Pakati pa ntchito zambiri zopindulitsa za Bloomberg pali yabwino Bloomberg Billionaires Index, yomwe yangotulutsa kumene zomwe zapeza mu 2017.
Imangokhudza anthu olemera 500 okha, ndipo imalengeza monyadira kuti awonjezera chuma chawo ndi madola 1 thililiyoni mโchaka chimodzi chokha.
Chuma chawo chinakwera ndi 23 peresenti kufika pamwamba pa madola 5 thililiyoni (kuti tifotokoze izi, bajeti ya US tsopano ili pa 3.7 thililiyoni).
Izi mwachiwonekere zikutanthauza kuchepetsedwa kofanana kwa anthu ena onse, omwe ataya madola thililiyoni amenewo.
Chomwe sichidziwika kwambiri ndikuti kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimayendetsedwa kumakhalabe komweko; palibe ndalama zatsopano zomwe zasindikizidwa kuti zisungire anthu mabiliyoni olemera 500!
Ndipotu magazini ya Forbes ya anthu olemera, inanena kuti padziko lonse pali anthu mabiliyoni ambiri opitirira 2.000, ndipo chiwerengerochi chidzawonjezeka mofulumira.
China
China tsopano yaposa US, ndi mabiliyoni 594 poyerekeza ndi a US 535 - ndipo masiku atatu aliwonse miliyoneya watsopano amabadwa kumeneko. Palinso kalabu yokhayokha ya mabiliyoni, China Entrepreneur Club, yomwe imavomereza mamembala ndi mgwirizano wa mamembala ake 64. Onse pamodzi ali ndi madola 300 biliyoni, ofanana ndi 4.5 peresenti ya Chinese Gross National Product (GNP).
Monga mwachizolowezi, chuma cha China ndi banja, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti m'zaka za 10 adzasiya cholowa cha 1 trilioni madola, makamaka kwa ana awo aamuna; ndipo kuchuluka kwa chuma chotengera kukwera mpaka madola thililiyoni atatu muzaka 20.
Tikudziwa kuchokera ku kafukufuku wamkulu wa katswiri wa zachuma wa ku France Thomas Piketty wokhudza mayiko a 65 masiku ano, kuti chuma chochuluka chimachokera ku ndalama zobadwa nazo. Zili choncho chifukwa, monga momwe tonse tikudziwira, ndalama zimabala ndalama.
โNsautso imabweretsa mavuto, chuma chimabweretsa chumaโ
M'malo mwake, Ronald Reagan adayamba kampeni yake: "Nsautso imabweretsa mavuto, chuma chimabweretsa chuma" - chifukwa chake, tiyenera misonkho anthu olemera mocheperapo poyerekeza ndi osauka.
Komabe, lamulo la msonkho la a Donald Trump lomwe langokhazikitsidwa kumene ku US limadula misonkho kumakampani, motero kukulitsa chiwongola dzanja cha US ndi madola 1.7 thililiyoni pazaka khumi. Palibe amene adawonapo kuti kupereลตera kwa US kuli kale madola 18.96 thililiyoni kapena pafupifupi 104 peresenti ya Padziko Lonse la Pakhomo la Miyezi 12 (GDP).
Kusintha kwa msonkho kumeneku kudzakhudza kwambiri ku Ulaya, posunthira kumeneko ndalama zambiri za kukonzanso, kupyolera mu malipiro ndi malonda. Atumiki asanu ofunika kwambiri a zachuma ku Ulaya, UK kuphatikizapo, alemba kalata yotsutsa, mwachiwonekere mokondwera kwambiri ndi Purezidenti Trump, yemwe amawona kuti US ndiye wopambana, ndi ena onse otayika.
Ndalama zonsezi zili m'manja ochepa (anthu 8 ali ndi chuma chofanana ndi anthu 2.3 biliyoni), zimatifikitsa kuzinthu zitatu zoyenera: a) zomwe zikuchitika ndi ngongole yapadziko lonse b) momwe maboma akuthandiza olemera kupeลตa misonkho. ; c) mgwirizano pakati pa chisalungamo ndi demokalase. Palibe mwamalingaliro amenewo omwe amapereka mwayi kwa chiyembekezo, komanso kudalira gulu lathu landale.
Ngongole Yadziko Lonse
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi ngongole ya dziko. Sindikukumbukira ndidawonapo nkhani imodzi mchaka chomaliza. Komabe bungwe la International Monetary Fund lachenjeza kuti: ngongole yaikulu ya mabungwe omwe si a zachuma yawonjezeka kuwirikiza kawiri kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lino kufika pa madola 152 thililiyoni.
Izi ndi 225 peresenti ya GDP yapadziko lonse lapansi. Awiri mwa atatu amachokera ku mabungwe omwe si aboma, ndipo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu amachokera ku mabungwe aboma. Koma izi zidakwera kuchokera pansi pa 70 peresenti ya GDP chaka chatha tsopano kufika pa 85 peresenti, kukwera kwakukulu mu nthawi yochepa.
M'malo mwake, bungwe lolemekezeka la Institute for International Finance likuyerekeza kuti kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2017 ngongole yapadziko lonse lapansi - yachinsinsi komanso yapagulu - ikadafika madola 226 thililiyoni, kupitilira katatu pachaka padziko lonse lapansi ...
Izi sizikuwoneka kuti zilibe chidwi ndi aliyense. Koma tiyeni titenge mkhalidwe wa chuma cha America, ndi nkhani ya Purezidenti wonyada akudzitamandira ndi index of kukula, tsopano akuyerekeza 2.6 peresenti.
Chabwino, izi zikuwonetsa kusakwanira kwa GDP ngati chizindikiro chovomerezeka. Kukula ndi chiwerengero cha macroeconomic. Ngati 80 peresenti imapita kwa anthu ochepa, ndi nyenyeswa kwa ena onse, omwe amapereka msonkho wambiri, si chitsanzo cha kukula; ndivuto loyembekezera kuphulika.
Kuphatikiza apo, palibe amene akuganiza za kuchuluka kwa kuchepa. Ngongole yaumwini yonse kumapeto kwa kotala yoyamba ya 2017 inali 14.9 thililiyoni, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa madola 900 miliyoni m'miyezi itatu.
Ngakhale kuti malipiro awonjezeka kuchoka pa 9.2 biliyoni mu 2014 kufika pa madola mabiliyoni 10.3 m'gawo lachiwiri la 2017, ngongole ya mabanja inakwera kuchokera pa madola 13.9 biliyoni kufika pa 14.9, kuwonjezeka kwa madola biliyoni imodzi m'miyezi inayi yokha.
Kukula? Kukula Motani?
Kodi tikukamba za kukula kotani? M'malo mwake, tili ndi 86 peresenti ya anthu omwe akukumana ndi ngongole zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira, pomwe tikukhala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwachuma m'manja mwa 1 peresenti yokha ya anthu.
Izi ziyenera kukhala chifukwa chodetsa nkhawa kwa utsogoleri uliwonse, kumanzere kapena kumanja. Ndipotu, n'zosadabwitsa kuti amuna olemera a 400 a US, motsogoleredwa ndi Warren Buffet, adalembera Trump kumuuza kuti akuchita bwino komanso kuti sakusowa kubwezeredwa kwa msonkho; ndi kuti azidera nkhawa anthu osauka kwambiri.
Ndalama Zobisika
Tsopano njira yomwe mumakonda kwambiri yopewera misonkho ndikuyika ndalama m'malo amisonkho, pomwe pakati pa 21 ndi 30 thililiyoni madola amaloledwa.
Bungwe la Tax Justice Network linanena kuti dongosololi โlidapangidwa ndipo limayendetsedwaโ ndi gulu la akatswiri omwe amalipidwa kwambiri kuchokera ku mabanki akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi (motsogozedwa ndi UBS, Mawu Suissendipo Goldman Sachs), maofesi azamalamulo, ndi makampani owerengera ndalama komanso kulekerera mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi monga Bank Yakhazikitsidwa Padziko Lonse, ndi Fuko la Ndalama Zamdziko Lonse, ndi Banki Yadziko, ndi OECDNdipo G20.
Kuchuluka kwa ndalama zobisika kwakula kwambiri kuyambira 2005, kukulitsa kusiyana pakati pa olemera kwambiri ndi dziko lonse lapansi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake panali zovuta zambiri kukakamiza mabanki kuti atsegule maakaunti awo kuti akawonere ndalama, ndikukakamiza ku Bahamas, Hong Kong, Panama ndi mayiko ena apadziko lonse lapansi.
Tsopano, chitsanzo china chabwino cha chinyengo cholamulira: Msonkhano womaliza wa Atumiki a Zachuma a European Union (Ecofin), sunathe kutenga chigamulo pa chinthu chonyansa: mayiko angapo omwe ali mamembala (Luxemburg, UK, Ireland, Netherlands). , Malta ndi Kupro), malo osungira msonkho m'madera awo.
Mfumukazi yaku England yayika ndalama zokwana mapaundi 10 miliyoni mumsonkho waku England. Ndipo mayiko awiri aku US, makamaka Delaware, ali ndi malo amisonkho omwe sangalowe ngakhale ku CIA ndi FBI.
Malo amisonkho monga Cayman Islands, Jersey ndi Bahamas anali olekerera pang'ono, ofufuza adapeza, kuposa mayiko monga Nevada, Delaware, Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming ndi New York.
"[Anthu aku America] adazindikira kuti safunikira kupita ku Panama," atero a James Henry a Tax Justice Network. Ecofin yasankha kuti apitilize kusokoneza mayiko a Third World, mpaka atasankha zoyenera kuchita kunyumba.
Chifukwa chake, Kumadzulo kumalengeza mfundo zowonekera bwino komanso kuyankha mlandu, malinga ngati zitha kukakamiza ena. Koma pali chododometsa kwa maboma aku Western: ngati malo amisonkhowo atatsekedwa, popeza ndalama zambiri zimachokera Kumadzulo, atha kupeza misonkho yochulukirapo.
Kungotengera nkhani yaku US: Kalasi ya Reed Katswiri wazachuma Kim Clausing akuyerekeza kuti kutsika kwa misonkho ndi njira zina zosinthira ndalama kunachepetsa ndalama zopezeka ku Treasury ndi ndalama zokwana madola 111 biliyoni mu 2012.
Ndipo, molingana ndi kuyerekezera kwatsopano kwa Congressional Budget Office, kukokoloka kwamakampani kupitilirabe kuchepetsa malisiti amisonkho pazaka khumi zikubwerazi.
Choncho ziyenera kuonekeratu kuti ngati maboma alola kuti ndalama zimene amapeza m'mabungwe ndi anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zambiri zichepe, sakuchita zofuna za nzika wamba.
โTiyeni Titeteze Olemera Kwambiriโ
Kotero, tiyeni tipeze malingaliro athu. Palibe amene akulabadira ngongole yapadziko lonse lapansi, yomwe ikuchulukirachulukira, koma tikusiya vutoli ku mibadwo yotsatira, tikuyembekeza kuti athana nazo. Tikuwasunga ndi ngongole, ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi china chilichonse chomwe tingathe, kuti tipewe kudzimana kwathu tsopano.
Mwambi wathu ukuwoneka kuti: Titetezeni olemera kwambiri, ndipo tiyembekezere zochepa kwa iwo ndi zambiri kwa ena. Mu 1952, misonkho yamakampani idalipira pafupifupi 32 peresenti ya boma la US. Izi zidatsika mpaka 10.6 peresenti pofika chaka cha 2015. Ngakhale kuti malo amisonkho sindiwo omwe adayambitsa kusinthaku, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti gawo la phindu lamakampani lomwe limanenedwa m'malo amisonkho lawonjezeka kakhumi kuyambira m'ma 1980. Ndipo tsopano imachokera ku Trump mphatso yayikulu yamisonkho yamakampani.
Ndondomekoyi, yobisika kwa nzika, ndipo sichinavomerezedwe ndi lamulo lililonse lovomerezeka, tsopano ikuwonekera chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kusalingana, komwe kulibe mbiri yakale.
Malinga ndi Oxfam, Great Britain idzakhala ndi chisalungamo chochulukirapo mu 2020, momwemo nthawi ya Mfumukazi Victoria. Dziko lapansi likuyenda mofulumira kuzinthu zachuma ndi zochitika, osati kupanga katundu ndi ntchito, zomwe sizimapeza mphoto nthawi yomweyo. Zikuyerekezeredwa kuti ndi madola thililiyoni imodzi mutha kugula zopanga zapadziko lonse za tsiku la katundu ndi ntchito.
Tsiku lomwelo, zochitika zachuma zimafikira madola 40 thililiyoni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pa dola iliyonse yopangidwa ndi manja a anthu, pali madola 40 opangidwa ndi ndalama.
Kudalirana kwa mayiko
Kudalirana kwa mayiko mwachionekere ndi malikulu opindulitsa, osati anthu. Chabwino, izi zikukhudza ndale, osati zabwino kwambiri.
Kulikonse kuli chiลตerengero chowonjezereka cha otayika, makamaka mโmaiko olemera, chifukwa cha chitukuko chaumisiri, ndi kusintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi migodi ya malasha yomwe Trump akufuna kuukitsa, kuti apange America kukhala wamkulu kachiwiri.
Koma malasha akuthetsedwa mosalephera chifukwa cha zovuta zanyengo (ngakhale sizikuthamanga mokwanira), ndipo makina ogwiritsira ntchito amachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa antchito oti alembedwe ntchito. Maloboti mu 2040 adzakhala ndi udindo pa 42 peresenti ya kupanga katundu ndi ntchito, kuchokera pa 16 peresenti yapano. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi 86 miliyoni osagwira ntchito, Kumadzulo kokha, malinga ndi International Labor Organisation.
Osiyidwa pazabwino za kudalirana kwa mayiko amayang'ana opambana, omwe amawawona kuti akugwirizana bwino ndi dongosololi. Izi zimabweretsa kudalirana kwapadziko lonse kwa mkwiyo ndi kukhumudwa, zomwe m'zaka zingapo zachititsa kuti maphwando oyenerera m'mayiko onse a ku Ulaya apite patsogolo, zomwe zinayambitsa Brexit, ndi Trump. Kalekale, kumanzere kunali wonyamula mbendera yomenyera ufulu wa anthu. Tsopano ndi kulondola!
Pomaliza, kudalirana kwa mayiko kwasiya kuwala - koma osati mphamvu zake. Tsopano, mkangano uli wokhudza momwe angachotsere dziko lapansi, ndipo chodetsa nkhawa ndichakuti mkangano suli wa momwe tingabweretsere ndondomekoyi ku ntchito ya anthu, koma momwe tingatumizire populism ndi nationalism, ndi xenophobia kuti "tiyeni US wamkulunso ", kuwonjezereka kwa mikangano ndi mikangano.
Mochedwa kwambiri?
Mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi monga IMF ndi World Bank - omwe akhala akunena kwa zaka makumi awiri kuti msika ndi njira yokhayo yopititsira patsogolo, kuti msika waulere ukangokhazikitsidwa, mwamuna ndi mkazi wamba ndiwo apindule - asinthanso. zida.
Tsopano onse akukamba za kufunikira kwa boma kuti likhalenso wotsutsa malamulo ndi kuphatikizika kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, chifukwa apeza kuti chisalungamo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ndikuphwanya osati demokalase, komanso kupita patsogolo kwachuma.
Koma ngakhale zonse mea culpa, amachedwa kwambiri. genie yatuluka m'botolo, ndipo mphamvu siziyesa ngakhale kulibwezera. Chinyengo choipitsitsa, zokonda zake, ndi kusowa masomphenya zalowa m'malo momvetsa chisoni.
Roberto Savio ndi amene anayambitsa komanso mkulu wakale wa bungwe lofalitsa nkhani zapadziko lonse lapansi Inter Press Service (IPS).
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama