Zisankho zaku Austria zikuwonetsa momveka bwino kuti atolankhani asiya kuchita zinthu zomwe zikuchitika.
Kuti tichite zimenezi, kumafuna chenjezo la tsogolo la Ulaya, monga galimoto ya makhalidwe a ku Ulaya ikufunika.
Europe yafooketsedwa ndi zisankho zaposachedwa, kupatulapo France.
Zofanana kwa onse, kuphatikiza ku France, zinali zina zomveka bwino, zomwe titha kuzifufuza mwachangu, ndiye mwina mopanda ungwiro.
Kuchepa kwa maphwando achikhalidwe.
Pachisankho chilichonse, kuyambira pamavuto azachuma a 2009, maphwando omwe tidadziwa kuti akuyendetsa dziko lawo kuyambira kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, akuchepa (kapena akutha, monga zisankho zomaliza za ku France).
Ku Austria, chipani chakumanja chakumanja kwa Freedom Party ku Austria (FPO) chidapeza mavoti 26 peresenti, mavoti ochepa chabe kumbuyo kwa Social Democrats omwe adatenga mavoti 26.9%. Ma demokalase a chikhalidwe cha anthu akhala akulamulira kuyambira kumapeto kwa nkhondo.
Ndipo chipani china chamwambo, Austrian People's Party (OVP) yokhazikika, idapambana zisankho ndi 31.5 peresenti. Onse pamodzi zipani ziwirizi zinali ndi mavoti oposa 85%.
Mu zisankho zachi Dutch zomwe zidachitika mu Marichi, Geert Wilder yemwe ali kumanja kwa Party for Freedom PVV, adakhala wachiwiri pambuyo pa People's Party for Freedom and Democracy VVD, powononga maphwando ena onse.
Ndipo mu Seputembala ku Germany, gulu lakumanja lakumanja la anti immigrant Alternative for Germany (AfD) lidachita bwino kwambiri, kukhala gulu lachitatu pomwe zipani ziwiri za Merkel Christian Democratic Union yaku Germany CDU ndi Social Democratic Party yaku Germany SPD zidavutika. zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri mu zaka zoposa theka. Malingana ndi zisankho, chaka chamawa chisankho cha ku Italy chidzawona gulu la anthu ambiri, ndi 5 Stars idzatenga boma.
Austria ndiye chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri chomvetsetsa momwe ndale zamayiko aku Europe zasinthira. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti palibe chipani chakumanja chomwe chidawoneka ku Europe, (kupatula Le Pen ku France), mavuto azachuma a 2009 asanachitike.
Vuto limenelo linabweretsa kusatetezeka ndi mantha ndipo m'chaka chomwecho a ku Austria kumanja, pansi pa utsogoleri wachikoka wa Jorg Haider, adapeza mavoti ofanana ndi lero. Ndipo nduna yaikulu yosunga malamulo pa nthawiyo, Wolfgang Schlussel anaphwanya lamulo pobweretsa Freedom Party mโboma.
Aliyense ku Europe adachita mantha, atapatula Austria. Ndipo FPO, idataya kukongola kwake konse mu boma, kutsika mpaka 5%, ndipo ndi imfa ya Haider ngakhale mpaka pansi. Palibe mantha owopsa tsopano ku Europe chifukwa cha maphwando aliwonse akumanja akumanja omwe akuyamba kulamulira.
Zomwe zapangitsa kuti zipani zachikhalidwe zigwere pansi
Maphwando achikhalidwe anali akuyang'anizana ndi kutayika kwa kutenga nawo mbali ndi kukhulupilira kwa osankhidwa kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi koma mu 2009 Ulaya adaitanitsa mavuto azachuma omwe adasokoneza US mu 2006. Ndipo, 2009 adawona zovuta ndi kusowa ntchito ku Ulaya konse.
Ndipo chaka chimenecho Greece inakhala bwalo lankhondo la masomphenya aลตiri ku Ulaya. Mayiko akummwera ankafuna kuti atuluke muvutoli ndi ndalama komanso mpumulo, pomwe bloc ya maiko akumpoto, motsogozedwa ndi Germany, idawona kukhazikika ngati yankho lokhalo.
Germany inkafuna kutumiza kunja zomwe idakumana nazo: ikuchita bwino chifukwa cha kusintha kwachuma komwe kunayambika ndi Schroeder mu 2003, ndipo sanafune kusintha zina zilizonse.
Greece inali 4% yokha yazachuma ku Europe ndipo ikadatha kupulumutsidwa popanda mavuto. Koma mzere wa Germany unapambana ndipo lero Greece yataya 25% ya katundu wake; penshoni idatsika ndi 17%, ndipo pali ulova waukulu. Austerity inali yankho ku zovuta za ku Europe konse ndipo izi zidakulitsa mantha ndi kusatetezeka.
Ndikofunikiranso kukumbukira kuti mpaka kuukira kwa Libya, Iraq ndi Syria, komwe Europe idachita gawo lalikulu (2011- 2014), panali anthu ochepa othawa kwawo ndipo izi sizinali vuto.
Mu 2010, anthu obwera kuchokera kumayiko ena anali 215.000, m'dera la 400 miliyoni. Koma panthawi ya nkhondoyi, mgwirizano wosalimba kwambiri pakati pa Shite ndi Sunni, nthambi ziwiri zazikulu zachipembedzo za Chisilamu, zidagwa. Nkhondo yapachiลตeniลตeni, ndi kulengedwa kwa ISIS mu 2015 kunakakamiza ambiri kuyesa kufika ku Ulaya kuti athawe nkhondo zapachiลตeniลตeni.
Chifukwa chake, mu 2015 othawa kwawo opitilira 1.2 miliyoni, ambiri ochokera kumayiko omwe akukangana, adafika ku Europe, komwe sikunakonzekere kufalikira kwakukulu kotere. Ndipo, ngati tiphunzira zisankho zisanachitike, titha kuwona kuti zipani zolondola sizinali zofunikira monga momwe zilili pano.
Chifukwa chake ziyenera kuwonekeratu kuti kusakhazikika komanso kusamuka kwakhala zifukwa ziwiri zazikuluzikulu zakukwera kwa mapiko oyenera.
Ziwerengero ndi deta zikuwonetsa bwino. Ziwerengero zimasonyezanso kuti anthu othawa kwawo, ndithudi, kupatulapo, (kuti zofalitsa ndi populism ziwonjezeke), makamaka amafuna kugwirizanitsa, kuvomereza mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito, ndipo amatsatira malamulo ndikupereka zopereka zawo, zomwe mwachiwonekere zimawakomera.
Zoona, mlingo wa maphunziro umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Koma Asiriya amene amabwera kuno anali apakati. Ndipo ndithudi ndi chowonadi chosasangalatsa kuti ngati Ulaya sakanalowerera m'dzina la demokalase, zinthu zikanakhala zosiyana. NATO ikuyerekeza kuti ndalama zoposa 30 biliyoni zagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo ku Syria. Panopa pali othawa kwawo sikisi miliyoni, ndipo 400.00 afa.
Ndipo Assad akadalipo. Inde, demokalase ili ndi phindu losiyana m'mayiko omwe ali otsekedwa komanso olemera ndi mafuta a petulo. Tikadakhala otsimikiza za demokalase, pali mayiko ambiri aku Africa omwe akufunika kulowererapo.
Boko Haram lapha anthu kuwirikiza kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa a ISIS; ndipo Mugabe akuganiza zopikisana nawo pa chisankho atalamulira dziko la Zimbabwe kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi anayi. Koma simudzamva zambiri pa nkhani zimenezi pa mkangano wa ndale.
Momwe kumanja kukusintha ku Europe
Nigel Farage ndi wodziwika bwino yemwe adatsogolera chipani chakumanja, UK Independence Party (UKIP) chomwe chidamenyera kuchoka ku Europe. UKIP idalandira mavoti ochuluka kwambiri (27.49%) a chipani chilichonse chaku Britain pazisankho za Nyumba Yamalamulo ku Europe mu 2014 ndipo adapeza ma membala 11 owonjezera a MEPs okwana 24 [55].
Chipanichi chinapambana mipando m'madera onse a Great Britain, kuphatikizapo yoyamba ku Scotland. [56] Aka kanali koyamba mzaka zoposa XNUMX kuti chipani china kusiyapo Labour kapena Conservatives chipambane mavoti ambiri pazisankho za ku UK.
Koma Farage anataya zisankho zomwe zinachitika Brexit isanachitike, mu June 2016. Kulengeza kwake kwa atolankhani kunali: Infact, ndine wopambana weniweni, chifukwa ndondomeko yanga yotsutsana ndi Ulaya tsopano ndiyo maziko a ndale m'maphwando onse achikhalidwe. Brexit adatsatira.
Ndipo izi ndi zomwe zikuchitika tsopano kulikonse. Chisankho cha ku Austria sichinawone FPO ikukwera. Iwo adawonanso OVP yotsatiridwa ikutenga zolowa, chitetezo, malire ndi ena mbali yakumanja yandandanda yapopulist mu kampeni yachisankho. 58% ya ovota onse adapita kumanja kapena kumanja, ma Democrats amasunthanso kwambiri pakati.
Boma latsopano la Dutch linatembenukira kumanja, pochepetsa misonkho kwa anthu olemera, ndi makampani. Kutembenukira komweku kumanja kungayembekezeredwe ndi mgwirizano watsopano wotsogozedwa ndi Merkel, omwe ali ndi ufulu wofuna kulanda unduna wa Zachuma.
Mtsogoleri wawo, Christian Lindner, ndi wolemba dziko ndipo kangapo adalengeza kuti akudana ndi Europe. M'mawonekedwe amenewo, adzakhala woyipa kuposa Schauble wosasinthika, yemwe adangofuna ku Germany ku Europe, koma anali waku Europe wotsimikizika.
Ndipo ndizosangalatsa kuti voti yayikulu ya chipani chokhwima kwambiri cha AfD idachokera ku East Germany, komwe osamukira ndi ochepa. Koma ngakhale ayika ndalama zochulukirapo za 1.3 trilioni za Euro pakukula kwa East Germany, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa ntchito ndi ndalama ndi West Germany kudakalipo.
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti Purezidenti waku South Korea adachenjeza Purezidenti Trump kuti apewe mikangano iliyonse. Iwo asankha kalekale, akuyang'ana ku kugwirizananso kwa Germany kuti sakanakhala ndi chuma chofunikira powonjezera ndi kupambana, North Korea.
The rocketman, monga Trump amatcha Kim, pambuyo decertification wa Iran, akhoza kunena kuti njira yokhayo kutsimikizira kuti US sadzalowererapo, ndi kusonyeza kuti ali ndi mphamvu nyukiliya intercontinental, chifukwa US salemekeza mapangano.
Malingaliro amenewo atachitidwa, dongosolo likuwonekera ponseponse. Ndandanda ya mapiko abwino yaphatikizidwa m'maphwando achikhalidwe; amabweretsa mgwirizano wolamulira, monga Norway anachitira, kapena amayesa kuwapatula, monga momwe Sweden inachitira.
Izi sizisintha mfundo yoti aliyense akupita kumanja. Austria tsopano idzapendekera ku gulu la Visegrad, lopangidwa ndi Poland , Hungary, Czech ndi Slovakia, zomwe zikutsutsa momveka bwino ku Ulaya ndikuyang'ana kwa Putin monga chitsanzo cha ndale ( mapiko onse abwino amachita).
Liwu lokhalo logwira ntchito ku Europe ndi Macron, yemwe mwachidziwikire si munthu wopita patsogolo. Wotsogola weniweni, Corbyn, samamvetsetsa za ku Europe, chifukwa chipani cha Labor chili ndi ma eurosceptic ambiri.
Boma latsopano la Germany lawonetsa kale kuti malingaliro ambiri a ku Europe amphamvu sali pamwambowu, ndipo kusakhazikika kumakhalabe njira. Pokhapokha ngati kukula kwakukulu kukubwera posachedwa (ndipo IMF ikukayikira zimenezo), mavuto azachuma adzawonjezeka. Utundu sunathandize konse mtendere, chitukuko ndi mgwirizano.
Mwina , tikufunika gulu lina la anthu kuti likhale m'boma kuti liwonetsetse kuti alibe mayankho enieni pamavuto. Kupambana kwa nyenyezi za 5 ku Italy mwina kungachite izi. Koma iyi inalinso chiphunzitso cha Igupto.
Lolani gulu la Muslim Brotherhood litenge boma , ndipo lidzakhala lolephera. Pepani kuti General El Sisi sanalole kuti izi zichitike. Chiyembekezo chathu ndikuti sitipeza El Sisis ku Europe.
Ngati achinyamata okha abwerera kukavota, izi zikanasintha momwe zinthu ziliri ku Europe ... uku ndiko kutayika kwenikweni kwa mbiri yakumanzere ku Europe.
*Op-Ed ya Roberto Savio idasindikizidwa mu IPS. Pitani ku choyambirira.
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*WOLEMBA: Roberto Savio ndiye woyambitsa komanso wamkulu wakale wa bungwe lofalitsa nkhani padziko lonse lapansi Inter Press Service (IPS).
M'zaka zaposachedwapa wakhazikitsanso Nkhani Zina, ntchito yopereka 'zidziwitso zomwe misika imathetsa'.
Roberto Savio: [imelo ndiotetezedwa]. http://www.robertosavio.info.
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