambira pomwe Zapatista idawukira pa Januware 1, 1994, magulu amagulu ku Latin America akhala akumenyera nkhondo yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyambira 1989 Caracazo, zipolowe, zigawenga ndi zolimbikitsana zakhala zikuzungulira dera lonselo, zidapereka chitsanzo cha neoliberal, ndipo adazindikira omwe ali pansi - opangidwa kukhala magulu - monga ochita zapakati pa kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Zapatismo inali gawo la fundeli m'ma 1990s ndipo posakhalitsa idakhala m'modzi mwa omwe sangalephere kukana kukana kwa Latin America, ngakhale pakati pa omwe sagawana malingaliro awo ndi machitidwe awo. Ndizosatheka kulemba mndandanda wathunthu wa zomwe mayendedwe azindikira mzaka makumi awiri izi. Titha kungoyang'ana zochitika zingapo zofunika: the piquetero Kulimbana ku Argentina (1997-2002), zipolowe zakwawo komanso zodziwika bwino ku Ecuador, kulimbikitsa anthu ku Peru komwe kudakakamiza Fujimori kusiya ntchito, komanso Marichi ya Paraguay ya 1999 yomwe idatsogolera Lino Oviedo kupita ku ukapolo pambuyo pa kulanda usilikali.
Zaka khumi zotsatira tinali ndi kuyankha kochititsa mantha kwa anthu aku Venezuela ku 2002 kumanja kwa mapiko, "nkhondo" zitatu za ku Bolivia pakati pa 2000 ndi 2005 (imodzi za madzi ndi ziwiri za gasi) zomwe zinachotsa ufulu wa neoliberal pamapu a ndale, Kulimbana kochititsa chidwi kwa Amwenye aku Amazonia ku Bagua (Peru) mu 2009, kukana kwa madera aku Guatemala kumigodi, chigawo cha Oaxaca mu 2006, komanso kulimbikitsa anthu wamba ku Paraguay mu 2002 motsutsana ndi privatization.
M'zaka zitatu zapitazi, wosanjikiza watsopano anali anawonjezera kuti mayendedwe amene angasonyeze mkombero watsopano wa zolimbana, kuphatikizapo kulimbikitsa ophunzira Chile sekondale, kukana ammudzi ku Conga migodi ogwira ntchito kumpoto Peru, kukana kukula kwa migodi, fumigations. ndi Monsanto ku Argentina, chitetezo cha TIPNIS (Territorio Indígena ndi Parque Nacional Isiboro Sécure) ku Bolivia, ndi kukana kwa Belo Monte Dam ku Brazil.
Mu 2013 mokha, tinali ndi sitiraka ya agrarian ku Colombia yomwe idatha kugwirizanitsa zigawo zonse zakumidzi (alimi, odula nzimbe) motsutsana ndi mgwirizano wamalonda waulere ndi United States, komanso kulimbikitsana kwa June ku Brazil motsutsana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa anthu ogwira ntchito ku World Cup ya 2014 ndi Masewera a Olimpiki a 2016 ku Rio de Janeiro.
Kulimbikitsana kumeneku komwe kwafalikira ku Latin America kwazaka makumi awiri zapitazi kukuwonetsa kuti mayendedwe apansi panthaka ali moyo kudera lonselo. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi onyamula chikhalidwe chatsopano cha ndale ndi mtundu watsopano wa ndale, zomwe zimawonetsedwa m'njira zambiri komanso zosiyana ndi zomwe tinkadziwa m'ma 1960 ndi 1970.
Zina mwamayendedwe, kuchokera kwa ophunzira aku Sekondale aku Chile ndi magulu a Zapatista, kupita ku Guardian of the Conga Lakes, Venezuela Settlers' Movement ndi Movimento Livre Pass (MPT) ya ku Brazil, iwulula zina zodziwika bwino zomwe ndi zofunika kuziganizira.
Choyamba ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwakukulu kwapadera kwa achinyamata ndi amayi. Monga ovutitsidwa ndi nkhanza za capitalist, kupezeka kwawo kumatsitsimutsanso zolimbana ndi capitalist chifukwa amatha kutenga nawo gawo mwachindunji. Pamapeto pake, ndi iwo - omwe alibe chilichonse chotaya - omwe amapatsa mayendedwe mawonekedwe osasinthika.
Kachiwiri, chikhalidwe cha ndale chapadera chikukula, chomwe a Zapatistas adachipanga m'mawu oti "kulamulira ndi kumvera" (mandar obedeciendo). Omwe amasamalira nyanja ku Peru - olowa m'malo oyendera alimi (rondas campesinas) - kumvera madera awo. Omenyera ufulu wachinyamata wa MPL ku Brazil amapanga zisankho mogwirizana kuti asaphatikize anthu ambiri, ndipo amakana mosapita m'mbali "magalimoto okhala ndi zokuzira mawu" omwe mabungwe amgwirizano adagwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kuguba kwawo.
Chinthu china chodziwika bwino pamagulu amenewa ndi ntchito yodzilamulira yokha ndi yopingasa, mawu omwe anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito zaka 20 zapitazo koma ophatikizidwa kale m'chinenero cha ndale cha anthu omwe akugwira nawo nkhondo zosiyanasiyana. Omenyera ufulu amadzinenera kudziyimira pawokha kuchokera ku boma ndi zipani zandale, komanso kupendekera - utsogoleri wagulu la gulu osati la munthu aliyense. Mwachitsanzo, mamembala a Coordinating Assembly of Secondary Students (ACES, zoyambira zake mu Chisipanishi) aku Chile amagwira ntchito yopingasa, ndi utsogoleri wapagulu komanso msonkhano.
Khalidwe lachinayi ndi kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe kazinthu. Bungwe limadzisintha lokha ndipo liri pansi pa kayendetsedwe kake; sichimawumitsidwa kukhala dongosolo lomwe limakhazikitsa gulu ndi zofuna zake zosiyana. Magulu omwe akulimbana ndi ofanana ndi madera omwe akutsutsa, momwe onse amachitira zoopsa zofanana ndi kumene kugawanika kwa ntchito kumasinthidwa molingana ndi zolinga zomwe gulu likufotokozera panthawi iliyonse.
Mu gulu latsopanoli, ndizovuta kusiyanitsa omwe ali atsogoleri - osati chifukwa oyimira ndi olankhulira kulibe, koma chifukwa kusiyana pakati pa atsogoleri ndi otsatira kukucheperachepera pomwe utsogoleri wamagulu a omwe akuchokera pansi ukuwonjezeka. Ichi mwina ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri za chikhalidwe chatsopano cha ndale chomwe chakhala chikufalikira pazaka makumi awiri zapitazi.
Pomaliza, Zapatismo ndiwoyimira pazandale komanso wamakhalidwe - osawonetsa komwe akuyenda, koma amakhala ngati chitsanzo chomwe angalimbikitsidwe. Zokambirana zingapo zikuchitika pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana aku Latin America, osati mwanjira yamisonkhano yokhazikika komanso yokhazikika, koma monga kusinthana kwachidziwitso ndi chidziwitso pakati pamagulu omenyera ufulu wa anthu: ndendende mtundu wakusinthana komwe timafunikira kuti tilimbitse nkhondo yathu yolimbana nayo. dongosolo.
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